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MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
VÀ GIẢM MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

* Đại từ quan hệ:

- Đại từ quan hệ Who: được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thay cho danh từ chỉ người.
vd: The woman is very kind. She lives next door
=> The woman who lives next door is very kind.

- Đại từ quan hệ Whom: có thể được dùng làm tân ngữ thay cho Who.
vd: The woman is very kind. I learn English with her.
=> The woman whom I learn English with is very kind.

- Đại từ quan hệ Whose: được dùng để chỉ sự sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật đứng
trước.
vd: The woman is very kind. Her students live next door.
=> The woman whose students live next door is very kind.

vd: The woman is very kind. I learn English with her son.
=> The woman whose son I learn English with is very kind.

- Đại từ quan hệ Which: được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thay cho danh từ chỉ đồ vật,
con vật hoặc sự việc.
vd: Thank you for the present. It was sent from Italy.
=> Thank you for the present which was sent from Italy.

vd: I’m calling from the bar. My dad owns the bar.
=> I’m calling from the bar which my dad owns.

- Đại từ quan hệ That: được dùng thay thế cho cả danh từ chỉ người và chỉ vật. That có thể
thay thế cho who, whom, which, trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

* Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ:

- Ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ whom, which, that khi nó thay thế cho tân ngữ.
vd: The man bought the computer which he really needs.
=> The man bought the computer he really needs. (bỏ which)

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vd: This is the most interesting film which/that I have ever seen.
=> This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. (bỏ which/that)

* Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ: (who, which, that khi làm chủ ngữ)
- Sử dụng hiện tại phân từ V-ing để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ khi đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trò
làm chủ ngữ và động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng chủ động.
vd: The man who stood at the corner was his father.
=> The man standing at the corner was his father.

- Sử dụng quá khứ phân từ V(PII) để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ khi đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trò
chủ ngữ và động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.
vd: I like the books which were written by Ms. Phuong.
=> I like the books written by Ms. Phuong.

- Sử dụng “to infinitive” để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ khi đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho các từ
như: the first, second, the last, only +N … và dạng so sánh nhất.
vd: She is the only girl who/that understands me.
=> She is the only girl to understand me.

Luyện tập:
1. I talked to the girl __________ car had broken down in front of the shop.
A. who B. whom
C. which D. whose

2. Mr. Richards, ____________ is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.

A. who B. whom
C. which D. whose

3. We often visit our aunt in Norwich ______________ is in the East Anglia.

A. who B. whom
C. which D. where

4. “Have you ever met the man ____________ over there?” – “No. Who is he?”
A. stands B. is standing
C. standing D. who he his standing

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5. The boy _____________ the piano is my son.

A. who is playing B. that is playing
C. playing D. All are correct

6. Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman _______________ governor in the US.
A. who elected B. to be elected
C. was elected D. her election as

7. Nora is the only person ____________ me.

A. understands B. to understand
C. understanding D. understood

8. This is an awful film. It is the worst ______________ I have ever seen.

A. who B. that
C. what D. whom

9. The reason ______________ I phoned him was to invite him to a party.

A. what B. whose
C. why D. which

10. Thank you very much for your e-mail ____________ was very interesting.
A. who B. whom
C. which D. whose

11. The sun _________________ is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with
heat and light.
A. that B. which
C. that D. which

12. Do you know the boy ______________ the window last night?
A. who broke B. who breaks
C. has broken D. broke

13. This is my beloved school, _____________ I studied when I was young.

A. which B. that
C. where D. when

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14. I would like to know the reason ____________ he decided to quit the job.
A. where B. when
C. why D. that

15. There was a time ____________ dinosaurs dominated the earth.

A. which B. when
C. that D. why

16. February is a month ____________ many of my colleagues

A. when B. which
C. that D. who

17. Sunday is the day on ______________ I am least busy.

A. where B. when
C. which D. at that

18. He likes shopping between 1:00 and 3:00 pm, _____________ most people are at home.
A. when B. where
C. that D. in which

19. Here is the factory in ____________ my uncle Nam works.

A. which B. where
C. that D. in which

20.This is the photograph of our friends _______________ we went on holiday.

A. with who B. with that
C. that D. with whom

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