Câu điều kiện

I. Câu điều kiện là gì?

Câu điều kiện là câu nêu lên giả thiết về sự việc. Sự việc đó đã/ đang/sẽ xảy ra khi điều
kiện được nhắc đến xảy ra. Câu điều kiện gồm 2 mệnh đề:

+ Mệnh đề phụ là mệnh đề nêu lên điều kiện (còn gọi là mệnh đề IF)

+ Mệnh đề chính là mệnh đề nêu lên kết quả.

Ví dụ: If it rains, I will stay at home.

Trong ví dụ này sẽ có:

+ Mệnh đề điều kiện: If it rains (nếu trời mưa)

+ Mệnh đề chính: I will stay at home (tôi sẽ ở nhà)

II. Câu điều kiện loại 1

Câu điều kiện loại 1 là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại. Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
hoặc tương lai.

Cấu trúc: If + S + V(s,es), S + will/can/shall…… + V

Trong đó:

If clause: If + S + V s(es)…

Main clause: S + will / can/ may + V

Trong câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì
tương lai đơn.

Lưu ý: S1 và S2 có thể giống nhau. Tùy vào ý nghĩa của câu mà có thể có bổ ngữ hoặc
không. Hai mệnh đề có thể tráo đổi vị trí cho nhau.

Ví dụ:

If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.

(Nếu tôi tìm được địa chỉ của cô ấy, tôi sẽ gửi lời mời tới cô ấy.)

=> Đổi vị trí 2 mệnh đề quan hệ: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.

If you work hard, you will pass the exam.

(Nếu bạn học hành chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ đỗ kì thi.)

III. Câu điều kiện loại 2

Câu điều kiện loại 2 là câu điều kiện trái với thực tế ở hiện tại.

Cấu trúc: If + S + V2/Ved, S + would/ could …+ V

Trong đó:

+ If clause: If + S + V-ed /V2…

+ Main clause: S + would / could + V

Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia động từ giống như thì
quá khư đơn.

Ví dụ: If I had a million USD, I would buy a Ferrari.

(Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đó.) => hiện tại tôi không có 1 triệu đô la
Mỹ

If I were a bird, I would fly.

(Nếu tôi là một chú chim, tôi sẽ bay.)

Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2 (phần 1)

Bài 1: Put the verb into the correct form

1. They would be offended if I didn't go to their party. (not/go)

2. If you took more exercise, you would feel better. (feel)

3. If they offered me the job, I think I .... it. (take)

4. A lot of people would be out of work if the car factory ....(close down)

5. If I sold my car I .... much money for it. (not/get)

6. What would happen if somebody .... that red button? (press)

7. I don't think there's any chance that Grey and Emma will get married. I'd
be absolutely astonished if they ..... (do)

8. Liz gave me this ring. She .... (be) very upset if I lost it.

9. Dave and Kate are expecting us. They would be very disappointed if
we ..... (not/come)

10. Would Steve mind if I .... his bike without asking him? (borrow)

11. What would you do if somebody .... (in here) with a gun. (walk)

12. I'm sure Sue .... if you explained the situation to her. (understand)

Bài 2:You ask a friend to imagine these situations You ask What would you
do if .... ?

1. (imagine – you win a lot of money)

What would you do if you won a lot of money.

2. (imagine – you lose your passport)

What ........................

3. (imagine – there's a fire in the building)

.............................

4. (imagine – you're in a lift and it stops between floors)

............................

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. What would you do if you lost passport?

3. What would you do if there was/were a fire in the buiding?

4. What would you do if you were in a lift and I stopped between floors?

Bài 3:Answer the questions in the way shown.

1. A: Shall we catch the 10.30 train?

B: No. (arrive too early) If we caught the 10.30 train we'd arrive too early.

2. A: Is Kevin going to take his driving test?

B: No. (fail) If he ..........................................

3. A: Why don't we stay at a hotel?

B: No. (cost too much) If ....................................

4. A: Is Sally going to apply for the job?

B: No. (no/get it) If ........................................

5. A: Let's tell them the truth.

B: No. (not/believe us) If ...................................

6. A: Why don't we invite Bill to the party?

B: No. (have to invite his friends too) ......................

Bài 4:Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.

1. If you took more exercise, you'd feel better.

2. I'd be veryangry if ..........................................

3. If I didn't go to work tomorrow ..............................

4. Would you go to the party of .................................

5. If you bought some new clothes ...............................

6. Would you mind if ............................................

Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2 (phần 2)

Bài 1: Put the verb into the correct form

1. They would be offended if I didn't go to their party. (not/go)

2. If you took more exercise, you would feel better. (feel)

3. If they offered me the job, I think I .... it. (take)

4. A lot of people would be out of work if the car factory ....(close down)

5. If I sold my car I .... much money for it. (not/get)

6. What would happen if somebody .... that red button? (press)

7. I don't think there's any chance that Grey and Emma will get married. I'd
be absolutely astonished if they ..... (do)

8. Liz gave me this ring. She .... (be) very upset if I lost it.

9. Dave and Kate are expecting us. They would be very disappointed if
we ..... (not/come)

10. Would Steve mind if I .... his bike without asking him? (borrow)

11. What would you do if somebody .... (in here) with a gun. (walk)

12. I'm sure Sue .... if you explained the situation to her. (understand)

Bài 2:You ask a friend to imagine these situations You ask What would you
do if .... ?

