CONDITIONALS ADVANCED

Câu điều kiện loại hổn hợp.

Loại hổn hợp là loại câu điều kiện mà 2 vế khác loại nhau.
Ví dụ:
If you had not spent too much yesterday, you would not be broke now. (Nếu hôm qua bạn không xài quá nhiều
tiền thì hôm nay đâu có sạch túi như vầy) => Loại 3 + loại 2.
If you liked animals, I would have taken you to the zoo. => Loại 2+ loại 3
If she arrived there yesterday, she can come here tomorrow. => Loại 2 + loại 1
Như vậy các em sẽ thấy loại hổn hợp rất đa dạng. Vấn đề đặt ra là làm sao biết chia vế nào loại nào. Để làm
được loại hổn hợp này các em cần nắm vững bí quyết sau:
Trước tiên các em phải hiểu bản chất của câu điều kiện là nếu cái gì đúng sự thật thì chia động từ theo đúng
thời gian của nó, còn cái gì không có thật, khó xảy ra hoặc chỉ giả sử thôi thì lùi về một thì.
I) Sự biến đổi câu
a. Unless = except if và if.....not (trừ khi) + clause
VD: You will be late for dinner unless you hurry.=> You will be late for dinner if you don't hurry.
Không thể dùng unless thay cho if not trong những trường hợp sau:
-Trong những tình huống không thật. (thường là câu loại 2 và 3)
Ví dụ:
She would be a good friend if she were not selfish.
She would be a good friend unless she were selfish. (sai)
If he had not been absent, he would have known that.
Unless he had been absent, he would have known that. (sai)
-Khi nói về cảm xúc:
I will be disappointed, if you don’t pass the exam.
I will be disappointed, unless you pass the exam. (sai)
-Trong hầu hết các câu hỏi:
Ví dụ:
What do you think if I don’t come?
What do you think unless I come? (sai)
b. As/so long as/ as long as/ provided (that),/providing (that)/on condition (that) (miễn là, với điều kiện là)= but
only if (miễn là), or/otherwise (nếu không), imagine (that)/ suppose (that)/supposing (that) (giả sử như)
- Travelling by car is convenient provided that you have somewhere to park. (but only if you have
somewhere to park.)
- Start soon otherwise you will be late. (= if you do not start soon, you will be late.) (Hãy bắt đầu sớm, nếu
không bạn sẽ trễ.)
- I will give you the day off on condition that you work on Saturday morning. (Tôi sẽ cho anh nghỉ một ngày
với điều kiện anh phải làm việc vào sáng thứ Bảy.)
- Supposing you won the football match, what would you do?
D. Cách sử dụng các từ will, would, could, should sau if
Thông thường các động từ này không được sử dụng với if trong câu điều kiện.
Ex: if I will have the time, I will help you. Mà là: if I have the time, I will help you.)
Tuy nhiên, có một số trường hợp ngoại lệ.
- If you will/would: nếu ... vui lòng: Thường được sử dụng trong các yêu cầu lịch sự, đặc biệt là khi nhờ ai làm
việc gì đó. would lịch sự hơn will.
Ex: If you would wait for a moment, I will go and see if Mr. Quang is here. (Nếu bạn vui lòng chờ một lát, tôi
sẽ đi và xem liệu rằng thầy Quảng có ở đây không?)
- If + S + will/would: nếu ... chịu: Để diễn đạt một ý tự nguyện.
Ex: If you will listen to me, I can help you. (Nếu bạn chịu nghe tôi thì tôi có thể giúp bạn.)
Ex: Will còn được dùng theo mẫu câu này để diễn đạt sự ngoan cố: nếu ... nhất định/ nếu ... cứ
Ex: If you will turn on the music loudly late the night, no wonder why your neighbors complain. (Nếu bạn nhất
định mở nhạc to vào ban đêm, chẳng trách tại sao hàng xóm của bạn cứ phàn nàn.)
- If you could: xin vui lòng: Diễn đạt một yêu cầu lịch sự mà người nói cho rằng người nghe sẽ đồng ý như
một điều đương nhiên.
If you could open your book, please.
