CONDITIONAL SENTENCES



- Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần: Một phần nêu lên điều kiện và một phần còn lại nêu lên kết
quả hay được gọi là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả.
Ex: If it rains, I will stay at home.
You will pass the exam if you work hard .
- Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chỗ được cho nhau
Ex: : I’ll pick you up at the park if you phone me.
If you phone me I’ll pick you up at the park.
Các loại câu điều kiện

If clause Main clause

Type 1
S + V ( do/does) S + V (will do)
S + V ( present) S + V (present)
S + V ( present) S + V (imperative)

 Dự đoán một kết quả có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai nếu điều
kiện được đáp ứng. Ex: If it is sunny ,we will go to the beach .
 Diễn tả lời cảnh báo. Ex: If you drop it, it will break.
 Diễn tả lời hứa. Ex: I’ll pick you up at the park if you phone me.
 Note : Should có thể sử dụng thay cho will trong mệnh đề chính.
Ex: If you visit Oxford ,you should see some interesting old buildings.
 Unless ( trừ phi) = If … not
Ex: Unless you watch the football match, your father will be able to see his
favourite play.( =If you do not watch the football match, your father will be
able to see his favourite play)
Type 2 S + V ( past simple) S + would/could +( not) + V infinitive

 Nói đến một điều không có thực ,hay khó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc
tương lai, ước muốn ở hiện tại ( nhưng thực tế không ther xảy ra)
Ex:If Marry were here ,she would be very happy( In fact ,she isn’t here now.)
If he left her,he would be happier .( The fact is he is not going to leave her)
 Nói đến một tình huống giả định trong hiện tại.
Ex: If she lived by the sea,she would learn to swim.( In fact,she doesn’t live
by the sea)
 Dùng để khuyên hay đề nghị ai đó làm gì.
Ex: If I were you ,I would leave her.
Type 3 S + V ( past perfect) S + would /could + (not) + have + Vpp
 Nói về các sự kiện và kết quả không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ - mang
tính ước muốn trong quá khứ ( nhưng thực tế không thể xảy ra).
Ex:If he had had much time ,he would have finished all the test.
( In fact, he didn’t have much time , so he didn’t finish all the test)
If they had had enough money, they would have bought that villa.
 ( In fact , they didn’t have enough money, so they didn’t buy that villa)
 Biểu lộ sự nuối tiếc một sự việc gì đó đã nên hoặc đã không nên xảy ra
trong quá khứ.
Ex: If I had known there was no more work to do, I would have stayed in
bed.
(In fact, I didn’t know…, so I didn’t stay in bed)
Mixed type S + V ( past simple) (có thật ở QK) S + Will/may/can + ( not) + V0
S + V ( past subjunctive/ simple past/ were ) S + would +have +( not) + Ved/cot 3
(không thật ở Hiện Tại)
S + V ( past perfect) (không thật ở QK) S + would +( not) + V0

 Diễn tả một hành động trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả vẫn còn kéo dài
đến hiện tại (now).
 Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại dẫn dến tình huống không thật ở quá
khứ.
 Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ dẫn dến tình huống không thật ở
hiện tại.
Ex1: If they worked hard last night, They will be very tired now.
Ex2: He is not a good student. He didn’t study for the test yesterday
If he were a good student, he would have studied for the test
Ex3: I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I would not be hungry now.

 Zero type: gồm hai mệnh đề ,một mệnh đề If và một mệnh đề chính (Trong phần lớn các
câu điều kiện loại zero ,chúng ta có thể sử dụng When hoặc If mà nghĩa của câu vẫn giữ
nguyên). Câu điều kiện loại zero thường dùng để chỉ sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex: If / When you heat water to 100 degrees ,it boils.
Note : Cách chuyển câu điều kiện:
1. Nếu câu giả định là khẳng định thì khi chuyển qua câu điều kiện phải là phủ định,và
ngược lại.
Ex: I don’t know her number ,so I don’t ring her up.
 If I knew her number I would ring her up .
They drive carelessly .They get some prolem .
 If they didn’t drive carelessly they wouldn’t get some prolem.
2. Nếu câu giả định ở thì hiện tại thì sẽ chuyển thành câu điều kiện lọai 2,và Nếu câu giả
định ở thì quá khứ thì sẽ chuyển thành câu điều kiện lọai 3.
Ex: I don’t know the answer ,so I can’t tell you.( câu giả định ở thì hiện tại )
 If I knew the answer I could tell you.( type 2)
Ex: I didn’t watch TV last night because I was busy (câu giả định ở thì quá khứ)
 If I had been busy I would have watched TV last night .( type 3)
3. Result -BECAUSE - reason If reason ,result
Ex: I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address.
 If I had known her address I could have written to Alice .
Reason – SO – result If Reason, result
Ex: I don’t know the answer ,so I can’t tell you
 If I knew the answer I could tell you
4. With/ Without + N = If there + were + not + N (phrase), S + could/would not + V0
If S + had +not + V pp, S + could/would not + have + Vpp
Ex: Without the sun , man would live in the darkness .
 If there were not the sun , man would live in the darkness.
Ex: Without your money, I wouldn’t have bought a new bicycle.
If you hadn’t given me money, I wouldn’t have bought a new bicycle.
Ex: If you help me, I can finish this asignment
 With your help, I can finish this asignment
5. Imperative or S+ V If S2 + V, S2 + V
Ex: Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision.
 If you aren’t calm , you’ll make a wrong decision
6. Even if = even though (dù là, cho là)
Ex: You must go tommorrow even if you aren’t ready.
7. Whether … = if …or
Ex: You must go tommorrow whether you are ready or not .
8. But for = if it were not for/ if it hadn’t been for + N (phrase)(nếu không).
Ex: My father pay s my fees.But for that I wouldn’t be here.
The car broke down.But for that we would have been in time.
