CHUYÊN ĐỀ

CONDITITONAL SENTENCES
DÀNH CHO HỌC SINH KHỐI 10 HỆ 7 NĂM (HỌC SINH KHỐI 10 HỆ 10 NĂM THAM KHẢO
THÊM)
Giải thích: - Hệ 7 năm: Chương trình chuẩn hay còn gọi là chương trình cơ bản/cũ.
- Hệ 10 năm: Chương trình thí đểm hay còn gọi là chương trình mới.
* MỤC TIÊU: Qua bài này, học sinh cần nắm vững, biết vận dụng câu điều kiện các loại và những biến thể
tương ứng.
* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT TRỌNG TÂM
A. ÔN TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)

1. Ôn tập câu điều kiện loại 1: diễn tả hành động có thể xảy Ví dụ:
ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. -If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you.
Công thức: - Should you come into my garden, my dog will bite
If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will/shall/can/may/must/have you.
to/should + V (bare)
Đảo ngữ:
Should + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V (bare)

2. Ôn tập câu điều kiện loại 2: diễn tả hành động không thể Ví dụ:
xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. - If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
Công thức: - Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian
If + S + V (past sub.), S + would/could/might + V (bare) book.
Đảo ngữ:
Were + S + to + V (bare), S + would/could/might + V (bare)

3. Ôn tập câu điều kiện loại 3: diễn tả hành động không thể Ví dụ:
xảy ra ở quá khứ. - If he had trained hard, he would have won the
Công thức: match.
If + S + had + pp, S + would/could/should/might + have + pp - Had he trained hard, he would have won the match.
Đảo ngữ:
Had + S + pp, S + would/could/should/might + have + pp

* NOTES: Điều kiện loại ZERO: Diễn tả diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra nếu điều kiện
được đáp ứng hoặc diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một kết quả tất yếu xảy ra.

If + S + V (hiện tại), S + V (hiện tại) Ví dụ:

- If it rains, the grass gets wet.
- If you heat ice, it melts.

B. TÌM HIỂU MỘT SỐ DẠNG ĐIỀU KIỆN PHỐI HỢP/ PHA TRỘN ( MIXED CONDITIONALS)
- Type 3-2: Hành động xảy ra ở quá khứ, để lại kết quả 1. She went to bed late last night, so she is tired now.
ở hiện tại If she hadn’t gone to bed late last night, she wouldn’t be
IF CLAUSE: HAD + PP tired now.
MAIN CLAUSE: WOULD / COULD … + BARE INF. 2. They need to work hard now because they were
lazy last week.
If they hadn’t been lazy last week, they wouldn’t need to
work hard now.
- Type 2-3: Hành động xảy ra ở quá khứ, điều kiện vẫn 1. He doesn’t like football, so he didn’t join the team
còn đúng ở hiện tại. yesterday.
IF CLAUSE: PAST SUBJUNCTIVE If he liked football, he would have joined the team.
MAIN CLAUSE: WOULD/COULD … + HAVE + PP 2. He didn’t get married to her as he doesn’t love her.
He would have got married to her if he loved her.