- If + S + should ...: ví như (mệnh lệnh thức): Diễn đạt một trường hợp có thể xảy ra được nhưng rất khó.
Ex: If you should find any difficulty in using your computer, please call me this number. (Nếu bạn thấy khó sử
dụng máy tính của bạn, hãy gọi tôi số này.)
• Trong một số trường hợp người ta bỏ if đi và đảo should lên trên chủ ngữ
(should you find)
e. If S should = if S happen to ... = if S should happen to ... diễn đạt sự không chắc chắn; sự tình .
VD: If you happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
f. Cấu trúc với IF IT WERE NOT FOR/ IF IT HADN'T BEEN FOR.
Dùng để miêu tả 1 sự việc này phụ thuộc vào sự việc kia.
If + it + were not for / hadn't been for + Noun, clause.
VD: If it were not for Jim, this company would be in a mess
If it hadn't been for the goalkeeper, Vietnam would have lost.
II) Một số cách dùng khác.
a. Cấu trúc BUT FOR.
Nó thay thế cho cấu trúc " IF .......NOT". Dạng này thường sử dụng trong văn phong lịch sự.
BUT FOR + Noun
VD: If you hadn't helped us, we would have benn in trouble.
=> But for your help, we would have been in trouble.
b. Cấu trúc: If + adjcetive.
If + adjective, clause
Dạng này được lựoc bỏ TO BE.
VD: If necessary, you can take a taxi
c. If + prep + noun/verb ... (S + tobe: bị lược bỏ)
Ex: If in doubt, ask for help. = If you are in doubt, ask for help.
Ex: If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night sleep. (= If you are about...)
- If ... any/ anything/ ever/ not. Dùng khá phổ biến với một số từ dùng diễn đạt phủ định.
Ex: There is little if any good evidence for flying saucers. (Có rất ít bằng chứng về đĩa bay.)
- If + adj = although: cho dù là: Nghĩa không mạnh bằng although, dùng để diễn đạt quan điểm riêng hoặc
vấn đề gì đó không quan trọng.
Ex: His style, if simple, is pleasant to read.
• Cấu trúc này có thể thay thế bằng “may ... but”: His style may be simple, but it is pleasant to read.

Complete each sentence as either a first conditional or a second conditional sentence using the verb in
brackets.
1. If I _____________ (have) arms five meters long, I _______________ (be able) to reach the top of that
shelf!
2. Don’t worry! You’ve just got a cold. If you _______________ (take) an aspirin, you ________ (feel)
better.
3. Vegetarians believe that if nobody ______________ (eat) meat, everyone ______________ (live)
longer.
4. If I _______________(become) a famous rock star, I ______________ (buy) my parents an enormous
house.
5. It says ‘No Parking’. If you _____________(leave) the car here, the police _______________ (give)
you a parking fine.
6. It’s not far. If you ________________(follow) this path, you ________________(come) to the station.
7. If people ____________(use) bikes instead of cars, there _______________ (not be) so much pollution.
8. Actually, Brutus is a very friendly dog. If you ___________ (touch) him, he ____________ (not bite)
you.
9. If you _______________(leave) your books on the desk, I ______________(give) them back to you at
the end of the lesson.
10. If you _____________(live) on the 100th floor of a skyscraper, your friends _______________ (not
want) to visit you!
11. If you _____________ (fall) in the river, your clothes _______________ (get) wet.
12. If I ___________ (have) a helicopter, I _______________ (fly) to school.
13. I don’t know the answer. If I ____________(know) the answer, I _____________ (tell) you.
14. You think there is a chance of catching the bus. If we _________ (run), we _____________ (catch) it!
15. You’re very busy because you have lots of homework. If I ____________ (have) more free time, I
_______________(join) the club.
16. If I __________ (be) you, I _______________ (leave) now.
17. What__________________ (you/do) if you _______________(have) wings?
18. If Rachel ____________ (work) harder, she ________________ (may do) even better at her studies.
19. If you ______________ (arrive) early, you _______________ (get) a better seat.
20. If we ____________ (have) a calculator, we _______________ (can work) this out a lot quicker.
Complete each sentence as either a second conditional or a third conditional sentence using the verb in
brackets.
