Tuần 22+23

PHẦN A: CHUYÊN ĐỀ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (Tiếp)

I. Giới Từ Trong Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ

1. Where, when có thể được viết thành in, on, at + which, whom
This is the village in which I was born.
1997 was the year in which I was born.
2. Có thể đặt giới từ trước các đại từ quan hệ which/whom. Cách dùng này thường phổ biến trong văn
viết.
Ví dụ: That’s the person to whom I spoke. (Đó là người mà tôi đã nói chuyện với.)
– Khi dùng who hoặc that, ta không đưa giới từ ra trước mệnh đề quan hệ.
Ví dụ: The man who Trang married to is Mr. Tuan. (Người đàn ông cưới Trang là Mr.Tuan.)
– Đối với các giới từ thuộc cụm động từ cố định (phrasal verbs) như look after, look for,… thì ta không mang
giới từ lên trước.
Ví dụ: This is the book which I’m looking for. (Đây là cuốn sách mà tôi đang tìm kiếm.)
– Khi dùng whom, which, các giới từ có thể đứng sau động từ, ngoại trừ without.
Ví dụ: The man whom Trang is talking to is Mr. Tuan. (Người đàn ông đang nói chuyện với Trang là
Mr.Tuan.)

Luyện tập:
I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Do you know the hotel ............ ?
A. at which she is staying B. where she is staying
C. she is staying at D. all are correct
2. That is the new teacher about .............. the students are talking.
A. that B. who C. whose D. whom
3. The bicycle ............... is very moderm.
A. I told you about which B. which about I told you
C. about I told you which D. about which I told you
4. Many diseases ................ are no longer dangerous today
A. why people died of year ago B. which people died years ago
C. of that people died years ago D. that people died of years ago
5. Have you made a decision on the day .............. ?
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A. which you will set off B. when you will set off
C. at which you will set off D. where you will set off
6. The road ............... is shaded with trees.
A. on which we go to school every day B. at which we go to school every day
C. from which we go to school every day D. where we go to school every day
7. I’m standing at the window ....................
A. in which I can see the lake B. where I can see the lake
C. at which I can see the lake D. from which I can see the lake
8. He came to the party wearing only a pair of shorts and a T-shirt, .......... was a stupid thing to do.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
9. He likes shopping between 1.00 and 3.00 pm, ........most people are at home.
A. when B.where C. in which D. at that
10. The fishermen and their boats ................were off the coast three days ago have just been reported to be
missing.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
11. The banker to ............... I gave my check was quite friendly
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
12. My father works for a construction company in ................
A. Winchester, which is a city in the U.K. B. Winchester that is a city in the U.K.
C. Winchester is a city in the U.K. D. Winchester where is a city in the U.K.
13. Ms Young, to ......... many of her student are writing, is living happily and peacefully in Canada.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
14. He was always coming up with new ideas, ……….... were absolutely impracticable.
A. most of whom B. that C. most of which D. most of that
15. ............. cheat on the exam have to leave the room.
A Those B. Who C. Those whom D. Those who
II. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using relative clause with preposition
1. I’ll show you the second-hand bookshop. You can find valuable books in this shop.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. The police want to know the hotel. Mr. Bush stayed at this hotel two weeks ago.
……………………………………………………………………………………
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3. The reasons are basic grammatical ones. I’m scolded by the teacher for these reasons.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
4. I have not decided the day. I’ll go to London on that day.
……………………………………………………………………………….
5. The airport is the most modern one. We are going to arrive at this airport.
………………………………………………………………………………..
6. She doesn’t want to speak to the cause. She divorced her husband for this cause
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. The teacher is Mr. Pike. We studied with him last year.
……………………………………………………………………………..
8. The problem has been discussed in class. We are very interested in it
……………………………………………………………………………..
9. Many diseases are no longer dangerous. People died of them years ago.
…………………………………………………………………………..
10. Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it.
…………………………………………………………………………….
11. I like standing at the windows. I can see the park from this window.
……………………………………………………………………………….
12. The boy is my cousin. You made fun of him.
………………………………………………………………………………
13. This is rare opportunity. You should take advantage of it to get a better job.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
14. This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention to it.
……………………………………………………………………………….
15. The movie was interesting. We went to it.
……………………………………………………………………………….

II. Rút gọn Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ

1. Cụm phân từ
a) Hiện tại phân từ (V_ing ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ chia ở các thì hiện tại đơn,
hiện tại tiếp diễn, quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, hoặc khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả mong
muốn, hi vọng, mong đợi..
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That man, who is sitting next to Mary, is my uncle.