9. Otherwise = if this doesn’t happen/didn’t happen/hadn’t happened (nếu không)
Ex: I used my calculator ; otherwise I’d have been taken longer
= If I hadn’t used my calculator I’d have been taken longer
10. Provided( that); on condition (that);as long as;so long as (miễn là ,với điều kiện là)
Ex:You can camp here provided you leave no mess.
11. Suppose/supposing… ? = What if …? ;imagine (that) = Suppose ( giả sử)
Ex:Suppose the plane is late ?= What if/ What will happen if the plane is late?
Imagine we live on a desert island ,what things would we really need = ( If we lived …)
12. In case ( phòng khi,trong trường hợp)
Ex:Take an umbrella because it might rain = In case it rains , take an umbrella.
 In case of + noun = if there is a/an noun
Ex: In case of accident phone 999 = if there is an accident phone 999.
13.If so/ If not ( Nếu thế ,nếu không như thế) dùng sau dấu chấm.
Ex: There is a posibility that Jane refuses our offer.If so ,we’ll have to find another person =(
If Jane refuses our offer,we’ll… )
Perhaps Tom won’t come .If not , I’ll take his place =( If Tom doesn’t come,I’ll…)
Dạng đảo ngược câu điều kiện:
Type1: If you should require anything …= Should I require anything …
Type 2: If I were in his shoes… = Were I in his shoes…
Note : Trong trường hợp mệnh dề If không có từ WERE, thì WERE TO được thêm vào
trước khi thực hiện đảo ngữ. Cần chú ý động từ chính trong mệnh đề IF sau khi đảongữ là
động từ nguyên mẫu (V0)
Ex: If I had more time, my report would be better.
Thêm were to : If I were to have more time, my report would be better.
Đảo ngữ : Were I to have more time, my report would be better.
Type 3: If you had known … = Had you known…
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the corect forms
1. If I see him, I _____ (give) him a lift.
2. The table will collapse if you ____ (stand) on it.
3. If he ____ (eat) all that he will be ill.
4. If I find your passport, I _____ (telephone) you at once.
5. The police _____ (arrest) him if they catch him.
6. If he _____ (read) in bad light, he will ruin his eyes.
7. Someone _____ (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.
8. What will happen if my parachute _____ (not open)?
9. If he (wash) my car, I’ll give him £10.
10. If she (need) a radio, she can borrow mine.
11. If you (not go) away, I’ll send for the police.
12. I’ll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes.
13. If he (be) late, we’ll go without him.
14. She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) about this.
15. If you put on the kettle, I (make) the tea.
16. If you give my dog a bone, he (bury) it at once.
17. If we leave the car here, it (not be) in anybody’s way.
18. He’ll be late for the train if he (not start) at once.
19. If you come late, they (not let) you in.
20. If he (go) on telling lies, nobody will believe a word he says.
21. Unless he (sell) more, he won’t get much commission.
22. If I lend you £10 when you (repay) me?
23. We’ll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher.
24. If he (work) hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow?
25. Ice (turn) to water if you heat it.
26. If the house (burn) down, we can claim compensation.
27. If you (not like) this one, I’ll bring you another.
28. Unless you are more careful, you (have) an accident.
29. Tell him to ring me up if you (see) him.
30. If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else?
31. If you (not believe) what I say, ask your mother.
32. If he (like) the house will be buy it?
33. If you will kindly sit down, I (make) enquiries for you.
34. Unless I have a quiet room, I (not be able) to do any work.
35. She won’t open the door unless she (know) who it is.
36. Should you require anything else please (ring) the bell for the attendant.
37. If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself.
38. If I (know) his address, I’d give it to you.
39. He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often.
40. If you (play) for lower stakes, you wouldn’t lose so much.
41. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes.
42. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you.
43. More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate.
44. If I were sent to prison, you (visit) me?
45. If someone (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it?
46. I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money.
47. If he (clean) his windscreen, he’d be able to see where he was going.
48. If you drove your car into the river, you (be able) to get out?
49. If you (not belong) to a union, you couldn’t get a job?
50. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
51. What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house?
52. I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek.
53. If everybody (give) £1, we would have enough.
54. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.
55. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not come).
56. If you (see) someone drowning what would you do?
57. I (be) ruined if I bought her everything she asked for.
58. If you slept under a mosquito net, you (not be) bitten so often.
59. I could get a job easily if I (have) a degree.
60. If she (do) her hair differently, she might look quite nice.
61. If we had more rain, our crops (grow) faster.
62. The whole machine would fall to pieces if you (remove) that screw
63. I (keep) a horse if I could afford it.
64. I’d go and see him more often if he (live) on a bus route.
65. If they (ban) the sale of alcohol at football matches, there might be less violence.
66. I (offer) to help if I thought I’d be any use.
67. What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors?
68. If you (paint) the walls white, the room would be much brighter.
69. If you (change) your job, would it affect your pension?
70. If you knew you had only six weeks to live how you (spend) those six weeks?
71. You wouldn’t have so much trouble with your car if you (have) it serviced regularly.
72. I’d climb over the wall if there (not be) so much broken glass on it.
73. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you.
74. The ground was very soft. But for that, my horse (win).
75. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
76. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week.
77. But for his quickness, I (be) killed.
78. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes.
79. If he had slipped, he (fall) 500 meters.
80. If he had asked you, you (accept)?
81. If I (had) a map, I would have been all right.
82. If I (know) that you were coming, I’d have baked a cake.
83. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill.
84. If you had left that was alone, it (not sting) you.
85. If I (realize) what a bad driver you were, I wouldn’t have come with you.
86. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red I (stop).
87. But for the fog we (reach) our destination ages ago.
88. If you had told me that he never paid his debts I (not lend) him the money.
89. If you (not sneeze) he wouldn’t have known that we were there.
90. If you (put) some mustard in the sandwiches they would have tasted better.
91. The hens (not get) into the house if you had shut the door.
92. If he had known that the river was dangerous, he (not try) to swim across it.
93. If you (speak) more slowly, he might have understood you.
94. If he had known the whole story, he (not be) so angry.
95. I shouldn’t have eaten it if I (know) that there was ginger in it.
96. If I (try) again I think that I would have succeeded.
97. You (not get) into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions.
98. If you hadn’t been in such a hurry, you (not put) sugar into the sauce instead of salt.
99. She had a headache; otherwise she (come) with us.
100. If I (be) ready when he called he would have taken me with him
101. If she had listened to my directions, she (not turn) down the wrong street.
102. If you (look) at the engine for a moment, you would have seen what was missing.
103. Rome (be captured) by her enemies if the geese hadn’t cackled.
104. He would have been arrested if he (try) to leave the country.
105.I (take) a taxi if I had realized that it was such a long way.
