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CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

*Ở phần này condtional chia làm 2 dạng: +) Types – Loại câu ĐK

+) Inversions – Đảo ngữ câu ĐK

I) Types
Loại 1 - Type 1: If + S + V(s/es) , S + will + V_infinitive
E.g. If I have some money, I will buy 1 ice-cream for you.
Loại 2 - Type 2: If + S + V(qkđ) , S + would + V_infinitive
E.g. If I were you, I would learn very hard.
Loại 3 - Type 3: If + S + V(qkht), S + would have + V(P2)
E.g. If I had learned very hard, I would have passed the exam
Loại 0 - Type 0: If + S + V(s/es) , S +V(s/es)
E.g. If you want to start the machine, press this button
Loại tổng hợp - Mix Type 3;2: If + S + V(qkht), S + would + V_infinitive
E.g. If you hadn’t stayed up late yesterday, you wouldn’t be tired today.

a. Câu điều kiện loại I

Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 1

• Câu điều kiện loại I còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại.
• Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Cấu trúc – Công thức

If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu)

• Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở thì hiện tại
đơn, còn động từ trong mệnh đề chính chia ở thì tương lai đơn.
Ví dụ:
If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you. (Nếu anh vào vườn của tôi, con
chó của tôi sẽ cắn anh đó.)
If it is sunny, I will go fishing. (Nếu trời nắng đẹp, tôi sẽ đi câu cá.)
b. Câu điều kiện loại II
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Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 2:

• Câu điều kiện loại II còn được gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại.
• Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, điều kiện chỉ là một giả
thiết, một ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại.
b. Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 2

If + S + V (quá khứ), S + would + V (nguyên mẫu)

- Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở bàng thái cách
(past subjunctive), động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở thì điều kiện hiện tại (simple
conditional).
Chú ý: Bàng thái cách (Past subjunctive) là hình thức chia động từ giống hệt như thì
quá khứ đơn, riêng động từ “to be” thì dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi.
Ví dụ:
• If I were a bird, I would be very happy. (Nếu tôi là một con chim, tôi sẽ rất
hạnh phúc.) <= tôi không thể là chim được
• If I had a million USD, I would buy that car. (Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ
mua chiếc xe đó.) <= hiện tại tôi không có
c. Câu điều kiện loại III
Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 3:
• Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ.
• Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá
khứ, một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.
Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 3
If + S + had + P.P (quá khứ phân từ), S + would + have + P.P

– Trong câu điều kiện loại III, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở quá khứ phân từ,
còn động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở điều kiện hoàn thành (perfect conditional).
Ví dụ:
• If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the movies.
(Nếu hôm qua nó đến thăm tôi thì tôi đã đưa nó đi xem phim rồi.)
• If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him. (Nếu hôm qua tôi
không vắng mặt thì tôi đã gặp mặt anh ta rồi.)
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d. Câu điều kiện Hỗn hợp:

Trong tiếng Anh có nhiều cách khác nhau được dùng diễn tả điều kiện trong mệnh đề
chỉ điều kiện với “If”. Ngoài 3 loại chính nêu trên, một số loại sau cũng được sử dụng
trong giao tiếp và ngôn ngữ viết:
Ví dụ:
If he worked harder at school, he would be a student now. (He is not a student now)
If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now (I am not rich now)

II) Inversions
Trong tiếng Anh câu điều kiện loại 2/3, Type 2 và Type 3 thường được dùng ở dạng
đảo.
1) Loại 1
Should + S(not) + V_infi + V (main clause)
• If he has free time, he’ll play tennis. => Should he have free time, he’ll play
tennis
2) Loại 2
Were + S(not) + to V/ O + V(main clause)
• If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book. => Were I to learn Russian, I
would read a Russian book
3) Loại 3
Had + S(not) + V(P2) + (main clause)
• If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. => Had he trained
hard, he would have won the match.
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.