C. CONDITIONALS: OTHER EXPRESSIONS

1. Unless = If………..not……. Nếu không, trừ phi
- If he got here late, he would miss the train.
 Unless he got here in time, he would miss the train.
- If I had studied hard, I would have understood the lecturer.
 Unless I had been lazy, I would have understood the lecturer.
2. Provided (that): Miễn là
- Provided that my mother gives me money, I will go on a trip to Paris with my friends.
= If my mother gives me money, I will go on a trip to Paris with my friends.
3. On condition (that): Trong điều kiện
- On condition that the weather is bad, our flight will be delayed.
= If the weather is bad, our flight will be delayed.
4. As long as, so long as: miễn là
- As long as he agrees, I will move to his house.
= So long as he agrees, I will move to his house. / If he agrees, I will move to his house.
5. Suppose/supposing, what if: giả sử
- Suppose/supposing and what if can replace if (everyday conversation) and are often used without a main clause:
Suppose/supposing you won the lottery, what would you do?
Suppose/supposing you can't find a job? / What if you are not accepted to university? What will you do then?
6. Imagine: Tưởng tượng rằng
- Imagine you are on the moon, what will you do? / If you are on the moon, what will you do?
7. IF and WHEN: When có thể thay thế if trong điều kiện loại zero
- If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils. / When you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
(In the other types of conditionals, we cannot use when instead of if.)
8. EVEN IF / ONLY IF: Ngay cả khi / Chỉ khi nào mà
Even if emphasises that something will happen, would happen or would have happened whatever the condition
- Even if we leave right now, we still won't catch the train.
I wouldn't go into the water even if I could swim.
Even if we had booked our flight earlier, it wouldn't have been cheaper.
Only if makes the condition more restrictive
- Acetaminophen is dangerous to children only if dosage is too high.
If the if-clause is first, the subject and the auxiliary in the main clause are inverted:
Only if you like classical music is it worth coming tonight.
9. IF IT WEREN'T FOR / IF IT HADN'T BEEN FOR, BUT FOR: Nếu không nhờ
- If it weren't for Miguel, we wouldn't know what to do now. (Without Miguel...)
If it hadn't been for your foolishness, we wouldn't have got lost. (If you hadn't been such a fool...)
But for your help, I would have been in big trouble. (Without your help... / If you hadn't helped me...)
10. IF IN DOUBT, IF POSSIBLE, IF NECESSARY etc. Nếu còn nghi ngờ / Nếu có thể / Nếu cần
- We can make the if-clause shorter by omitting the subject and the verb be
If (you are) in doubt, consult a dictionary.
In certain idiomatic expressions, the subject and be are normally omitted
- If necessary, you can call Jake at home.
I'd like a seat by the window if possible.
11. IF SO, IF NOT: Nếu vậy / Nếu không
- If so and if not can stand for an if-clause which is understood from the context:
"According to the weather forecast, it might rain tomorrow." "If so, we'll go hiking another day."
I hope Peter gets here soon. If not, we'll have to start without him.
12. IN CASE (phòng khi) and IF: An in case-clause gives a reason while an if-clause describes a condition
- I'll buy a sandwich in case I get hungry. (I'll buy a sandwich because I may get hungry later.)
I'll buy a sandwich if I get hungry. (I'll buy a sandwich when I get hungry.)
- We can use should after in case: Take an umbrella in case it should rain.
13. Assuming that (in the possible situation that): cho rằng
- Assuming (that) you're right, we should turn left here.
14. otherwise (if not): Nếu không thì
- Let's hope the weather improves. Otherwise (If it doesn't) we'll have to cancel the picnic.
15. whether...or not (it doesn't matter which of these situations): Dù … có … hay không
- Whether governments like it or not, they have to give more aid to the developing world.

PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP MẪU

Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings
1. I'll buy a new hat. I'll give it to you.
If______________________________.
2. Today isn't Sunnday. The pupils can't go swimming.
If______________________________.
3. He wasn't here. He didn't have a lot of fun.
If______________________________.
4. My brother will have enough money. He will buy a bicycle.
If______________________________.
5. He didn't have time. He didn't read this novel.
If______________________________.
6. Because she missed the bus, she was late.
If______________________________.
7. Peter doesn't study hard, so he can't get good marks.
If______________________________.
8. My sister is absent from her class because she has a terrible headache.
If______________________________.
9. Windy didn't come, so we cancelled the meeting.
If______________________________.
10. He was angry, so he didn't say anything.
If______________________________.

Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct forms.

1. If it had not rained, we (go)_______ camping.
2. If he (speak)_______ more slowly, I could have understood him.
3. What_______you (do)_______ if you were a mokey?
4. If he had listened carefully, he (perform)_______well in his examination.
5. If I find your book, I (give)_______ it to you.
6. If you came with us, you (have)_______ a good time.
7. If I (not/miss)_______ the bus, I could have come early.
8. If I took a trip this summer, I (go)_______ to DatLat.
9. If he (not/steal)_______ the wallet, he (not/be)_______ in prison now.
10. If they (invite)_______ yesterday, I (have)_______ a good day tomorrow.
11. We (go)_______ swimming if it (be)_______ a good day tomorrow.
12. If the weather (be)_______ nice last day, I (go)_______ for a walk.
13. My dog will barks if he (hear)_______ anything unusual.
14. If he (not/ come)_______ come soon, I won’t wait.
15. If the phone (ring)_______, can you answer it?
16. If it rains this evening, I (not/will)_______ go out.
17. If he (come)_______, she will feel surprised.
18. If we had had enough money, we (buy)_______ that house.
19. If I (know) _______ there was a test yesterday, I (study) ______.
20. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) ________ more slowly.

PHẦN III: BÀI TẬP ĐỀ NGHỊ (50 CÂU)

