PRESENT PARTICIPLE PHRASE

Present participle phrase là một cụm từ bắt đầu bằng một dạng - ing của động từ.
Present participle phrase có chức năng của một tính từ (Adjective) và một danh từ (Noun).
1. Present participle phrase được dùng như một Adjective.
Với chức năng của một tính từ, Present participle phrase là yếu tố mô tả của một danh từ.
+ The man is Mr. Green. He drove the red car yesterday.
→ The man driving the red car yesterday is Mr. Green.
Cụm từ driving the red car yesterday vì là yếu tố bổ nghĩa cho danh từ man nên nó được coi
như một adjective, và toàn bộ cụm từ đó cũng được gọi là adjective phrase, ta gọi thế là gọi
theo chức năng của nó vậy.
Vì bắt đầu bằng một Present participle nên ta gọi toàn bộ cụm từ đó là Present participle
phrase. Ta gọi thế là gọi theo hình thức cấu tạo của cụm từ.
+ I’ll introduce you to Mr. Minh. He is the manager of the company.
→ I’ll introduce you to Mr. Minh, being the manager of the company.
2. Present participle phrase được dùng như một Noun.
Với chức năng của một danh từ, Present participle phrase có thể được dùng như một danh từ.
+ Visiting Ha Long Bay is my wish. + She likes swimming in the sea.
Subject Object
+ He always thinks of becoming a pilot.
Object of Preposition
+ His ambition is becoming a doctor.
Complement
Exercise: Using Present participle phrase to combine each pair of sentences into one.
1. Who saw the boy? He swam in the pool two hours ago.
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2. The man is a clown. He is trying to stand on a ball.
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3. The envelope has no stamp on it. It lies on the table.
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4. My grandmother is old and sick. She never goes out of the house.
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5. The street is very wide. It leads to the school.
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6. Mr. John is my friend. He teaches my son English.
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7. The students are sitting for the exam. They are from Singapore.
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8. The fence surrounds our house. It is made of wood.
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9. The man works in this hospital. He can speak three foreign languages.
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10.A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.
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 PAST PARTICIPLE PHRASE

1. Past participle phrase là một cụm từ bắt đầu bằng một dạng past participle của động từ. Vì
thế mà nó cũng được gọi là Past participle phrase.
Past participle phrase luôn được dùng như một tính từ (Adjective) mô tả cho một danh từ
(Noun). Với chức năng của tính từ nó còn được gọi là adjective phrase.
+ The dog is intelligent. It was saved by my father.
→ The dog saved by my father is intelligent.
Cụm từ saved by my father vì là yếu tố bổ nghĩa cho danh từ dog nên nó được coi như một
adjective, và toàn bộ cụm từ đó cũng được gọi là adjective phrase, ta gọi thế là gọi theo chức
năng của nó vậy.
+ I saw many houses. They were destroyed by the storm.
→ I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.
2. Present participle phrase or Past participle phrase?
Như ta đã biết, cả hai cụm từ Present participle phrase và Past participle phrase đều có chức
năng của tính từ. Vấn đề đặt ra là khi nào ta dùng Present participle phrase và khi nào ta dùng
Past participle phrase ?
Ta dùng Present participle phrase làm định ngữ ( Modifier) cho một từ ngữ trong câu nói có ý
nghĩa chủ động. Ngược lại, khi câu nói có ý nghĩa bị động , ta dùng định ngữ ( Modifier) ở dạng
Past participle phrase.
Ta quan sát các câu dưới đây :
+ The writer is Doan Gioi. He wrote the novel.
Active voice
→ The writer writing the novel is Doan Gioi.
Active meaning
+ The novel is intersesting. It is written by Doan Gioi.
Passive voice
→ The novel written by Doan Gioi is interesting.
Passive meaning
Exercise: Using Past participle phrase to combine each pair of sentences into one.
1. We are driving on the road. It was built in 2000.
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2. The vegetables are sold in this shop. They are grown without chemicals.
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3. The energy is radiated by the sun. It can boil water and run machines.
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4. Flowers are grown in Dalat. We exported them to foreign countries.
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5. Cars are made in Korea. They are cheap and beautiful.
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6. “The Old Man and the Sea” was written by Hemingway. It is very interesting.
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7. Penicillin has saved the lives of millions. It was discovered by Dr. Fleming.
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 8. Rome, Paris and London are big cities. They are visited every year by millions of tourists.
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9. The Great Wall of China was built over 2,000 years ago. It is now one of the seven
wonders of the world.
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10.The boy was taken to the hospital. He was injured in the accident.
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Exercise: Using Present participle phrase or Past participle phrase to combine each pair of
sentences into one.
1. The baby is crying for his mother. He is lying in the baby carriage.
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2. The singer is Trong Tan. He is singing on the television.
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3. The pottery vase is 100,000 dong. It is made in Bat Trang.
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4. The road is very narrow. It joins the two villages.
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5. Do you know the woman? The woman is talking to Sally.
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6. The window has been repaired. It was broken last night.
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7. The taxi broke down. It took us to the airport.
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8. A bridge has been declared unsafe. It was built only two years ago.
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9. People don’t want to use the goods. They are produced in China.
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10.The students are planting trees along the streets. They are volunteers.
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11.The book is about the boy. He ran away from the orphanage.
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12.Trinh Cong Son composed songs. They are greatly liked by millions of Vietnamese
people.
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13. The little boy lost his way. He is crying over there.
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14.The river is Saigon River. It flows through Ho Chi Minh City.
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15. The paintings were stolen from the museum. They haven’t been found yet.
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