I.

Perfect participles - Phân từ hoàn thành

1. Form - Hình thức
having + V-3/(e)d
e.g. Having met his parents, he left home.(Sau khi gặp bố mẹ mình, anh ấy rời khỏi
nhà.)
He gave up smoking after having seen the death of a smoker.
(Cậu ta đã bỏ hút thuốc sau khi thấy cái chết của một người nghiện hút thuốc.)
Having drunk too much alcohol, he is vomiting now.
(Vì đã uống quá nhiều rượu nên giờ ông ta đang nôn mửa.)
* Note: Nếu phân từ hoàn thành đứng đầu cậu ta phải dùng dấu phẩy (,) giữa hai mệnh
đề.
e.g. Having met his parents, he left home. (Sau khi gặp bố mẹ mình, anh ấy rời khỏi
nhà)
2. Use - Cách dùng
* Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn thành trong một mệnh đề để diễn tả nó xảy ra trước
động từ của mệnh đề còn lại.
e.g. Having registered, Anna entered the conference room.
= After Anna had registered, she entered the conference room.
(Sau khi đã đăng ký Anna đi vào phòng hội nghị.)
* Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn thành trong một mệnh đề để diễn tả lý do cho động từ
của mệnh đề còn lại (mệnh đề chính).
e.g. Having worked on his computer for a long time, Peter feels dizzy now.
= Because Peter has worked on his computer for a long time, he feels dizzy now.
(Giờ Peter thấy chóng mặt là do cậu ấy đã làm việc trên máy tính quá lâu.)
* Note: chúng ta chỉ dùng phân từ hoàn thành khi hai mệnh đề có cùng chủ ngữ.
II. Perfect Gerunds - Danh động từ hoàn thành
1. Form - Hình thức 
having + V-3/(e)d
Danh động từ hoàn thành được dùng theo 2 cấu trúc sau:
* Verb + (object) + preposition + perfect gerund
e.g. He apologized for having broken his watch.(Cậu bé xin lỗi vì đã làm vỡ mất chiếc
đồng hồ.).
They praised the old lady for having caught the thief.
(Họ ca ngợi bà cụ vì đã tóm được tên trộm.)
Một số động từ dùng với cấu trúc trên: apologize for, accuse ... of, blame ... for,
congratulate ... on, criticize ... for, punish ... for,
* Verb + perfect gerund
e.g. The little girl admitted having eaten all the cakes.(Cô bé thừa nhận là đã ăn hết số bánh đó.)
Một số động từ dùng với cấu trúc trên: deny, admit, forget, mention, remember, recall, regret
* Note: để tạo thành thể phủ định ta thêm not vào trước danh động từ hoàn thành.
e.g. Hana was punished for not having done her homework.(Hana bị phạt vì chưa làm bài tập.)
2. Use - Cách dùng
Danh động từ hoàn thành là hình thức thay thế cho danh động từ khi chúng ta đề cập đến hành
động trong quá khứ xảy ra trước động từ chính đứng trước nó.
e.g. Peter admitted having poured milk into the bowl.
= Peter admitted that he had poured milk into the bowl.(Peter thừa nhận là đã đổ sữa vào trong
cái bát.)
III. Bài tập vận dụng
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets
1. I don't agree with ______________(smack) children if they do something wrong.
2. The book ______________(publish) last month is her first novel.
3. ______________ (photocopy) all the papers, Sally put them back in the file.
4. I found a coin ______________ (lie) on the sidewalk.
5. Our mechanic said that he expects ______________ (fix) the brake on the car before
we pick it up.
6. It is unpleasant for us ______________ (live) near busy airports.
7. ______________ (park) the car about a kilometre from the stadium, I walked the rest
of the way.
Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds.
1. Nam won a scholarship. We are excited about that fact.
__________________________________________.
2. Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw.
__________________________________________.
3. The volunteers couldn't mow the old lady's lawns because of the rain.
__________________________________________.
4. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most trees in
the schoolyard. They were praised for that.
__________________________________________.
5. After she replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she same a lot of
money on her electricity bills.
__________________________________________.