106. You (save) me a lot of trouble if you had told me where you were going.
107. They would have forced their way into the house if I (not call) for help.
108. If he had put out his pipe before putting it in his pocket, he (not burn) a hole in his
coat.
109. If you (find) a skeleton in the cellar don’t mention it to anyone.
110. If you pass your examination we (have) a celebration.
111. What (happen) if I press this button?
112. I should have voted for her if I (have) a vote then.
113. If you go to Paris where you (stay)?
114. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose)?
115. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) thick.
116. If the milkman (come) tell him to leave two pints.
117. Someone (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there.
118. You would play better bridge if you (not talk) so much.
119. What I (do) if I hear the burglar alarm?
120. If you (read) the instructions carefully you wouldn’t have answered the wrong
question.
121. I could repair the roof myself if I (have) a long ladder.
122. Unless they turn that radio off I (go) mad.
123. If you were made redundant what you (do)?
124. We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here.
125. If you shake that bottle of port it (not be) fit to drink.
126. I’ll probably get lost unless he (come) with me.
127. You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
128. If you (wear) a false beard nobody would have recognized you.
129. If she (leave) the fish there the car will get it.
130. Unless they leave a lamp beside that hole in the road somebody (fall) into it.
131. You’ll get pneumonia if you (not change) your wet clothes.
132. If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus I (not buy) it.
133. If they (hang) that picture lower people would be able to see it.
134. She (be able) to walk faster if her shoes hadn’t such high heels.
135. I (bring) you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
136. If you had touched that electric cable you (be) electrocuted.
137. If the story hadn’t been true the newspaper (not print) it.
138. I (not buy) things on the installment system if I were you.
139. Dial 999 if you (want) Police, Ambulance, or Fire Brigade.
140. You (not be) any use to me unless you learn to type.
141. If anyone attacked me, my dog (jump) at his throat.
142. If he were in he (answer) the phone.
143. The ship would have run around if the pilot (make) one mistake.
144. I shouldn’t have taken your umbrella if I (known) that it was the only one you had.
145. If I (have) time, I will write to him.
146. If it’s cold, I (need) a heavier coat.
147. What are you going to do if you (have) a holiday?
148. If I can go tomorrow, I (let) you know.
149. If I should meet Helen, I (give) her your message.
150. If flowers don’t get any water, they (die)
151. If I (get) a headache, I usually take some aspirins.
152. I will go to the party unless it (rain)
153. She will buy car as long as it (not be) too expensive.
154. Everything (be) all right provided you tell the truth.
155. If he (come), please tell him that I’ll be back in a few minutes.
156. Don’t come if they (not call) you.
157. If you (need) some help, why don’t you tell me?
158. Suppose you (win) a lot of money, what would you do?
159. If I got up earlier, I (not be) late for work.
160. If I didn’t feel so tired, I (go) out with you.
161.If you (pass) the exam, would you take it again?
162. If I (be) you, I would apply for the job.
163. I could repair the car if I (have) the right tools.
164. If I (study) hard, I would have passed the exam.
165. If I (not be) busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
166. She (go) to the university if she had had the opportunity.
167. Suppose they had offered her a job, do you think she (take) it?
168. If she hadn’t been ill yesterday, she (go) to work now.
169. If I (be) you, I wouldn’t have told him the truth yesterday.
170. If today were Monday, I (not go) to work yesterday.
171. What would happen if you (not go) to work tomorrow.
172. If I had gone to your party last night, I (be) very tired now.
173. Why didn’t you phone? If I (know) you were coming, I (meet) you at the airport.
174. It’s a pity you missed the party. If you (come), you (meet) my friends from
Hungary.
175. If we (have) some tools, we (be able) to repair the car, but we haven’t got any with
us.
176. Thank you for your help. If you (not help), I (not pass) the examination.
177. It’s a beautiful house, and I (buy) it if I (have) the money, but I can’t afford it.
178. I can’t imagine what I (do) with the money if I (win) the football pools or a lottery.
179. Mark isn’t a serious athlete. If he (train) harder, he (be) quite a good runner.
180. If Claire (listen) to her mother, she (not marry) David in the first place.
181. It rained every day on our holiday. If we (not take) the television with us, we (not
have) anything to do.
