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CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

VÀ ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

1. Câu điều kiện loại 0:

if + HTĐ, HTĐ hoặc HTĐ + if + HTĐ/ câu mệnh lệnh
- Cách sử dụng: chỉ những hành động xảy ra ở hiện tại một cách hiển nhiên
vd: If you put ice under the sun, it melts.
Call me if you need any help.

2. Câu điều kiện loại 1:

if + HTĐ, + TLĐ (will + V)
- Cách sử dụng: Dùng để miêu tả hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
vd: If you study hard, you will pass the exam easily.
If it rains, we’ll stay at home, watching TV.

3. Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3: (Unreal/ Lùi thì)

- Cách sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 2: Diễn tả một hành động trái với tính huống hiện tại.
if + QKD, would V
vd: If I were you, I wouldn’t marry him.
If I knew Portuguese, I would be able to talk to CR7.

- Cách sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3: Diễn tả hành động trái với thực tế ở quá khứ
if + QKHT, would have V(PII)
vd: If I have invited him to the party, you’d have met him.

4. Câu điều kiện loại trộn:

if + QKHT, would + V
vd: I didn’t know that lucky number. I didn’t win the lottery.
=> If I had known that lucky number, I would have won the lottery. (câu điều kiện loại 3)
=> If I had known that lucky number, I would be rich now. (câu điều kiện loại trộn)

vd: If I have caught that plane, I would have met David Beckham. (câu điều kiện loại 3)
=> If I have caught that plane, I would be dead now. (câu điều kiện loại trộn)

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5. Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện:

- Câu điều kiện loại 0 và loại 1:
should (S) inf, HTD/ TLD/ câu mệnh lệnh
vd: Should you have any problem, call me.
Should it rain, we’ll stay at home.

Các từ có thể dùng mang nghĩa tương tự if:

vd: In case it rains, remember to bring an umbrella. (in case = phòng khi)
I’ll lend you my car as long as (hoặc provided that) you return it by Friday. (as long as =
provided that = if: với điều kiện là)
You’ll fail the exam unless you study. (unless = if not)

- Câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3:

+ Loại 2: If I were you, … => Were I you, …
If I knew Portuguese, … => Were I to know, …
+ Loại 3: If I had known …, … => Had I known … ,…

- Without/ But for/ If it hadn’t been for + V, … mang nghĩa câu điều kiện.
vd: Without his help, I’d have failed the exam.
= If he hadn’t help me, I’d have failed the exam.
= If it hadn’t been for his help, I’d have failed the exam.

Luyện tập:
1. If I had time, I _________________ shopping with you.
A. went B. will go
C. would go D. would have gone

2. If she _____________ to see us, we will go to the zoo.

A. came B. come
C. comes D. is coming

3. I would have told you, if I _____________ him.

A. had meet B. had met
C. meet D. met

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4. If I ______________ it, nobody would do it.

A. did B. didn’t do
C. do D. don’t do

5. If I didn’t have a mobile phone, my life _____________ complete.

A. will be not B. will not be
C. would not be D. would not have been

6. Okay, I ________________ the popcorn if you buy the drinks.

A. bought B. buy
C. will buy D. would buy

7. If they ______________ me, I wouldn’t have said no.

A. had invited B. invited
C. invite D. would have invited

8. If they had gone for a walk, they _______________ the lights off.
A. had turned B. would have turn
C. would have turned D. would turn

9. If it ______________ too cold, we could go on a picnic.

A. wouldn’t be B. isn’t
C. weren’t D. hadn’t been

10. If you ______________ English, you will get along with them perfectly.
A. can speak B. had spoken
C. speaks D. spoke

11. If my father ___________ me up, I’ll take the bus home.

A. doesn’t pick B. don’t pick
C. not pick D. picks

12. If I had enough money, ______________ that house.

A. I will buy B. I’d have bought
C. I could buy D. I can buy

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13. I won’t accept unless Tom ___________.

A. to apologize B. is apologizing
C. apologizes D. doesn’t apologize

14. If I knew his address, I ______________ round and see him.

A. go B. will go
C. would go D. went

15. Were the government ______________ interest rates, they would lose the election.
A. to raise B. raised
C. raising D. raise

16. ______________ Henry, I might not have met you.

A. Had it not for B. Hadn’t it for
C. Had it not been for D. Hadn’t it been for

17. It ____________ quicker if you use a computer.

A. would be B. will be
C. been D. were

18. If you need some more money, take an extra twenty.

_____________________, take an extra twenty.
A. Were you need some more money.
B. Had you need some more money.
C. Should you need some more money.
D. Were you to need some more money.

19. If I were your teacher, I would insist you try harder.

________________, I would insist you try harder.
A. Were I your teacher.
B. I were your teacher.
C. Had I been your teacher.
D. Should I been your teacher.

20. If I had thought of the right words, I would have told him what I was thinking!
_______________________, I would have told him what I was thinking!
A. I had thought of the right words

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B. Had I thought of the right words

C. Had I been thought of the right words
D. Should I think of the right words

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