That man, sitting next to Mary, is my uncle
b) Quá khứ phân từ (PP): đựơc dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.
The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
Luyện tập: Reduce the following relative clauses, using Participle Phrases.
1. The man who teaches my son is my friend.
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. The street which leads to the school is very wide.
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. My grandfather, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980.
………………………………………………………………………………
5. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.
…………………………………………………………………………………
6. The computers which are used here are very old.
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
…………………………………………………………………………………
8. That is the news which surprised us most.
…………………………………………………………………………………
9. They’ve just delivered the goods that were ordered last week.
…………………………………………………………………………………
10. There are some children who are playing in the backyard of the house.
…………………………………………………………………………………
11. Do you know the woman who made a very interesting speech last night?
…………………………………………………………………………………
12. The foreign language which is being taught in most schools is English.
…………………………………………………………………………………

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13. Astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.
…………………………………………………………………………………
14. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.
…………………………………………………………………………………
15. The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.
…………………………………………………………………………………
16. The number of students who have been counted is quite high.
…………………………………………………………………………………
17. Do you know the music which is being played on the radio?
…………………………………………………………………………………
18. He lives in a big house which stands on the top of the hill.
…………………………………………………………………………………
19. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
…………………………………………………………………………………
20.The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. Động từ nguyên mẫu (To infinitive): được dùng sau The first, the second,…, the last, the only, động từ
khuyết thiếu.
The captain was the last person who left the ship.
The captain was the last person to leave the ship.
Here is a form that you must fill in.
Here is a form for you to fill in.
Luyện tập: Reduce the following relative clauses, using To- infinitives.
1. John was the last person who left the room.
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. He was the last man that was interviewed yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. The man was the second person who was killed in this way.
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. The only thing that we have to remember is to obey our parents.
…………………………………………………………………………………
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5. Thomas was the first man that reached the top of the mountain.
…………………………………………………………………………………
6. She was the fourth woman who finished the race.
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. The first person that arrives at the party will be given a small gift.
…………………………………………………………………………………
8. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
…………………………………………………………………………………
9. All the things that should be done are written in the note.
…………………………………………………………………………………
10. The person you must talk to is the principal.
…………………………………………………………………………………

PHẦN B: ÔN TẬP UNIT 10

I. Circle the word with the underlined letter(s) pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. chemical B. discharge C. change D. feature
2. A. scatter B. panda C. capture D. devastate
3. A. swallow B. switch C. sweet D. sword
4. A. wild B. prohibit C. environment D. survive
5. A. scenic B. extinct C. decrease D. coexist
II. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in the list.
endanger scatter coexist pollute devastate
discharge prohibit survive protect capture
1. Many birds didn't ...... the severe winter.
2. Animals shouldn't be ...... for recreation arid entertainment.
3. The health of our children are being ...... by exhaust fumes.
4. The factory was fined for ...... chemicals into the river.
5. The explosion ...... a flock of birds roosting in the trees.
6. Laws have been introduced to ...... killing endangered animals,
7. The air in the city is heavily ...... with traffic fumes.

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8. The government should do more to ...... the environment.

9. It is possible for local wildlife to ...... with industry.
10. Western India was ...... by a huge earthquake.
III. Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate preposition (giới từ).
1. A number of rare animals are now in danger ...... extinction.
2. If people's interference ...... the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce off-spring.
3. The government should do more to protect rare animals ...... being extinct.
4. She believes there is life ...... other planets.
5. The EU has imposed a ban ...... the import of seal skins.
6. People are destroying the air by adding pollutants ...... it.
7. Human beings are responsible ...... the changes in the environment.
8. They are changing weather conditions by cutting ...... trees in the forests.
9. National parks should be set ...... to save animals and plants.
10. Raw sewage was discharged .............the treatment plant directly into the river.
IV. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C OR D - that best completes the sentence.
1. In some countries environmental organizations have been ______ to inform people and gain their
support.
a. made up b. set up c. brought up d. taken up
2. We continue to ______ rainforests and increase the dangers of global warming.
a. cut off b. cut in c. cut out d. cut down
3. In some countries there have been widespread demands for the ______ of seal hunting.
a. extinction b. disappearance c. abolition d. establishment
4. ______ aren't effective anymore because insects have become resistant to them.
a. Fertilizers b. Pesticides c. Herbicides d. Composts
5. They started a campaign to ______ smoking among teenagers.
a. encourage b. decrease c. discourage d. prohibit
6. If we do not take steps to protect the world's wild life, many species of birds and animals are likely to
become ______ completely.
a. extinct b. extincted c. extinction d. extincting
7. The Earth will be a planet where' human beings, animals and plants live in peaceful ______.
a. cooperation b. coordination c. corporation d. coexistence

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8. What exactly is the influence of air pollution ...... human beings?