1. If I ……….a lot of money now, I …………..a new car.

a. have /will buy b. have / would buy
c. had/ will buy d. had/ would buy.
2. If I ……………you, I …………….do that.
a. am/ will b. were /would c. were/ will d. had been/
would.
3. If I were offered the job, I think I ………. it.
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a. take b. will take c. would take d. would have

taken.
4. I would be very surprised if he……………..
a. refuses b. refused c. had refused d. would refuse.
5. Many people would be out of work if that factory………..down.
a. closes b. had closed c. closed d. would close.
6. If she sold her car, she ………… much money.
a. gets b. would get c. will get d. would have got.
7. They would be disappointed if we…………….
a. hadn’t come b. wouldn’t come c. don’t come d. didn’t come.
8. Would John be angry if I ……. ……his bicycle without asking?
a. take b. took c. had taken d. would take.
9. She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring. (lose)
a. will be b. would be c. were d. had been.
10. If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
a. would walk b. walks c. had walked d. walked.
11. What would happen if you ……………..to work tomorrow?
a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. won’t go d. wouldn’t go.
12. We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out.
a. go b. did go c. went d. had gone.
13. If I go shopping, I ………some food.
a. buy b. will buy c. would buy d. would have
bought.
14. If I find it, I ………you.
a. will tell b. would tell c. had told d. told.
15. What would you do if you……………a million dollars?
a. would win b. win c. had won d. won.
16. They’d be hurt if I ……………….
a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. hadn’t gone d. wouldn’t go.
17. If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early.
a. would have arrived b. arrived c. will arrived d. would arrive.
18. If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you.
a. will go b. would go c. went d. would have
gone.
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19. If I …………., I would have said hello.

a. had seen b. see c. saw d. would see.
20. I…………..out if I hadn’t been so tired.
a. will go b. went c. would have gone d. would
go.
21. If I ………..a camera, I would have taken some pictures.
a. have b. had c. would have d. had had.
22. You won’t pass the examination……………you study more.
a. as long as b. unless c. if d. whether.
23. If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business.
a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know.
24. If I were to leave my country , I ……………disappointed.
a. probably be b. would have been c. will be d. would be.
25. If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he…………….in his examination.
a. would fail b. wouldn’t fail c. wouldn’t have failed. d. won’t
fail.
26. If I had taken that English course, I ………..much progress.
a. had made b. would have made c. made d. would make.
27. If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England.
a. will make b. had made c. made. d. would make.
28. If I ………….. you , I’d save some of your lottery winning.
a. be b. were c. am d. was
29. If the car ……….. larger, we would have bought it.
a. had been b. have been c. has been d. been
30. If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English.
a. will go b. should go c. would go d. should have go
to
31. If it …….. convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
a. be b. was c. were d. is
32. If you ……. time, please write to me.
a. have b. have had c. had d. has
33. If you had the chance, ………… you go finishing?
a. did b. would c. may d. do
34. Trees won’t grow ……….. there is enough water.
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a. if b. when c. unless d. as
35. If you ………. to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess
right now.
a. listen b. had listened c. will listen d. listened
36. I wish I …….. you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.
a. can lend b. could lend c. would lend d. will lend
37. If someone ……… into the store, smile and say, “ May I help you?”
a. comes b. came c. would come d. could lend
38. If you stay up late the previous night, you ………. sleepy the next morning.
a. feel b. to feel c. feels d. will feel
39. If Peter ………., Sarah will be sad because she wants to meet him very much
a. comes b. do not come c. does not come d. will come
40. If his teeth still …….., he will have to go to the dentist’s again.
a. hurt b. hurts c. to hurt c. will hurt
41. If you…………Tom , tell him I have a message for him.
a. will meet b. would meet c. meet d. met
42. If you …………too hot during the night , turn down the central heating.
a. will feel b. felt c. feel d. feels.
43. If you …………with your dictionary, I’d like to borrow it.
a. finish b. finished c. will finish d. are finishing.
44. If I lived nearer the center, I …………always late.
a. wouldn’t be b. can be c. won’t be d. will be.
45. What would Lan do if she …………..the Miss world.
a. would be b. were c. will be d. is.
46. If I ………….her, I would have said “ hello”
a. has seen b. have seen c. saw d. had seen.
47. If she had read the passage more slowly , the candidate…………………….
a. understood. B. would have understood c. will understood d. would
understand.
48. If it……………, they will not go out.
a. rains b. rained c. rain d. raining.
49. Jane will not complete the work if she is …………..rarely enough.
a. tell b. telling c. tells d. told.
50. Betty will not go to the party unless John ……………….too.
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a. go b. went c. going d. goes