1. (imagine – you win a lot of money)

What would you do if you won a lot of money.

2. (imagine – you lose your passport)

What ........................
3. (imagine – there's a fire in the building)

.............................

4. (imagine – you're in a lift and it stops between floors)

............................

Bài 3:Answer the questions in the way shown.

1. A: Shall we catch the 10.30 train?

B: No. (arrive too early) If we caught the 10.30 train we'd arrive too early.

2. A: Is Kevin going to take his driving test?

B: No. (fail) If he ..........................................

3. A: Why don't we stay at a hotel?

B: No. (cost too much) If ....................................

4. A: Is Sally going to apply for the job?

B: No. (no/get it) If ........................................

5. A: Let's tell them the truth.

B: No. (not/believe us) If ...................................

6. A: Why don't we invite Bill to the party?

B: No. (have to invite his friends too) ......................

Bài 4:Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.

1. If you took more exercise, you'd feel better.

2. I'd be veryangry if ..........................................

3. If I didn't go to work tomorrow ..............................

4. Would you go to the party of .................................

5. If you bought some new clothes ...............................

6. Would you mind if ............................................

Task 1. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense

1. If I _____ (study), I _____ (pass) the exams.

2. If the sun _____ (shine), we _____ (walk) to the town.

3. If he _____ (have) a temperature, he _____ (see) the doctor.

4. If my friends _____ (come), I _____ (be) very happy.

5. If she _____ (earn) a lot of money, she _____ (fly) to New York.

6. If we _____ ( travel) to London, we _____ (visit) the museums.

7. If you _____ (wear) sandals in the mountains, you _____ (slip) on the rocks.

8. If Rita _____ (forget) her homework, the teacher _____ (give) her a low mark.

9. If they _____ (go) to the disco, they _____ (listen) to loud music.

10. If you _____ (wait) a minute, I _____ (ask) my parents.

Task 2. Using the given information, make conditional sentences using

“IF”

1. Rita might fail her driving test. But she can take it again.

_____________________________________________

2. Liverpool might lose. If they do, Terry will be upset.

_____________________________________________

3. The office may be closed. In that case, Mike won't be able to get in.

_____________________________________________
4. Cathy may arrive a bit early. If she does, she can help her mother to get
things ready.

_____________________________________________

5. The party might go on all night. If it does, no one will want to do any work
tomorrow.

_____________________________________________

Task 3. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense

1. David will leave for Rent tomorrow if the weather _____ (be) fine.

2. What will you do if you _____ (not / go) away for the weekend ?

3. The game _____ (start) if you put a coin in the slot.

4. If you _____ (be) scared of spiders, don’t go into the garden.

5. We’ll have to go without John if he ( not arrive) _____soon.

6. Please don’t disturb him if he_____ (be) busy.

7. If she _____ (accept) your card and roses, things will be very much hopeful.

8. If a holiday_____ (fall) on a weekend, go to the beach.

9. If she (come) _____ late again, she’ll lose her job.

10. If he (wash) _____my car, I’ll give him $20.

Task 4. Using the given information, make conditional sentences using

“IF”

1. Alice may miss the train. But she can get the next one.

_____________________________________________

2. Is Jack going to enter the race? He'll probably win it.

_____________________________________________
3. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson

_____________________________________________

4. Fail to pay and they will cut off the electricity.

_____________________________________________

5. Don’t touch that wire or you may get an electric shock.

_____________________________________________

Task 5. Using the inversion in conditional sentence

1. If you call him immediately, he will come.

2. If it rains, we won't go cycling to the museum.

3. If he gets sick, he will see the doctor.

4. If you don’t come, I will be very sad.

5. If she earns a lot of money, she will fly to New York.

Task 6. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense

1. He’ll be late for the train if he (not start) _____ at once.

2. If I lend you $100, when you (repay) _____me?

3. Unless I have a quiet room I (not be able) _____to do any work.

4. If we leave the car here, it (not be) _____ in anybody’s way.

5. Someone (steal) _____ your car if you leave it unlocked.

6. Unless he (sell) _____more, he won’t get much commission.

7. If you come late, they (not let) _____you in.

8. If you (not go) _____away I’ll send for the police.

9. If he _____ (eat) all that, he will be ill.

10. What _____ (happen) if my parachute does not open?