Rewrite the sentences replacing the italic part with a perfect participle.

1. We switched off the lights before we went to bed.

→  we went to bed.
2. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play.
→  the boy went out to play.
3. As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
→  he didn't drive home himself.
4. We have written two tests today, so we are very exhausted.
→  we are very exhausted.
5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
→  she switched it on.
6. She had been to the disco the night before and overslept in the morning.
→  she overslept in the morning.
 7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening.
→  we were sunburned in the evening.
8. She had not slept for two days and therefore wasn't able to concentrate.
→  she wasn't able to concentrate.
9. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn't recognize him.
→  I didn't recognize him.
10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and found it very difficult to keep in the
saddle.
→  I found it very difficult to keep in the saddle.

1. He was accused of   ……………….………..(desert)  his ship two months ago.

2.  (fail) ……………….……….. twice, he didn't want to try again.

3. I object to him ……………….……….. (make)  private calls on the office phone.

4.   (be) ……………….……….. his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from
another.

5. They denied  ……………….……….. (be)  there.

6.  ……………….……….. (tie) one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the other end out of the window.

7. ……………….………..  (read)  the instruction, he snatched up the fire extinguisher.

8. The children admitted  ……………….……….. (take) the money.

Fill in the Perfect Participle. Decide whether to use active or passive voice.

1. (stop)  the car, the police officer wanted to see the documents.