51. Miss An does not want to go on the trip if nobody…………..with her.
a. go b. goes c. went d. going.
52. If you ………….to go shopping, please go with your aunt this weekend.
a. wants b. want c. wanting d. wanted.
53. Mr. Smith has to work on weekends if his manager………….him to.
a. tell b. telling c. told d. tells.
54. Unless they ……………her to work hard, she would not.
a. will encourage b. encourage c. encourages d. encouraging.
55. If I ……….a king, I would give money to the poor .
a. is b. are c. am d. were.
56. If we had left this country , we would have………….to Australia.
a. emigrated b. emigrates c. emigrate d. emigrating.
57. If I had gone to the party last night, I …………her.
a. will have met. b. would meet c. would have met d. will meet.
58. Unless the pupils pay attention, the teacher …………….be angry.
a. would b. may c. will d. might.
59. Please do not go out if it……………….
a. rain b. rains c. rained d. raining.
60. If you ……………me with this exercise, I will do the same for you one day.
a. helped b. would help c. help d. will help.
51. If you listen to music, you can’t ……………your study.
a. concentrate on b. interested in c. care about d. read about.
61. ……………you study harder, you won’t pass the final exam.
a. unless b. if c. if not d. without.
62. If the weather………….fine, we will go on a picnic.
a. is b. were c. would be d. will be.
63. If he………………….harder, the results will be better.
a. worked b. works c. has worked d. will work.
64. If Americans ate fewer foods with sugar and salt, their general
health………..better.
a. be b. will be c. is d. would be.
65. If she hadn’t overslept, she ………..late for the interview.
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a. wouldn’t be b. wouldn’t have been c. hadn’t been d. would have

been
66. I’d have told you if I …………..the book.
a. had seen b. would have seen c. saw d. see.
67. If we had known your new address, we…………..to see you.
a. came b. would have come c. would come d. will come.
68. If I found a wallet in the street, I ………….take it to police.
a. will b. should c. would d. shall
69. I ………….that coat if I were you.
a. wouldn’t buy b. didn’t buy c. don’t buy d. won’t buy.
70. If you didn’t do this , you ……………punished.
a. are b. will be c. would not be d. should not be.

Exercise 2: Identify the one that has a mistake by circling the corresponding
letter a, b, c, d.

71. If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on
the earth.
A b c d
72. Unless we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate.
A b c d
73. If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a
fuel crisis.
A b c d
74. If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball.
A b c d
75. If the doctors could find in the remedy, a lot of people would be saved.
A b c d
76. If she bought that house now, she ran out of money.
A b c d
77. What you would do if you could speak French well?
A b c d
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78. If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his
house.
A b c d
79. If I had known that the road were flooded, I would never have taken that way.
A b c d
80. If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked.
a b c d
81. If you hadn’t left the car unlocked, it wouldn’t have be stolen.
a. b. c. d
82. What would happen because I pressed that red button?
a. b. c. d
83. If the weather is fine today, we would go to the beach.
a. b c. d.
84. If you will study harder, you will surely pass the coming exams with good
results.
a. b. c. d
85. If the weather weren’t too bad, we would to go swimming.
a. b. c. d
86. If he weren’t too old, he would apply to the job as a war reporter.
a. b c. d
87.If drivers obeyed the speed limit, fewer accidents occur.
a. b. c. d
88. If I would have studied Russian at school, I would have understood him easily.
a. b. c. d
89. If tomorrow the weather will be bad, the match will be postponed.
a. b. c. d.
90. If you will see Mike today, please ask him to phone me.
a. b. c. d.