182. Jim is so untidy! If he (buy) some new clothes, he (not look) so bad.
183. The photograph would have been much better if it (be) lighter in the room.
184. He (die) if the surgeon hadn’t operated on him.
185. Please don’t disturb him if he (be) busy.
186. If ice (be) heavier than water, it wouldn’t float.
187. If you had strained your ears, you (hear) a slight noise in the bushes.
188. If you had done as I talk you, you (succeed)
189. If I followed his advice, I (be) a fool.
II. Rewrite these sentences, using an if construction.
1. Bich is worried because Trung looks at her
2. Be quiet or I’ll kill you
3. Nga doesn’t feel happy ,so she eats sweats.
4. If it doesn’t rain tonight, Thanh will go to bed early.(unless)
5. Hien doesn’t walk quickly because Hien is hungry.
6. Hurry up or I’ll go alone
7. Ngan cries so much because she is lonely.
8. If it isn’t nice, we’ll drink coffee.(unless)
9. My doesn’t have much money, so My can’t lend Nhan
10. Jack isn’t a fish so he can’t be a shark.
11. Chi doesn’t like Hai because he has white hair.
12. Be happy or you’ll die
13. Anh is absent from class regularly because Anh plays games
14. If Cuc and Vu don’t drink milk ,they won’t grow well. (unless)
15. Without love, people would die. (If there weren’t …)
16. People couldn’t live without money . (If there weren’t …)
16. An isn’t tall, so Vu doesn’t look at her.
17. People don’t talk to Jack because he is a dangerous man.
18. Everyone wouldn’t exist without the sunlight . (If there weren’t …)
19. Noi becomes happy because he has a gift from Ngan.
20. Unless Ha comes early, Hai will be angry.
21. Alex likes cats so she buys ten cats.
22. John is not a superman, so Sue can be an angel.
23. Unless it rains, Ann will ride her horse to school.
24. An doesn’t have wings , so she can’t fly to school.
25. Chi isn’t an ocean because Vu isn’t a boat.
26. Without plant, the earth wouldn’t exist.
27. I didn’t know you were coming to Ha Noi .That’s why I went on holiday.
28. The thief left his gloves at the scene. He was arrested.
29. She walked to the meeting so she was late .
30. Now, She is working at the factory, so she can’t meet you.
31. The woman didn’t say what she wanted, so I put the phone down.
32. Hurry up or we’ll go first.
33. I am not you, so I can’t help him.
34. He don’t speak clearly, so we can’t understand him.
35. You didn’t ask me, I didn’t explain it to you.
36. Laura doesn’t come .She can’t help us.
37. Remember to turn on the lights or you will be in the dark.
38. He didn’t have time, so he didn’t go with us.
39. I have to study .I can’t go to the movie with you.
40. They don’t lend me the money, so I don’t go in to business right way.
41. We didn’t have their phone number so we couldn’t call for them.
42. I am very busy, I don’t have time to read novels.
43. You have to wear raincoat or you will be wet.
44. I didn’t know your name, so I couldn’t introduce you with my friends.
45. The ancient happened because the driver in front stopped so quickly.
46. I didn’t wake George because I didn’t know he wanted to get up early.
47. I was able to buy the motorbike because Jim lent me the money.
48. She was injured in the crash because She was wearing a seat belt.
49. She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money on her.
50. Jim got to the bus stop in time, so he wasn’t late for his interview.
51. Debbie recommended the hotel to us, we stayed at this hotel.
52. You’re hungry now because you didn’t have breakfast.
53. He lost his money simply because he wasn’t careful.
54. He didn’t hurry so she missed the train.
55. We didn’t go because it rained.
56. Without this treatment, the patient would have died ( receive/get )
57. The accident happened because the train driver ignored a warning light.
58. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
59. Mr. Mills lost his job because he was late every day
60. John is fat because he eats so many chips.
61. Elizabeth got a bad cough because she started smoking cigarettes.
62. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.
63. My brother didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station.
64. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
65. Don’t complain any more or they’ll sack us
66. He often works overtime .His health is worse and worse.
67. Pay attention or you will not follow what teacher is explaining.
68. He wasted his youth playing games. That’s why he regrets now
69. Keep silent or you’ll wake up the baby up.
70. You don’t save electricity. You pay a lot of money.
71. He smoke too much; perhaps that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
72. She is very shy; that’s why she doesn’t enjoy parties.
73. He doesn’t take any exercise; that’s why he is so unhealthy.
74. I haven’t the right change so we can’t get tickets from the machine.
75. They speak French to her, not English, so her English, so her English doesn’t
improve.
76. He doesn’t work overtime, so he doesn’t earn as much as I do.
77. You didn’t tell me we had run out of bread, so I didn’t buy any.
78. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.
79. I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t ring.
80. She didn’t know you were in hospital, so she didn’t visit you.
81. We only came by bus because there were no taxis.
82. She didn’t speak to him, possibly because she was so shy
83. My number isn’t in the directory so people don’t ring me up
84. Landlord: she threatened to set fire to her flat; that’s the only reason I asked her to
leave.
85. We didn’t visit the museum because we hadn’t time.
86. I only came up the stairs because the lift wasn’t working.
87. The police are not armed so we don’t have gun battles in the streets.
88. The shops don’t deliver now, which makes life difficult.
89. He’s very thin; perhaps that’s why he feels the cold so much.
90. We haven’t any matches so we can’t light a fire.
91. We didn’t listen carefully; perhaps that’s why we made this mistake.
92. We got a lift, so we reached the station in time.
93. You washed it in boiling water; that’s why it shrank.
94. We missed the train because we were using an out-of-date timetable.
95. His own men deserted him; that’s the only reason why he failed.
96. They were driving very quickly. That’s why the accident was so terrible.
97. It was raining. That’s the only reason I didn’t take the children to the beach.
98. It’s a pity we haven’t a steak to cook over our camp fire.
99. I’m fat; that’s why I can’t get through the bathroom window.
100. He doesn’t help me, possibly because I never ask him for help.
101. I can’t drive so we can’t take the car.
102. We have no ladder so we can’t get over the wall.
103. My friend advised me to sell it. ( My friend said. ‘ If I … you I…’)
104. I haven’t much time so I read very little.
105. They don’t clean the windows so the rooms look rather dark.
106. He never polished his shoes, so he never looks smart.
107. He doesn’t pay his staff properly; perhaps that’s why they don’t work well.
108. When I bought this house I didn’t realize that in summer planes skimmed the roof
every five minutes. ( if I (knew) … I (not buy) etc.)
109. Tom’s father was on the Board. That’s the only reason het got the job.
110. He wasn’t looking where he was going. That’s why he was run over.
111. I don’t like country life, perhaps because I wasn’t brought up in the country.
112. I didn’t know he was so quarrelsome. I’m sorry now that I invited him.
113. It rained all the time. Perhaps that’s why he didn’t enjoy his visit.
114. I didn’t work hard at school so I didn’t get a good job when I left.
115. They used closed-circuit television. That’s how they spotted the shop-lifter.
116. They asked him to leave the dining-room because he wasn’t wearing a shirt.
117. It took us a long time to find his house because the streets were not clearly marked.
118. We didn’t go by air only because we hadn’t enough money.
119. The bus didn’t stop because you didn’t put your hand up.
120. He turned up at the interview looking so disreputable and unshaven that they didn’t
give him the job.