2. (write)  the test, we felt relieved.
3. (work)  all day, we were quite exhausted in the evening.
4. (send)  to counter 24, I had to return to counter 3.
5. (confess) , he was accused of even more criminal offences.
6. (arrive)  at the station, we called a taxi.
7. (type)  by the secretary, the letter was signed by the boss.
8. (interrupt)  several times, he was rather annoyed.
9. (live)  in Oxford for two years, she spoke English like a native speaker.
10. (rescue) , the injured man was taken to hospital.
11. Exercise 1: Supply an appropriate form for each verb ( passive or active/ gerund or 
infinitive). 
12. 1. I don’t enjoy (laugh) …………….. at by other people.
13. 2. I want ( see) …………………. the house where our president was born
14. 3. You must tell me the truth. I insist on ( tell) ……………. the truth.
15. 4. I can’t stand ( work) ……………….. with such a rude man.
16. 5. It is easy ( fool) ……………….. by his lies.
17. 6. Don’t all of us want (love) …………… and (need) ……………. by other people?
18. 7. Susan considers ( look) ……………….. for another job.
19. 8. Sometimes adolescents complains about not (understand) ……………….. by their
parents.
20. 9. Your compositions are supposed ( write) ………….. in ink.
21. 10.Tracy promised ( help) ……………….. Owen with his packing.
22. 11. Ms. Thompson is always willing to help if there is a problem in the office, but she doesn’t
want ( call) …………….. at home unless there is an emergency.
23. 12. Jack  Wells has a good chance of (elect) ………………. I know I am going to vote for
him.
24. 13. What a mess! This room needs ( clean) ………………. up. We need ( clean)
………………….. it up before the company arrives.
25. 14. Alice didn’t expect ( ask) ……………………. to Bill party.
26. 15. If you eahr any news, I want (tell) …………….. immediately.
27. 16. I don’t like ( force) ……………….. to leave the room to study when my roommates feel
like having a party.
28. 17. My children enjoy ( allow) ………………. to stay up late when there’s something special
on TV.
29. 18. Jane is looking forward to ( see) ………………….. her boyfriend again
30. 19. John admitted (surprise) ……………. by the unexpected birthday party last night.
31. 20. The witness to the murder asked not ( identify) ………………… in the newspaper.
32. 21. Will you help me ( cut) ……………… the grass today?
33. 22. . Martha doesn’t like t have her picture taken. She avoids ( photograph)
…………………….
34. 23. This letter needs ( send) …………………… immediately.
35. 24. The company seems ( make) ………………… good progress this year
36. Exercise 2: Rewrite each sentences using passive gerund or passive infinitive 
37. 1. I don’t like people shouting at me.         ……………………………………………………
…………………………………
38. 2. I hate people staring at me.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
39. 3. We need to redecorate the living room.        
……………………………………………………………………………………..
40. 4. Someone may recognize her. She is wearing glasses to avoid that.
41. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….
42. 5. People criticize him, but he doesn’t mind that.
……………………………………………………………………………….
43. 6. People ask her about her past, she hates that.      
…………………………………………………………………………………
44. Exercise 3: Error Identification  
45. 1. My parents made me to promise to write them once a week. ………………………………..
46. 2. I don’t mind to have a roommate. ………………………………..
 47. 3. Most students want return home as soon as possible………………………………..
48. 4. When I went to shopping last Saturday, I saw a man to drive his car onto the sidewalk.
……………
49. 5. I asked my roommate to let me to use his shoe polish. ………………………………..
50. 6. To learn about another country it is very interesting. ………………………………..
51. 7. I don’t enjoy to play card games. ………………………………..
52. 8. I had my friend to lend me his car. ………………………………..
53. 9. I tried very hard to don’t make any mistakes. ………………………………..
54. 10. Some people prefer to save their money to spend it. ………………………………..
55. 11. The task of find a person who could help us wasn’t difficult. ………………………………..
56. 12. All of us needed to went to the cashier’s window. ………………………………..
57. 13. I am looking forward to go to swim in the ocean. ………………………………..
58. 14. Please promise not telling anybody about my secret. ………………………………..
59. 15. Lillian deserves to be tell the truth about what happened last night.
………………………………..
60. 16. Barbara makes me laughing. She has a great sense of
humor………………………………..
Exercise 4. Combine each pair of sentences into one sentence using Gerund
1. Alice made a mistake in her homework. She remembered it.
=> Alice remembered……………………………………………………………………………
2. Tom asked me to remind him to buy a new shirt. I forgot it.
I forgot ………………………………………….………………………………………………
3. Mr Pike taught John several years ago. He doesn’t remember it.
=> Mr Pike doesn’t remember……………………………………………………………………
4. This work must be done before we go home. We mustn’t forget.
=> We mustn’t forget………………………………………………………………………………
5. Peter lived in this city when he was a boy. He doesn’t remember it.
=>Peter doesn’t remember………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 5. Rewrite the following sentences using Gerund:
1. A good way of keeping fit is to swim everyday.
Swimming…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. It takes a long time to learn a foreign language.
We spend…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. It is not easy to change money here on a Sunday.
Changing…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. It is impossible to park your car during office hours.
Parking……………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 6. Rewrite the following sentences using the words in the blanket.
1. “Yes I did drive too fast through the town.”, she said  (admitted)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….
2. “I’ll lend you some money, if you like” he said to me (offered)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….
3. “I haven’t smoked for three years, she
said” (stopped)             ……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………….
4. We needed petrol, so we went to a service station (stopped)         
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….
5. I didn’t buy food for dinner so we had to go out. (forgot)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….
6. Jack said that he hadn’t cheated in the exam. (denied)     
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….
7. It was difficult for me not to laugh at Wendy’s letter. (help)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….
8. I am sorry but you have not been appointed to the post. (regret)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….
9. My neighbor said he would call the police. (threatened)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….
Exercise 7. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D:
1. The new students hope ……………in many of the school’s social activities.
a. including                 b. being included                    c. to include                d. to be included
2. Paul didn’t mind ……………….by his fortieth birthday party held by his friends.
a. surprising                 b. being surprising                   c. to surprise                d. to be surprised
3.  I finally finished……………..at 7.00 p.m and served dinner.
a. to cook                    b. to be cooked                                   c. cooking                    d. being
cooked
4. Although younger than the other children, she demanded………….….in the game.
a. to include                b. to be included                     c. including                 d. being including
5. The driver was so tired of ………… the same route every day that he asked for a transfer.
a. to drive                    b. being driven                        c. driving                     d. drive
6. Ms Brown expects ………………..about any revisions to her story before it is printed.
a. consulting                b. being consulted                   c. to consult                 d. to be consulted