A. to B. with C. on D. for
9. People in this region cultivate mainly rice and vegetables.
A. destroy B. grow C. develop D. support
10. Oil spills are having a devastating effect on coral reefs in the ocean.
A. destroy B. easy C. light D. terrible
V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Global warming is primarily a problem of too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, (1) ____ acts as a
blanket, trapping heat and the planet. (2) ____, the average surface temperature has increases more than one
degree Fahrenheit since the late 1800s. Most of that increase has occurred over the past three decades.
We are overloading our atmosphere with carbon dioxide, which traps heat and steadily drives up the planet's
temperature. Carbon dioxide comes from the fossil fuels we burn for energy, such as coal, natural gas, and oil,
and the loss of forests due to (3) ____, especially in the tropics.
Within the scientific community, there is no debate. (4) ____ scientists agree that global (5) ____ is happening
and that human activity is the primary cause.
Global warming is already having significant and costly effects- and these consequences will only intensify as
the planet's temperature continues to rise. Global warming is accelerating the (6) ____ of sea level rise and
dramatically increasing coastal flooding risk. Climate change has significant effects for our health, including
increased air pollution and a longer and (7) ____ intense allergy season.
We must significantly reduce the heat-trapping (8) ____ we are putting into the atmosphere. As individuals, we
can help by taking action to reduce our carbon footprint. Tropical deforestation accounts for about 10 percent of
the world's heat trapping emissions. Reducing tropical deforestation can significantly lower global warming
emissions and plays an integral role in a long-term solution to global warming.
Sometimes it is difficult to achieve meaningful (9) ____ to global warming because misinformation about the
truth of global warming misleads and confuses the public and makes it more difficult to carry (10) ____
effective solutions.
1. A. that B. which C. who D. when
2. A. Global B. Globaliness C. Globally D. Globe
3. A. deforestation B. culture C. relation D. afforestation
4. A. Most of B. Mostly C. Most D. Almost
5. A. wrapping B. proving C. offering D. warming
6. A. number B. rate C. amount D. part
7. A. more B. few C. less D. little
8. A. inclusions B. ceremony C. emissions D. creations
9. A. factor B. stories C. problems D. solutions

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10. A. out B. in C. on D. away

VI. Read a text about common wedding rituals in the USA and answer the questions that follow.
One of the factors in global warming is carbon monoxide. The more carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, the
less the atmosphere is able to clean itself. The result is a warming of the atmosphere, the so-called global
warming, and possibly ozone damage.
Earlier, it was found that carbon monoxide was concentrated in the Southern Hemisphere, and could be
attributed to deforestation. Huge areas of forest and grasslands in South America and Africa have been burned,
putting carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. Recently, however, the Southern Hemisphere has been found to
be clean, while the Northern Hemisphere is more polluted than expected.
The latest research was done during the northern winter. The high levels in the Northern Hemisphere could be
because of this. In winter carbon monoxide is destroyed more slowly. There are also more fires burned in
winter, and possibly industrial processes work harder. It could also reflect the ever-increasing number of cars on
the roads. Optimists (những người lạc quan) hope that the reason why the North has overtaken the South as the
major area of carbon monoxide is that at last the burning has stopped, or at least slowed down.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A Global warming. B. Carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.
C. The warming of the atmosphere. D. Ozone damage.
2. Which of the following is NOT a reason for carbon dioxide?
A. Ozone damage. B. Burning of forest.
C. Traffic. D. Industry.
3. According to the author which of the following is a reason why in winter there is more carbon-monoxide in
the atmosphere?
A. Fewer factories are working.
B. There is a decrease in the amount of traffic on the roads.
C. Central heating means there are fewer fires nowadays.
D. Carbon monoxide is not absorbed so fast.
4. Why are the optimists happy?
A. People are buying more cars.
B. There is more carbon dioxide in the North.
C. They are possibly burning fewer forests in the Southern Hemisphere.
D. Industry must be doing better.
5. What is the attitude of the author towards the new findings?
A. He is biased in favor of the South. B. He is neutral.
C. He agrees with the optimists. D. He is worried about the North.