CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN IF

I. GRAMMAR
1. Câu điều kiện loại 1

Câu điều kiện loại 1 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1
Cấu If + S1 + V (s, es), Should + S1 + V-inf,
trúc
S2 + will/may/should/can… + V-inf S2 + will/may/should/can… + V-inf

Ví dụ If he’s not busy, he’ll come to pick Should he not be busy, he’ll come to
me up. pick me up.

→ Nếu anh ấy không bận, anh ấy sẽ

đến đón tôi.

Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để diễn tả một hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

2. Câu điều kiện loại 2

Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại.

Câu điều kiện loại 2 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2
Cấu If + S1 + V_ed, Were + S1 + (to V),
trúc
S2 + would/might/could… + V-inf S2 + would/might/could… + V-
inf

Ví dụ If I were you, I wouldn’t be so rude to her. Were I you, I wouldn’t be so rude

to her.
→ Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không thô lỗ với cô
ấy như vậy.

3. Câu điều kiện loại 3

Câu điều kiện loại 3 dùng để diễn tả sự việc hoặc hành động không có thật ở quá khứ.
 Câu điều kiện loại 3 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3
Cấu If + S1 + had + V3/V_ed, Had + S1 + V3/V_ed,
trúc
S2 + would/might/could… + have + S2 + would/might/could… + have +
V3/V_ed. V3/V_ed.

Ví If they had asked me, I could have → Had they asked me, I could have
dụ given them some advice. given them some advice.

→ Nếu họ hỏi tôi, tôi đã cho họ một

vài lời khuyên rồi.

4 . Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 1

Giả thiết về một hành động, sự việc sẽ xảy ra ở hiện tại nếu điều kiện nói tới trong quá
khứ có thật.

Mệnh đề điều kiện Mệnh đề chính

If + S + had + V3/V_ed S + would + V-inf

If + câu điều kiện loại 3 câu điều kiện loại 2

*Lưu ý: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 1 có mệnh đề if sử dụng vế đầu câu điều kiện loại
3, vế sau là câu điều kiện loại 2.

Ví dụ: If I had worked harder, then I would be rich now. (Nếu tôi làm việc chăm chỉ
hơn, thì bây giờ tôi đã giàu có.)

=> Sự việc "giàu có" ở hiện tại không có thật bởi hành động "làm việc chăm chỉ" đã
không xảy ra trong quá khứ.

5 . Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 2

Giả thiết về một hành động, sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong quá khứ nếu điều kiện nói tới có
thật.

Mệnh đề điều kiện Mệnh đề chính

If + S + V_ed S + would/could/might + have + V3/V_ed

If + câu điều kiện loại 2 câu điều kiện loại 3

*Lưu ý: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 2 có mệnh đề if sử dụng vế đầu câu điều kiện loại
2, vế sau là câu điều kiện loại 3.

Ví dụ: If I were you, I would have bought it. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ mua nó.)

=> Hành động "mua" đã không xảy ra, bởi điều kiện "tôi là bạn" không có thật.

II. EXERCISES

Part 1: Rewrite
1. His father often punishes him for his laziness.