1. If you fail the GCSE examination, you ….. not be allowed to take the entrance examination to the
university.
A. will B. would C. did D. are
2. If you ….. 5 minutes late, you won’t be able to get into the examination room.
A. will be B. were C. are D. would be
3. If you ….. the application form after deadline, you will not be able to take the entrance exam.
A. send B. will send C. would send D. sent
4. ….. he passes the final exam, he will apply for the Ho Chi Minh Technology University.
A. Unless B. If C. As long as D. Both B and C
5. If she spoke English well, she ….. that job.
A. will offer B. will be offered C. would offer D. would be offered
6. He would get mark 10 if he ….. again the paper. He made one mistake in it.
A. read B. is reading C. reads D. will read
7. If I ….. get a car sick, I would go there with you.
A. won’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t
8. I ….. you a letter if I had known your address.
A. would have sent B. would send C. will send D. sent
9. If you ….. the front door carefully, the thieves wouldn’t have broken into your house.
A. have locked B. locked C. would lock D. had locked
10. If I ….. by her, I would have come to see her while I was in Dalat.
A. had invited B. had been invited C. were invited D. have invited
11. If you ......................... told us about the bad service, we would have eaten there.
A. hadn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t have
12. If that hat costs much, I_____ a small one.
A. would have bought B. will buy C. bought D. would buy
13. If you_____ more carefully, you wouldn’t have had so many accidents.
A. drive B. drove C. had driven D. driven
14. If I_____ that mistake again, my teacher will get angry with me.
A. make B. makes C. made D. had made
15. If I spoke English, my job_____ a lot easier.
A. was B. were C. will be D. would be
16. If he_____ to London yesterday, _____ his old friend.
A. went/would meet B. go/would meet
C. had gone / would have met D. went / would have met
17. If he ___ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A. had had B. had C. has D. has had
18. If I had enough money, I ___ abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. would go C. should go D. should have to go
19. If it ___ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
A. be B. is C. was D. were
20. If you ___ time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
21. If it ___ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic.
A. rains B. will rain C. shall rain D. raining
’
22. If you hadn t watched that late mivie last night, you ___ sleepy now.
A. wouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t be
C. might have not been D. wouldn’t have been being
23. If you ___ as I told you, you ___ sorry now.
A. did- would not be B. had done- had not been
C. do – would not be D. had done – would not be
24. If only I ___ him now.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. seen
’
25. If I ___, I ll let you know.
A. am staying B. will stay C. do stay D. would stay
26. If only I ___ you wanted to invest money in business.
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
27. Linda wishes she ___her car.
A. hasn’t sold B. hadn’t sold C. doesn’t sell D. won’t sell
28. He looked frightened as if he___a ghost.
A. had seen B. saw C. would see D. was seeing
29. I wish it ___ a holiday today.
A. were B. will be C. is D. had been
30. “My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus. “___, we would have picked
you up.”
A. Had we known B. If we have known C. We had known D. If we did know
31. If I ___ as young as you are, I ___ in a boat round the world.
A. were- would sail B. would be – would sail C. were- will sail D. would- would sail
32. If he___tickets yesterday, he ___ on the beach now.
A. had booked- would be lying B. had booked- would have lied
C. booked – would lie D. books- will lie
33. If you ___ less last night, you ___ so bad today.
A. had drunk- would not have felt B. drank- would not feel
C. had drunk- would not feel D. would have drunk- would not feel
34. It seemed as if he ___ of it before.
A. would never hear B. has never heard C. never heard D. had never heard
35. ___ today, she would get home by Friday.
A. Would she leave B. Was she leaving C. Were she to leave D. If she leaves
36. “He’s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I ___ his courage.”
A. have B. had C. will have D. would have
37. ___he___ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize.
A. Had – not studied B. Had- studied C. Didn’t study D. If – had studied
’
38. We re going to be late if ___.
A. we not leave right now B. we didn’t leave right now
’
C. we won t leave right now D. we don’t leave right now
39. “I wish this city___ so noisy.” “I know. I wish we ___ in the countryside.”
A. isn’t – live B. wasn’t – live C. weren’t- live D. weren’t – lived
40. He acted as though he___ for days.
A. not eat B. hasn’t eaten C. hadn’t eaten D. didn’t eat
’
41. We ___ the game if we d had a few more minutes.
A. might have won B. won C. had won D. will win
42. I ___ William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.
A. hadn’t brought B. didn’t bring C. wouldn’t have brought D. won’t bring
’
43. If you ___ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn t be in this mess right now.
A. listen B. will listen C. had listened D. listened
44. ___ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
A. Were I B. Should I C. I was D. If I am
45. I ___ you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A. would have visited B. visited C. had visited D. visit
46. ___ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.
A. Had I known B. Did I know C. If I know D. If I would know
47. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ___ the same language?
A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak
’
48. Unless you ___ all of my questions, I can t do anything to help you.
A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering
49. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I ___ it.
A. would never have believed B. don’t believe
’
C. hadn t believed D. can’t believe
50. If Jake ___ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree

* HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC:

- Read the theory of Conditional sentences and do all the given exercises again.
- Do the exercises in your textbook.
Các em tham khảo các loại câu điều kiện qua đường link sau:
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FH3ThwR99LM
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OHTUNGCQFw
- Describe your daily life:
1. Write 3 sentences using Condtional sentence type 1. 
2. Write 3 sentences using Condtional sentence type 2. 
3. Write 5 sentences using Condtional sentence type 3. 
4. Write 5 sentences using Mixed condtionals. 
5. Write 5 sentences using other types of Condtional sentences.