121. I didn’t know how thin the ice was, so I was walking on it quite confidently.
122. They champion didn’t take the fight seriously at first; perhaps that’s why he didn’t
win it.
123. We haven’t got central heating, so the house is rather cold.
124. I have no dog, so I don’t like being alone in the house at night.
125. He spends hours watching television; that’s why he never has time to do odd jobs in
the house.
126. I haven’t got a vacuum cleaner; that why’s I’m so slow.
127. I don’t know his address, so I can’t write to him.
128. He never shaves; that’s the only reason he looks unattractive.
129. “You work too fast; that’s why you make so many mistakes.
130. I can’t a long way from the centre; that’s why I am always late for work.
131. I haven’t a map so I can’t direct you.
132. People drive very fast. That’s why there are so many accidents.
133. English people speak very quickly. Perhaps that’s why I can’t understand them.
134. They got the children back alive only because they paid the ransom at once.
135. The examiner read the passage very quickly, so the candidates didn’t understand it.
136. They weren’t wearing life-jackets; perhaps that’s why they were drowned.
137. He didn’t get to the top of his profession, perhaps because his wife didn’t encourage
him.
138. My house is guarded by two Alsatian dogs. That’s the only reason it isn’t broken
into every night.
139. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.
140. You don’t wipe your feet, so you make muddy marks all over the floor.
141. I live near my office, so I don’t spend much time travelling to work.
142. The exit doors were blocked so people couldn’t escape from the burning hall.
143. The astronauts didn’t walk very far on the moon because they were hampered by the
thick dust.
144. You should take more exercise because that’s the way to get fit.
145. The accident happened because the driver in front of stopped so suddenly.
146. I haven’t got a key, so I can’t get in.
147. Throw a stone into water and it sinks.
148. I didn’t have any breakfast, and now I’m hungry.
149. Road travel is cheaper than rail travel in this country, so we have lost of traffic jams.
150. Martin failed his driving test last week. He was very nervous and that’s why he
failed.
151. You may want a chat, so just give me a ring.
152. I didn’t finish my report yesterday, so I can’t begin a new project today.
153. The wind is blowing hard, so I won’t take the boat out for a ride.
154. I’m sorry I disturbed you. I didn’t know you were busy.
155. It might rain. If it does, everyone can eat inside.
156. We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away.
157. Margaret wasn’t injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
158. I have to work tomorrow evening , so I can’t meet you.
159. I don’t know anything about plumbing, so I didn’t fix the leak in the sink myself.
160. Is Matthew going to enter the race? He’ll probably win it.
161. We should have bought that picture five years ago because it would be quite
valuable now.
162. I feel better now because you talked to me about my problems last night.
163. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.
164. Get out of my house, or I call the police.
165. We always ate in that restaurant whenever we visited our grandparents.
166. This area was hit by three successive storms; therefore, the damages are horrible
now.
167. You do the washing, and I’ll cook lunch
168. I didn’t hear anything about their plan, so I couldn’t give any of my comments.
169. I usually drink a glass of milk before bed, so I sleep very well.
170. The industrialization will demolish our earth. We need to stop it.
171. The Browns isn’t very rich. They couldn’t buy even a house last year.
172. Thanks for giving us the directions to the building, otherwise we couldn’t have
found it.
173. I don’t know anything about the film, otherwise I will tell you about it.
174. Our traffic condition is terrible, so our travelling is very difficult.
175. I’m sorry, I can’t go with you because I’m busy with my cleaning.
176. I didn’t reply your email because my email account had been hacked.
177. She isn’t at the conference because no one told her about it.
178. They have to take a test today, that’s why they couldn’t make the hiking trip
yesterday.
179. He can’t raise the hamster if his parents don’t allow him to. (Unless)
180. If I hadn’t called him last night, he wouldn’t have told me about his new job.
(Had…)
181. I could have submitted the files successfully with your instructions. (But for)
182. They can’t open the safe if they don’t know the secret code. (Unless)
183. I wouldn’t have finished arranging the furniture if your brother had helped me.
(Without)
184. I would make a lot of money if I invested in the real estate business. (Were)
185. The company isn’t permitted to operate because it doesn’t have a water recycling
system.
( Provided that…)
186. If I have time, I will visit Denmark some time next year. ( Should)
187. You have to renew your passport so that you can stay in this country for a longer
time.
(As long as)
188. If your dog were mine, I wouldn’t maltreat it the way you are doing.
189. If he enjoyed snowboarding, he may go on the vacation with you. (Should)
190. Our team would have scored if the striker had shot at the corner of the goal. (Had)
191. Thanks to the courageous firefighters, all the children were saved from the fire. (If
it)
192. If they offered you the scholarship, would you accept? (Were they to)
193. He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car.
194. You don’t save electricity. You pay a lot of money
195. They drive carelessly. They get some problems.
196. We don’t have enough money, so we don’t buy those new comics.
197. She is not free today, so she can’t go to the movie with her friend.
198. He is so lazy. He fails in the final exam.
199.The weather is not fine. The children don’t play outdoors.
200. She’s not interested in cooking. She doesn’t learn how to prepare a meal from her
mother.
201. Thu can not swim, so she doesn’t go to the swimming pool with her friend.
202. People don’t see the UFO, so they don’t call the National UFO Reporting Center.
203. Lan has a lot of homework, so she doesn’t watch her favorite program on TV.
204. There is gravity, so people have weight.
205. It doesn’t snow, so we don’t go skiing.
206. There is much traffic, so the air is polluted by the waste smoke.
207. Today isn’t New Year Day, so we don’t wear new clothes.
208. The students in grade 9th don’t take part in the performance because they have to
prepare for their final test.
209. It’s not sunny today, so the farmers cannot dry their rice.
210. People don’t get used to traveling by public transport, so there are plenty of
motorcycles in the streets.
