CONDITIONAL

SENTENCE
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (CONDITIONAL SENTENCE)
• Câu điều kiện được sử dụng để diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra khi 1
hành động khác xảy ra như một điều kiện tất yếu. Nói một cách đơn
giản, câu điều kiện là dạng câu “Nếu… thì…”.

• Mệnh đề sau “if” chứa hành động làm điều kiện được gọi là mệnh đề
điều kiện.

• Mệnh đề kết quả được gọi là mệnh đề chính.

Ex: If I have more time, I will help you.

MĐĐK MĐC
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (CONDITIONAL SENTENCE)
Các loại câu điều kiện chính:

• Loại 0 (type 0): Diễn tả một sự thật hoặc một chân lý hoặc đưa ra lời giả định, yêu cầu,
đề nghị.

• Loại 1 (type 1): Diễn tả 1 hành động có thể có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai (real in the
present or future).

• Loại 2 (type 2): Diễn tả 1 hành động không có thật ở hiện tại (unreal in the present).

• Loại 3 (type 3): Diễn tả 1 hành động không có thật ở quá khứ (unreal in the past).
Câu điều kiện loại 0 (type 0): Diễn tả một sự thật hoặc
một chân lý hoặc đưa ra lời giả định, yêu cầu, đề nghị.

If S + V(present simple), S + V(present simple)

hoặc S + V(present simple) if S + V(present simple)

Example:
If plants don’t get enough water, they die.
Tell Bill to meet me at the cinema if he phones.
 Loại 1 (type 1): Diễn tả 1 hành động có thể có thật ở
hiện tại hoặc tương lai (real in the present or future).

If S + V (present simple), S + will/can/shall/may

+ V(infinitive)
hoặc S + will/can/shall/may + V(infinitive) if S + V

(present simple)
Example:
If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.
That glass may break if you drop it.
 Loại 2 (type 2): Diễn tả 1 hành động không
có thật ở hiện tại (unreal in the present).

If S + V_ed/irregular (past simple), S +

could/would/should/might + V(infinitive)
hoặc S + could/would/should/might + V(infinitive)

if S + V_ed/irregular (past simple)

Example:
If I were you, I would not open that door.
We could go to the park if the weather wasn’t so bad.
 Loại 3 (type 3): Diễn tả 1 hành động không
có thật ở quá khứ (unreal in the past).

If S + had + P2 (past perfect), S +

could/would/should/might + have + P2
hoặc S + could/would/should/might + have + P2 if

S + had + P2 (past perfect)

Example:
If he had studied harder, he would have passed that exam.
Sarah would have married Tim if she hadn’t got a job in
London.
Lưu ý:
• Trong mệnh đề điều kiện, ta có thể thay “IF” (nếu)
thà nh “UNLESS” (nếu khô ng, trừ khi).
• UNLESS = IF … NOT…
Mộ t số lưu ý khi chuyển câ u từ “if” sang “unless”:

IF + S + V thể phủ định → UNLESS + S + V thể khẳng định,

mệnh đề chính không thay đổi

IF + S + V thể khẳng định → UNLESS + S + V thể khẳng định,

mệnh đề chính chuyển thành thể phủ định
Example:
1. If you don’t study hard, you will fail in the exam.
→ Unless you study hard, you will fail in the exam.
2. If she doesn’t water this tree, it will die.
→ Unless she waters this tree, it will die.
3. If I have time, I will help you.
→ I won’t help you unless I have time.
4. If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster.
→ Unless we had more rain, our crops wouldn’t grow
faster.
PRACTISE EXERCISES
will give

would type
would have visited

attended
knew

had arrived
had

hadn‘t seen
studies
would you have accepted?

grow / will grow

stopped

would you do

doesn‘t hurry

had tried

wouldn‘t run
Will you
promise
see

will arrest

had spoken
1. Unless you are careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
2. I’ll bring you another unless you like this one.

3. I’ll not be able to do any work unless I have a quiet room.

4. She will be late unless she hurries.

5. Our crops wouldn’t be better unless we have more rain.

6. The crops wouldn’t have been ruined unless the flood had risen higher.

7. Unless you had sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there.

8. Unless she did her hair differently, she wouldn’t look quite nice.

9. Unless John had played for our football team, we would have lost the game.

10. Unless I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d not give up my job.
1. If you don’t keep silent, you will wake the baby up.
2. I wouldn’t call a policeman if you left immediately.

3. If I knew her number, I would ring her up.

4. If you don’t go right now, you will be late for the train.

5. If she weren’t often absent from class, she could keep pace
with her classmates.
6. If I had known her address, I would have written to Alice.
7. If I knew the answer, I could tell you.

8. If we had had a map, we wouldn’t have got lost.

9. If his friend hadn’t been so late, they wouldn’t have missed the
train.

10. If today were Sunday, the pupils could go swimming.

11. If it hadn’t rained heavily, everybody would have gone out.
12. If this chair weren’t too heavy, he could move it.
13. If he hadn’t gone out in the rain last night, he wouldn’t have had a
flu.
14. If there weren’t the church bells, I could sleep.

15. If we do morning exercises, we will feel better.

15. If we didn’t do morning exercises, we wouldn’t feel better.
16. If you don’t stop talking, you won’t understand the lesson.
17. If the boy wasn’t so young, he could go to school.

18. If we didn’t have the fridge, the food would spoil.

19. If I were you, I would study hard.

20. If I were you, I would stop smoking.