1. Why didn’t you phone? If I _____________ (know) you were coming, I ________________ (meet) you
at the station.
2. It’s a pity you missed the party. If you ____________ (come), you ________________ (meet) my
friends from Hungary.
3. If we ___________ (have) some tools, we _______________ (be able) to repair the car, but we haven’t
got any with us.
4. If you _______________ (not help) me, I ________________ (not pass) the exam.
5. I can’t imagine what I ________________(do) with the money if I ____________ (win) the lottery.
6. If Claire ______________ (listen) to her mother, she _________________(not marry) David in the first
place.
7. If I __________ (be) you, I _______________ (ask) a lawyer for some advice.
8. If you _____________(plan) things properly, you _________________ (not get) into a mess.
9. How ___________________(you/feel) if we ______________(offer) you the job of assistant manager?
10. If you ______________ (invite) me last week, I ________________ (be able to) come.
Mixed conditional
1. You didn’t plan things at the start, so we are in this mess now.
 If you ................................................................................................................................................................
2. Mathew didn’t wear a suit to the interview because he isn’t enough sensible.
 If Mathew .........................................................................................................................................................
3. You woke me up in the middle of the night, so I’m so tired now.
 If you ...............................................................................................................................................................
4. I am in the dark now because I didn’t pay my electricity bill last month.
 I……………………………………………………………
5. She doesn’t love him, so she didn’t get married with him.
 She …………………………………………………………
6. They are in trouble because they didn’t save any money.
 If they ...............................................................................................................................................................
7. Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t be successful now.
 If …………………………………………………………
8. Brenda stole the money, so she is in prison.
 Brenda ..............................................................................................................................................................
9. Kevin can’t do the test well because he didn’t revise his lessons.
 If Kevin ............................................................................................................................................................
10. I didn’t go to Ha Long Bay because I have a meeting today. I ................ ……………………………
11. I can’t make a call because I left my cell phone at home. If I .......... …………………………………
12. I am having trouble because I didn’t take your advice.
 If ................................................................................................................................................................
Exercise : Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. I don’t buy it because I don’t have enough money.----> If I ..........................................................................
2. I didn’t buy it because I didn’t have enough money.----> I would.............................................................
3. There was a test yesterday. I didn’t know that, so I didn’t study for it
----> If I ........................................................................................................
4. I’m busy right now, so I can’t help you.----> I could..................................................................
5. He’s very thin, that’s why he feels the cold so much.----> If he....................................................................
6. I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.----> If
I..................................................................
7. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game.
----> Unless....................................................................................................
8. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.----> Unless..........................................................
9. If you don’t like this one, I’ll bring you another.----> Unless............................................................
10. I’ll only help you if you promise to try harder.----> Unless.......................................................................
11.If she doesn’t work harder, she’ll lose her job.----> She’ll..............................................................
12.You can use my car, but have to keep it carefully.----> Provided...............................................
13.If the work is finished by lunch , you can go home.----> Get.......................................................
14.Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.----> As long as.........................................................
15.You must work harder or you won’t pass the exam.----> You won’t.......................................
16. She must apologise to me or I’ll never speak to her again.----> I’ll...............................................................
Exercise : Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. I didn’t have an umbrella with me and so I got wet.
----> I wouldn’t...............................................
2. I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.
----> Unless........................................................................
3. In the snowy weather we don’t go to school
.----> If......................................................................................
4. Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table.
----> If......................................
5. You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep
.----> If you..............................................................
6. You press this button to stop the machine.
----> If.....................................................................................
7. Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you one of my biscuits.
----> If......................................
8. If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed.
----> Unless................................
9. If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8.00.
----> If you should.................................................
10.I wouldn’t accept if you asked me to marry you.
----> If you were................................................
Exercise 5: Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
11. Working so much will make you tired.
----> If...................................................................
12.I regret drinking so much last night
.----> If only...........................................................................
13.What would you do if there was an earthquake?
---> Supposing .................................................................
14.If you do the shopping, I’ll cook lunch.
----> You..........................................................................