211. They use energy-saving bulbs, so they save some money on electricity.
212. She doesn’t keep the refrigerator door closed, so she can not save the energy.
213. People use so much oil that there will be a shortage of oil in the future.
214. The students miss the school bus so they are late for school.
215. She isn’t happy. She doesn’t get good marks.
216. These children don’t drink milk. They are not tall and healthy.
217. Thu doesn’t run fast enough. She doesn’t win the race.
218. These competitors try their best. They all make the best records.
219. The coffee is hot, so my mother cannot drink it.
220. Hoa doesn’t live with her parents. She misses them.
221. Phong isn’t tall enough to reach the top of the shelf.
222. Ba isn’t fast enough to catch the school bus.
223. Tam isn’t strong enough to lift that heavy box.
224. The girl are not skillful enough to make dresses for their dolls
III. Multiple choice
1. _______ he not driven so fast, he wouldn’t have hit the motorcycle.
a. Had b. Should c. Were d. Were to
2. _______ more confident, we would have been able to answer the last question.
a. If we are b. Were we to be c. Had we been d. If we had been
3. _______ it not raining, I would go to the chess club right away.
a. Were to b. Had c. Should d. Were
4. _______ power, I would ban all the factories which are destroying the environment.
a. Were have I b. Were to I have c. Were I to have d. Were I have
5. _______ you twice as much, will you finish my car by tomorrow?
a. Should I pay b. Should if I pay c. Should pay I d. Should if pay
6. _______ I celebrate my birthday this year, I will invite all of my friends.
a. Had b. Were c. Were to d. Should
7. If the city develops the plan soon, traffic jam _______ reduced remarkably.
a. would be b. would have been c. will be d. will have been
8. My family would have a big Easter dinner if my uncle ______ abroad now.
a. had not been working b. were not working
c. are not working d. has not been working
9. If I hadn’t lost my job and gone to that coffee shop, I _______ my husband now.
a. wouldn’t see b. weren’t see c. wouldn’t have seen d. didn’t see
10. Bring your birth certificate _______ they want to see it.
a. unless b. but for c. as long as d. in case
11. The coach said as if his team ______ the next World Cup Tournament.
a. is winning b. would win c. had won d. have won
12. Dartey’s cell phone users are treated as if they _______ the company’s customers anymore.
a. were not b. wouldn’t be c. hadn’t been d. aren’t
13. He is speaking as if all of us ______ him very well.
a. could have heard b. had heard c. could hear d. would hear
14. As a breadwinner of the family, you should buy insurance _______ something wrong
happens with you.
a. on condition b. in case c. supposing d. as if
15. One of my friends is very rude. He behaves ______ he were superior to other people.
a. provided that b. if c. unless d. as though.
16. _______, I will go on safari in Africa.
a. If I had enough money and time b. Should I have enough money and time.
c. Were I to have enough money and time d. Had I had enough money and time
17. _______, we will have enough time for lunch before going home.
a. Should Tim’s train arrive on time b. Had Tim’s train arrive on time
c. If Tim’s train arrive on time d. If Tim’s train had arrived on time
18. _______, many people would have a chance to live longer.
a. If a cure for cancer had been found now b. Were a cure for cancer be found now
c. Should a cure for cancer be found now d. Were a cure for cancer found now
19. _______, people lives wouldn’t be as easy as they are today.
a. Had computers not been invented b. Had not computers been invented
c. Were computers not to be invented d. Were computers to not be invented
20. _______, many of them wouldn’t have died out.
a. Should we stopped destroying the animals’ habitat
b. Should we stop destroying the animals’ habitat
c. Had we stopped destroying the animals’ habitat
d. Were we stop destroying the animals’ habitat
21. _______, my mother’s housework would have been a lot easier.
a. Had we a vacuum cleaner b. Had have we a vacuum cleaner
c. Had we had a vacuum cleaner d. Had had we have a vacuum cleaner
22. _______, he would have been promoted to the management position.
a. Had he worked harder b. Should he work harder
c. Were he to work harder d. If he worked harder
23. _______, I would get an A for this subject.
a. If I would pass the exam last week b. Were I to pass the exam last week
c. Had I passed the exam last week d.If I should pass the exam last week
24. _______, they wouldn’t have caught in the accident.
a. Had been they more carefully b. Should they have been more carefully
c. Had they been more carefully d. Had they be more carefully
25. He would have been accepted for the job _______.
a. but for he had studied Arabic b. unless he studied Arabic
c. that providing he had studied Arabic d. if he had studied Arabic
26. ________, you would still doubt me, right?
a. Supposing does he not tell you the truth b. Suppose he hadn’t told you the truth
c. Supposed he didn’t tell you the truth d. Supposed he that wouldn’t tell you the truth
27. You need to phone the hotel to confirm your reservation _______.
a. in case there are some last-minute changes b. as long as there are some last-minute changes
c. if there are some last-minute changes d. but for some last-minute changes
28. _______, we couldn’t have found the way out of that forest.
a. But hadn’t been for the scout leader’s directions.
b. If it hadn’t been for the scout leader’s directions
c. If it were not for the scout leader’s directions
d. Without for the scout leader’s directions
29. My friends and I talked about my childhood ________.
a. as if it had just happened yesterday b. as though it happened yesterday
c. as though it would happen yesterday d. as if it happened yesterday
30. He is just a normal student but he acts _______.
a. as if he would be the best one in class
b. as if he had been an excellent one in class
c. as though he is the one who is in charge of the whole class
d. as though he were the monitor of the class
31. It was his generosity that many people had a chance to survive in this disaster.
a. If it weren’t for his generosity, many people wouldn’t have a chance to survive in this disaster
b. Without his generosity, many people will not have a chance to survive in this disaster
c. But for his generosity, many people have wouldn’t have a chance to survive in this disaster
d. If it hadn’t been for his generosity, many people won’t have a chance to survive in this disaster
32. There’s flood on the streets because of the rain an hour ago.
a. Unless it had rained an hour ago, the streets wouldn’t be flooded.
b. If it hadn’t rained an hour ago, the streets wouldn’t be flooded.
c. If the streets were flooded, it had rained an hour ago
d. Supposing it had rained, the streets would have been flooded.
