BAI TAP MENH DE QUAN HE

the boy …whom/who… you met yesterday is my brother.

The boy …who.. lives next door is a doctor.
Who- người
Who + V/ mệnh đề
mệnh đề = S + V

whom- người
whom + mệnh đề

whose - my, her, his

whose+ N
The woman whose son is a doctor is very kind.

the book…which.. you gave me is very interesting

1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định

Đây là mệnh đề cung cấp những thông tin quan trọng cần thiết để xác định danh từ
hoặc cụm danh từ đứng trước và nếu bỏ mệnh đề này đi thì câu sẽ tối nghĩa.

Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ không xác định và
không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách nó với mệnh đề chính.

Ví dụ:

The boy who is wearing a blue T shirt is my little brother. ( Cậu bé mặc áo phông
màu xanh là em trai tôi.)

2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

Đây là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin cho chủ ngữ và nếu bỏ mệnh đề này đi thì
câu vẫn có nghĩa. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định có dấu hiệu nhận biết là dấu
phảy “,”.

Ví dụ:

Taylor Swift, who is famous all around the world, is a singer. ( Taylor Swift, người
nổi tiếng khắp thế giới, là một ca sĩ)
Hanoi, which is the capital of Vietnam, has been developing rapidly in recent years.
(Hà Nội, thủ đô của Việt Nam, đã phát triển nhanh chóng trong những năm gần đây.)

Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, who làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân
Who
ngữ trong câu. Sau Who là một V/ Mệnh đề
 Bổ sung cho danh từ chỉ người, Whom làm tân ngữ trong
Whom
câu. Đằng sau Whom là một mệnh đề (S +V).

Thay thế tính từ sở hữu và sở hữu cách của danh từ phía

Whose
trước. Đằng sau Whose là một N

Thay thế cho các danh từ chỉ sự vật, sự việc, hiện tượng.
Which Which thường làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong câu. Sau
Which có thể là V hoặc là mệnh đề (S +V).

Thay thế danh từ chỉ người, sự vật, sự việc hoặc trong

That phép so sánh nhất. That hay thay thế cho Who, Which,
Whom ở những mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

Mệnh đề chỉ thời gian. Sau đó có thể là V hoặc một mệnh

When
đề.

Mệnh đề chỉ nơi chốn. Sau đó có thể là V hoặc mệnh đề.

Where
where = in which

chú ý cách dùng That

có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định

* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:

- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất
- khi đi sau các từ: the only, the first, the last
- khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one,
nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody,
all, some, any, little, none.
Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
It was the first time that I heard of it.
These books are all that my sister left me.
She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
* Các trường hợp không dùng that:
- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( có dấu phẩy)
- sau giới từ : in, on, at, from, …..

RÚT GỌN MĐQH

bị động : bị/ được

chủ động : chủ ngữ thực hiện hành động : tôi trồng cây
bị động: chủ ngữ chịu tác động của hành động : cây được trồng - bị/ được

1. Lược bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách dùng V-ing

thể chủ động
Ex: The man who is standing there is my brother => The man standing there is
my brother

who is standing there - Standing

Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? => Do you know the
boy breaking the windows last night?

break- broke
breaking

play-played
playing

2. Rút gọn bằng cách dùng Vpp

thể bị động
Ex: The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting => The books
written by Nam Cao are interesting.
The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy =>The students
punished by the teacher are lazy.

Bị động : be + V cột 3

3. Động từ nguyên thể có “to” được sử dụng sau: the first, the second, etc,
the next, the last, the only và đôi khi dùng sau cấp so sánh cao nhất như the
most famous, the oldest.
Ex: a. Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
→ Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.

4. E.g: Football,which is a popular sport,ivery good for health. => Football, a

popular sport, is very good for health
5. E.g:My grandmother,who is old and sick,never goes out of the house. => My
grandmother, old and sick,never goes out of the house.

II. BÀI TẬP MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ LỚP 9

Bài tập: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. The boy…sat next to you is my friend.

A. Who+ V B. which C. whom+ mệnh đề D. whose+ N
2. The homeless people….story appreared in the paper last week have now found a
place to live.
A. Who B. whom C. that D. whose
3. Jan didn’t check she had enough petrol before she left,….was careless of her.
A. What B. it C. that D. which
4. Behind the farmhouse there was a large house…the farmer and his sons were
working.
A. For which B. which C. in which D. that
5. The woman…next door is a famous singer.

1 câu: 1 chủ ngữ- 2 động từ - mđqh

đầy đủ: đại từ quan hệ (who/ whom/which/ that) ………
rút gọn : Ving/ Vpp

A. Lives B. who live C. living D. that living

6. The house…..in the storm has now been rebuilt.
A. Destroyed B. destroying
B. C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed
7. The man….at the blackboard is our teacher.
A. Stood (stand) B. stands C. standing D. to
stand
8. Tom was the last….the classroom yesterday.
A. To leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
9. Linda was the last student….at the oral exam.
A. To be asked B. asking C. asks D. to ask
10. A friend….you in need is a good friend indeed.
A. Who helps B. helps C. helping D. A&C
11. A picture….the image of a person is a portrait.
A. That show B. showing C. showed D. A&B
12. I don’t know the reason….she hasn’t talked to me recently.
reason- why = for which
A. On which B. for which C. about which D. no answer is
correct
13. The little girl…I borrowed this pen has gone.
borrow- mượn
borrow from : mượn từ
A. Whom B. for whom C. to whom D. from
whom
14. Everything….he said was true.
A. Who B. whom C. which D. that
15. The boy to…I lent some money is poor.
A. That B. who C. whom D. B and C
16. Here is the laptop….I bought
A. Who B. in which C. no answer D. to that
17. That book is written by a famous anthropologist. It’s about the people in
Samoa….for two years.
A. That she lived B. that she lived among them C. among whom she
lived D. where she lived among them
18. If one of the participants in a conversation wonders…., non real communication
has taken place.
A. What said the other person C. what did the other person say
B. What the other person said D. what was the other person saying
19. The ring…..is made of gold and diamond.
A. She is wearing it B. he gave it to her C. Linda like D. she is
wearing
20. The house…..is situated in the city centre.
A. Which B. we have just bought C. in where we live D. which
we live

II. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. If you buy stolen relics, you will help to create a black market, to lead
/ leading to further destruction of the heritage site.
2. The final thing to remember / remembering is to admire the corals
from a distance and not to break off any pieces to take home as souvenirs.
3. The tour guide taking / to take us to Ha Long Bay can speak three
languages.
4. At the end of this corridor there is a gate leading / leaded to the main door
of the temple.
5. The Taj Mahal complex, recognized / recognizing as a World
Heritage Site in 1983, includes the tomb, the mosque, the guest house, and
the main gate.
6. Here are some of the things to avoid / avoiding when visiting a heritage
site.
7. Many of the items such as rings, key chains, or souvenirs are
made of unusual shells or unique stones illegally removed / to remove
from the protected areas.
8. The pagoda damaged / damaging in the storm has now been rebuilt.
9. That man was selling unusual relics illegally removed /
removing from the protected area of this heritage site.
10. Visitors should avoid shops to sell / selling unusual relics from the area.

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. The guest on our show is the youngest golfer the Open.
A. won B. to win C. being won D. winning
2. I have a message for people by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B. who delaying C. delayed D. who delay
3. The items in Con Moong Cave are now kept in Thanh Hoa Museum for
preservation and displaying work.
A. excavating B. excavated C. excavation D. excavator
4. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is the only stone citadel in Southeast Asia of large limestone
blocks.
A. constructing B. which constructed C. to construct D. to be constructed
5. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress on the stage here.
A. appeared B. appear C. appearing D. to appear
6. Have you visited the pagodas on Tran Phu Street in Hoi An.
A. to lie B. lying C. lain D. lie
7. The Temple of Preah Vihear in Cambodia is composed of a series of sanctuaries
by a system of pavements and starcases over an 800 metre long axis.
A. linked B. linking C. to link D. being linked
8. Cat Ba is also rich of cultural festivals and traditions that are highly potential for and
development.
A. research B. growth C. conservation D. promotion
9. Irresponsible tourists damaged the archaeological site and some of the relics
back to the last ruling dynasty.
A. to date B. dating C. to be dated D. date
10. The ancient houses by the fire are now under reconstruction.
A. to destroy B. destroying C. destroyed D. destroy
11. The boy in the accident was taken to hospital.
A. injuring B. being injured C. have injured D. injured
12. Hoi An Ancient Town is preserved in a remarkably state.
A. damaged B. unspoiled C. intact D. unharmed
13. Son Doong Cave, in 2009, is believed to contain the world's largest cave passage.
A. first explored B. to explore first C. exploring first D. was first explored
14. The captain was the last the sinking ship.
A. to leave B. that leaving C. left D. whom to leave
15. Son Doong Cave is the largest cave in the world in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park.
A. which discovered B. discovering C. to discover D. to be discovered
 16. The Thang Long Imperial Citadel was built in the 11th century by the Ly
Dynasty,
the independence of Dai Viet.
A. marking B. offering C. commemorating D. bringing
17. Melanie was the only person a letter of thanks.
A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing
18. No fluorescent lights, no motorcycles, no television, on the 15th day of each lunar
month, the riverside town of Hoi An modern life the night off.
A. gives B. lets C. brings D. turns
19. We came to the temple dedicated to King Dinh Tien Hoang, Hoa Lu to build the citadel.
A. to choose B. choosing C. chosen D. which chose
20. Who were those people outside?
A. waited B. to wait C. who waiting D. waiting

BTVN
Bài 1: Choose the best answer.

1. The students for the bus are good ones.

A. waited B. waiting C. which is waiting D. to wait

2. This is the last person late.

A. coming B. to come C. come D. all are correct

3. The woman next door is a famous actress.

A. lives B. who live C. living D. that living

4. The house in the storm has now been rebuilt.

A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed

5. The man in front of the blackboard is our teacher.

A. stood B. stands C. standing D. to stand

6. Tom was the last student the classroom yesterday.

A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves

7. Sally was the last student in the final exam.

A. to be asked B. asking C. asks D. to ask

8. The bridge by French architects is very nice.

A. was designed B. designing C. to design D. designed

 10. 1 have a message for people by the traffic chaos.

A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. who delaying

Bài 2: Use a participle clause to reduce relative clauses.

1. They called a lawyer who lived nearby.

2. We broke the computer that belongs to my father.

3. The man who is wearing a blue jumper is in the garden.

4. We found a doctor who works at a hospital in Hanoi City.

5. People who have arrived late will not be allowed to enter.

6. Don't wake the baby who is sleeping in the next room.

7. Who is that boy who is walking in the forest?

8. The man who wants coffee is over there.

9. The television which was bought 20 years ago was stolen.

10. I often buy cheese which is imported from Paris.