15.What would you do If you found some burried treasure.
----> If you were...............................................
16.If Pauline hadn’t been interested, the project would have been abandoned.
----> But for.......................................................................................................
17.If by any chance you find my wallet, could you let me know?
----> If you happen..........................................
18.I might be late. If so, Start without me.
----> If I........................................................................
19.The fire was brought under control thanks to the night-watchman.
----> If it hadn’t........................................................
20.Dick is in prison because a detective recognised him.
----> If a detective...........................................................................................
* SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE:
1. Thanks to his aunt’s legacy of $ 10.000 he was able to buy the house he wanted.
=> Had his……………………………………………………………………
2. If I had known she was sick, I would have visited her.
=> Had………………………………………………………………………
3. If the train should be delayed, I shall send the telegram.
=> Should……………………………………………………………………
4. Supposing it were true, how would we laugh?
=> Were……………………………………………………………………..
5. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended.
=> Had it not…………………………………………………………………
6. The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
=> Had it not…………………………………………………………………
7. If I met the author one day, I would ask him to sign my copy of his new book.
=> Were I………………………………………………………………………
8. I didn’t realized he was the author and that’s why I was so rude about his book.
=> Had I realized………………………………………………………………
9. Please let me know if you wish to keep the books any longer.
=> Should you…………………………………………………………………
10. If I were the Prime Minister, I would reduce taxes.
=> Were………………………………………………………………………
11. I can meet you if you arrive before eleven.
=> So…………………………………………………………………………
12. Your car may break down on the rough mountain road, so take plenty of spare parts.
=> In case……………………………………………………………………
13. Without this treatment, the patient would have died.
=> If he………………………………………………………………………
14. You should take a map because you might get lost in those mountains.
=> In case…………………………………………………………………
15. Without his help we would all have died.
=> If it……………………………………………………………………
16. Provided your handwriting is legible the examiner will accept your answers.
=> So long as the examiner………………………………………………
17. If she hadn’t insisted on kissing everyone goodbye she would have caught the train.
=> If it hadn’t……………………………………………………………
18. It was the goalkeeper who saved the match for us.
=> If it hadn’t……………………………………………………………
19. The only thing that kept us out of prison was the way he spoke the local dialect.
=> But for his command………………………………………………
20. It is difficult to know what one’s reaction would have been in such a situation.
=> If I ………………………………………………………………
21. If you hadn’t been speeding, the police wouldn’t have stopped you.
=> You must………………………………………………………
22. If you persist in defying instructions, we’ll be forced to act.
=>Should …………………………………………………………
23. Because the evidence was withheld, the prisoner was found guilty.
=> Had the evidence…………………………………………………….
24. If you changed your mind, you’d be welcome to join us.
=> Were you…………………………………………………………….
25. He would have lent you his violin if you’d asked him.
=> Had you………………………………………………………………
26. A successful interview means that you will be offered a job
.=> Provided………………………………………………………………
27. You are allowed a free ticket if you bring a group with you.
=> So long as……………………………………………………………..
28. You’d better take a vote if you can’t reach the consensus.
=> Should you…………………………………………………………….
29. Research into gene technology has been so successful that we are not now with some serious ethical
problems. => If research…………………………………..
30. If you had given it in on time, you would have got a high mark.
=> Had…………………………………………………………………….
31. If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form
.=> Should………………………………………………………………….
32. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.
=> Were …………………………………………………………………..
33. It’s my opinion that you should take more exercises.
=> If I………………………………………………………………………
34. Without his wife’s constant support, he would never have achieved his ambition.
=> If he…………………………………………………………………….
35. Follow this instruction carefully and you won’t have any problem.
=> As long as………………………………………………………………
36. But for his presence of mind there might have been a serious accident.
=>If it……………………………………………………………………….
37. If you work on Saturday morning, I’ll give you the day off.
=> On ………………………………………………………………………
38. If you agree to share the expenses, you will be welcome to stay with us.
=> So long as………………………………………………………………
39. You can borrow my bike if you bring it back on time.
=> Providing………………………………………………………………
40. That would be fun if we could all fly
.=> Imagine…………………………………………………………………