33. Thanks to the successful operation last month, she is able to walk now.
a. If she didn’t have a successful operation last month, she isn’t able to walk now
b. Provided she had a successful operation last month, she isn’t able to walk now
c. Had she not had a successful operation last month, she wouldn’t be able to walk now.
d. In case she had a successful operation last month, she would be able to walk now
34. As a girl, she couldn’t play in the school soccer team.
a. She couldn’t play in the school soccer team as if she were a boy
b. She would have played in the school soccer team unless she was a girl.
c. They would have accepted her to play in the school soccer team if she is a boy
d. she would have been able to play in the school soccer team if she were a boy
35. He was absent from the session yesterday, so now he has no assignment to do.
a. If he has no assignment to do, he didn’t attend the session yesterday
b. If he didn’t attend the session yesterday, he will have no assignment
c. He didn’t have any assignment to do unless he went to the session yesterday
d. As long as he went to the session yesterday, he has no assignment to do now
36. Murray has never been to Canada, but he keeps talking about it.
a. Murray just keeps talking about Canada as if he had been there already.
b. As though Murray has never been to Canada, he just keeps talking about it.
c. Murray just keeps talking about Canada in case he will be there.
d. Providing that Murray has never been to Canada, he just keeps talking about it.
37. Ryan will lend you his laptop for the presentation, but you have to take good care of it.
a. In case you take good care of the laptop, Ryan will lend it to you
b. Unless you take good care of the laptop, Ryan will lend it to you
c. Ryan will lend you his laptop on condition that you take good care of it.
d. Were you to take good care of the laptop, Ryan will lend it to you
38. I couldn’t join your party this morning because I had to stay at home. My parents are on
vacation.
a. If my parents weren’t on vacation, I could heave joined your party this morning
b. I could join your party this morning if my parents were at home.
c. Supposing my parents were at home, I couldn’t join your party this morning
d. Provided that I could join your party this morning, my parents were at home.
39. Tina is worrying about her visa because she can’t take her business trip without it.
a. If it hadn’t been for the visa, Tina can take her business trip
b. Tina can take her business trip supposing she could get her visa.
c. Tina can take her business trip provided that she has get her visa.
d. As long as Tina gets her visa, she can’t take her business trip.
40. The fact that Barry doesn’t get married to Silvia will shock us.
a. Unless Barry gets married to Silvia, we will be shocked.
b. We would be shocked as though Barry doesn’t get married to Silvia
c. Providing Barry doesn’t get married to Silvia, we will be shocked.
d. We will be shocked if Barry doesn’t get married to Silvia
41. ______ she does not want to have more children, she does not know how to use a birth
control method.
a. If b. Although c.So that d. Because
42. John asked me ______ I would help him if he needed help.
a. may b. whether c. that d. how
43.If anyone _____, ______ him I ______ back at 9o’clock.
a. calls/ tell/ will be b. called/ telling/ would be
c. is calling/ tells/ am d. will call/ to tell/ am
44. Daisy said if she _____- me she would not buy that house.
a. is b. been c. were d. had been
45.If you had taken my advice, we ______ our way.
a. will not lose b. would not lose c. will not have lost d. would not have lost
46. He had spent his money carelessly and became broke.
a. If he does not spend his money carelessly, he will not become broke.
b. If he did not spend his money carelessly, he would not become broke.
c. If he had not spent his money carelessly, he would not have become broke.
d. If he did not spend his money carelessly, he would not have become broke.
47. Mary said that if she _______ the answer, she would have told me.
a. knows b. knew c. had known d. would have known
48. “_______ you give me some money, I’ll help you,” the man said.
a. Unless b. Or c.If d. Otherwise
49. You will be sorry ______ you take the opportunity.
a. provided that b. if c. although d. unless
50. _______ the address, I would have gone there.
a. If I knew b. If did I know c. If had I known d. Had I known
51. The doctor said ______ the patient did not stop smoking, he would be seriously ill.
a. that if b. whether c. if that d. as if
52. The sight was beautiful. If only we ______ our camera.
a. take b. took c. had taken d. would have taken
53. If sea water ______ salty, it would be more interesting when we spend our summer holiday
by the sea.
a. is not b.are not c. were not d. had not been
54. “Don’t press the alarm button ______ there is a real emergency”, the nurse said to the
patient’s relatives.
a. if b. provided that c. even if d. unless
55. Women can delay having children due to effective birth control methods.
a. If there are not effective birth control methods, woman cannot delay having children.
b. Unless woman could delay having children there were not effective birth control methods
c. If there were not effective birth control methods, woman could not delay having children
d. If there had not had effective birth control methods, woman could not have delayed having
children
56. ______ now, we would go out.
a. If it is not snowing b. Unless it were snowing
c. Were it not snowing d. If were it not snowing
57. The bag was heavy, so we could not take it with us.
a. If the bag were not heavy, we would take it with us.
b. Unless the baghad not been heavy, we would have taken it with us.
c. If had the bag not been heavy, we would have taken it with us.
d. Had the bag not been heavy, we would have taken it with us.
58. If he had tired harder, he _______.
a. will not be sacked b. will not sack c. would not sack d. wouldn’t have been sacked
59. She wants to be properly dressed for her photographs _______ she is a little shy.
a. although b. as if c. if d. provided that
60. _______ going out, she stayed at home and read some magazines.
a. Although b. If c. Instead of d. Even if
61. They doctor told me unless you ______ the baby warm he ______ ill.
a. did not keep b. kept/would be c. do not keep/will be d. keep/will be
62. If she asks for money, I _____ her.
a. will give b. gave c. would give d. would have given
63. If they had recognized her, they ______ to her.
a. will speak b. will have spoken c. would speak d. would have spoken
64. She told me that she would not have enjoyed the party if I ______ there.
a. am not b. was not c. were not d. had not been.