2. I can’t come because I have to help my dad with something.

3. Leon often causes accidents because he drives carelessly.

4. Stop talking or you will wake the children up.

5. Mary got lost because she didn’t have a map.

6. June is so fat because she ate so many chips.

7. You’re unhealthy because you don’t do exercise.

8. He didn’t study his lessons very carefully, so he gets bad grades now.

9. Hurry up or you will be late for school.

10. I can’t apply for that job because I don’t know English.

Part 2: Multiple choice

1. If I…………….. the competition, I…………. on a world cruise.

A. win/ will go
B. won/ would go
C. won/ would have gone
D. will win/ go
2. What would happen if you …………….. to work tomorrow?
A. had gone
B. didn’t go
C. won’t go
D. don’t go
3. Mary can help herself to the refrigerator should she………….. hungry.
A. will get
B. gets
C. got
D. get
4. If I …………him, I would have said hello to him.
A. had seen
B. would see
C. saw
D. see
5. If I find it, I ………you.
A. had told
B. told
C. will tell
D. would tell
6. I………….. out if I hadn’t been so tired.
A. will go
B. went
C. would go
D. would have gone
7…………………….. the book been cheaper, I would have bought them all.
A. had
B. were to
C. so that
D. if
8. If the Minister ……………. to get the necessary support, he would be forced
to call a snap election.
A. fails
B. should fail
C. had failed
D. failed
9. If I ………….. you, I wouldn’t spend the reward on things I don’t need.
A. am
B. were
C. being
D. wasn’t
10. If I were offered the job, I think I ………. it.
A. would take
B. take
C. would have taken.
D. will take
11. You won’t pass the examination……………you study more.
A. as long as
B. if
C. unless
D. whether
12. Please let me know as soon as possible if he ………….. to come.
A. should decide
B. decides
C. deciding
D. had decided
13. If I had enough money, ……………………..
A. I will buy that house.
B. I’d have bought that house.
C. I could buy that house.
D. I can buy that house.
14……………………. I rich, I would help you.
A. were
B. was
C. am
D. been
15. I didn’t listen to him and I didn’t succeed.
A. if I listened to him, I would have succeeded.
B. if I had listened to him, I’d have succeeded.
C. if I had listened to him, I would succeed.
D. if I listened to him, I would succeed.
16. If they had gone for a walk, they ……………………. the lights off.
A. had turned
B. would have turn
C. would turn
D. would have turned
17. Would you mind if I ……………………. the window?
A. closed
B. closing
C. had closed
D. would close
18. If you had tried your best, you ……………………. disappointed about the result
now.
A. won’t be
B. wouldn’t be
C. wouldn’t have
D. wouldn’t have been
19. If I had enough money, ……………………..
A. I will buy that house.
B. I’d have bought that house.
C. I could buy that house.
D. I can buy that house.
20. I didn’t listen to him and I didn’t succeed.
A. If I listened to him, I would have succeeded.
B. If I had listened to him, I’d have succeeded.
C. If I had listened to him, I would succeed.
D. If I listened to him, I would succeed.
21. ……………………., he would not have had the accident yesterday.
A. If Peter driven more carefully
B. If had Peter driven more carefully
C. Had Peter driven more carefully
D. If Peter not had driven more carefully
22. ……………………. I rich, I would help you.
A. Were
B. Was
C. Am
D. Been
23.……………………. you run into Peter, tell him to call me.
A. Are
B. Should
C. Been
D. Will
24. Had I known her, I……………………. friend with her.
A. make
B. would make
C. will make
D. would have made
25. Were I……………………. learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
A. to
B. for
C. in
D. with
Part 3: Verb tenses
1. You …….................(have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
2. If you …............................ (swim) in this lake, you‘ll shiver from the cold.
3. The door will unlock if you ……...................... (press) the green button.
4. If Mel ….....…............ (ask) her teacher, he‘d have answered her questions.
5. I …….................. (call) the office if I was/were you.
6. If we meet at 9:30, we …….......................(have) plenty of time.
7. Lisa would find the milk if she ……....................... (look) in the fridge.
8. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she …….................... (feed)
the animals.
9. If you spoke louder, your classmates ……..................... (understand) you.
10. If I …….......................... (play) better, I might have won.

Part 4: Rewrite the sentence as an inversion conditional sentence

1. If we go by train, it will be cheaper.
2. If Lan doesn’t hurry, she will be late.

3. If the weather is rainy, we will stay at home.

4. If I had a map, I would lend it to you.

5. If you had told me, I could have helped you.

6. If I were your mother, I would insist you study harder.

7. If our leader calls, let me know immediately.

8. If I were a millionaire, I would buy that modern villa.

9. If you had known my boss, you would have thought he was talented.

10. If it hadn’t been for the thief, I wouldn’t have bought a new mobile phone

Part 5: Verb tenses with mixed conditionals

1. My daughter ….....…........(play) the violin well now if in the past, she ……........
(practice) every day.
2. If she ……........ (pay) attention to the lessons last week, she ……............ (do) the
test now.
3. I ……............. (make) pizza now if this morning we ……..................(buy) all the
ingredients.
4. If you ……............. (clean) your room this morning, it ……............. (be) clean now.
5. If she ……............ (do) her homework last night, the teacher …….......... (not scold)
her now.
6. If we ……..........(buy) that car last month, we …….......... (go) to work
conveniently now.
7. His son ……...............(not have) sore eyes now if he …….................. (not play)
computer games for too long this afternoon.
8. She …........................ (not feel) exhausted now if she .........................(not swim) for
nearly 2 hours.
9. If my daughter ……...................(call) her dad last night, she …….......... (not miss)
him now.
10. If that man …….............. (win) the lottery last month, …….................(have) an
easier life now.

Part 6:
1. We (have) ________________enough time if we wanted to see the castle.
2. In case you (buy) _______________ a car, will you teach me to drive?
3. She (get) ______________ angry if you had told her.
4. If they (support) ________________ our product when we asked them, they would
get a discount now.
5. Even if I (ask) ______________ him, he won't come.
6. It will be a disaster unless Joyce (help) ______________ us.
7. If you (have) _____________ something to eat in the morning, you wouldn't feel
sick now.
8. I wouldn't risk it if I (be) ______________ you.
9. The chicken isn't very good. It (taste) ______________ better if you had put some
spices on it
10. I won't go to the dance unless you (join) ______________ me.
11. If I got the job, I (be) ______________ grateful to you.
12. Unless she (fail) ______________ the test she will get her driving licence next
week.
13. We (not be) _______________ angry if you had refused the dinner.
14. If I were you, I (not take) ______________ it.
15. If Ken (not mend) ________________ the car, who will do it?
16. If I (not be) _______________ in a hurry when I got up, I wouldn't catch the train.
17. She won't finish it on time if she (not start) ________________ right now.
18. Had I driven slowly, I (not crash) ________________.
19. She would get fat if she (not stop) ________________ eating.
20. Had he not let me know, I (not collect) ________________him at the airport
tomorrow morning. (not collect)
21. If you take my advice, you (be) ________________ happy.
22. What would you do if you (be) ________________me?
23. If you (lend) ________________ me some books I will give them back in two
weeks.
24. I (send) ________________ her a letter if I had found her address.
25. She the bread if she hadn't been hungry.
26. If she (come) ________________ here I will tell her about the film.
27. I will be unhappy if you (leave) ________________ me.
28. If you hadn't been so crazy you (not/buy) _______________ this expensive house.
29. If the sun (shine) ________________ I will go to the beach.
30. If I (win) ________________ the lottery I would leave my country.