65. ______ here, we would not have missed the fireworks.
a. If we were b. Unless we were c. Had we been d. If had we been
66. He cannot find a good job because he doesn’t know how to use a computer.
a. If he knows how to use a computer, he can find a good job.
b. If he knew how to use a computer, he could find a good job.
c. If he had known how to use a computer, he could have found a good job.
d. If he had known how to use a computer, he could find a good job.
67. The coffee was hot for us to drink.
a. Although the coffee was so hot we could drink it.
b. If the coffee were not too hot, we could drink it.
c. If the coffee had not been too hot, we would have drunk it.
d. Because the coffee was too hot, we drank it.
68. Thank you very much for your help. Without your help, we ______ our project.
a. cannot complete b. could not complete c. will not complete d. would not have completed
69. Daisy told me ______ she would leave for London to find a job.
a. that if she were me b. If that she were me
c. that if she had been me d. that had she been me
70. _______ the local authorities have held some educational programs on population, the birth
rates in those areas do not declined.
a.But b. If c. Although d. If only
71. Go away soon ______ I will punish you.
a. if b. or c. but d. although
72. I could not afford to buy that interesting book. _____ I had brought enough money.
a. If b. If only c. Instead d. Otherwise
73. She uses a birth control method ______ she does not have children any more.
a. so that b. if c. whether d. although
74. If I were you, I _____ that coat. It’s much too expensive.
a. won’t buy b. don’t buy c. wouldn’t buy d. didn’t buy
75. If I could speak Spanish, I _____ next year studying in Mexico.
a. will spend b. had spent c. would have spent d. would spend
76. It would have been a much more serious accident ______ fast at that time.
a. was she driving b. she had driven
c. had she been driving d. if she drove
77. “Can I borrow your car this evening?” ‘Sure, but Nora’s using it right now. If she _____ it
back in time. You’re welcome to borrow it’.
a. brought b. would bring c. will bring d. bring
78. If energy ______ inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.
a. is b. will be c. would be d. were
79. We ______ the game if we’d had a few more minutes.
a. could have won b.won c. had won d. will win
80. I _______ William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.
a. hadn’t brought b. didn’t bring
c. wouldn’t have brought d. won’t bring
81. The lecturer last night didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr. Mason _____ I
would have listened carefully.
a. lectured b. had been lecturing c. was lecturing d. would lecture
82. If you ______ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
a. listened b. will listen c. had listened d. listen
83. ______ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
a. If I am b. Should I c. I was d. Were I
84. If I _____ the same problems you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as
you have.
a. have b. would have c. had had d. should have
85. I ______ you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital.
a. would have visited b. visited
c. had visited d. visit
86. _______ more help, I could call my neighbor.
a.needed b. Should I need c. I have needed d. I should need
87. _______ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over
the years.
a. If I know b. If I would know c. Did I know d. Had I know
88. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _______ the same
language?
a. speak b. will speak c. spoke d. had spoken
89. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, _______ this incident again.
a. I don’t mention b. I will never mention c. I never mention d. will I never mention
90. I didn’t know you were asleep. Otherwise, I _______ so much noise when I came in.
a. didn’t make b. wouldn’t have made c. won’t make d. don’t make
91. Unless you ______ all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
a. answered b. answer c. would answer d. are answering
92. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I ______ it.
a. wouldn’t never have believed b. don’t believe
c. hadn’t believed d. can’t believe
93. If Jake ______ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
a. doesn’t agree b. didn’t agree c. hadn’t agreed d. wouldn’t agree.
94. If you _______, I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch
TV, but I didn’t want to bother you.
a. had studied b. studied
c. hadn’t been studying d. didn’t study
95. If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I _______ in a bank.
a. work b. will work c. have worked d. would be working
96. “Here’s my phone number.” “Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I _______ some help tomorrow.”
a. will need b .need c. would need d. needed
97. _______ you, I’d think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move.
a. If I had been b. Were I c. should I be d. If I am
98. “Was Pam seriously injured in the accident?” ‘She broke her arm. It ______ much worse if
she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt.’
a. will be b. would have been c. was d. were
99. If my candidate had won the election, I ______ happy now.
a. am b. would be c. was d. can be
100. Page 12 of the manual that came with the appliance says, “ _______ any problem with the
merchandise, contact your local dealer.”
a. Do you have b. Had you c. Should you have d. You have
101. “ Why didn’t Bill get the promotion he was expecting?” ‘he may not be qualified. If he
were, he ______ that promotion last year.’
a. would have been given b. was given
c. would be given d. had been given
102. Hurry! We’ve got to leave the house immediately. Otherwise, _______ the opening
ceremony.
a. we’d miss b. we’d have missed c. we miss d. we’re going to miss
103. If everyone _______, how would we control air traffic? Surely, we’d all be crashed into
each other.
a. can fly b. will fly c. flies d. could fly
104. I am flying to the States tonight. I ______ you a ring if I can find a phone.
a. will give b. would give c. could give d. have given
105. We’ll need more staff ______ we start the new project.
a. unless b. whether c. in case d. or
106. If I _______ 10 years younger, I _______ the job.
a. am/ will take b. was/ have taken
c. had been/ will have taken d. were/ would take
107. _______ I had learnt English when I was at high school.
a. Unless b. Even if c. If d. If only
108. You’re not allowed to use the club’s facilities _______ you are a member.
a. unless b. if c. provided d. supposed
109. If she _______ the train last night, she _______ here now.
a. took/ were b. were taking/ is
c. had taken/ would have been d. had taken/ would be
110. ________ if a war happened?
a. What you would do b. What would you do
c. What will you do d. What will you do
111. I would send her a fax if I _______ her number.
a. know b. knew c. had known d. could know
112. _______ it were well paid , I would accept this proposal.
a. Providing b. Unless c. But for d. If only
113. _______ more carefully, he would not have had the accident yesterday.
a. If peter driven b. If had peter driven
c. Had peter driven d. Unless peter had driven
114. If you ______ to my advice, you ______ in trouble now
a. listened/ were not b. listen/ are not
c. had listened/ wouldn’t have been d. Had listened/ would not be
115. If you had taken my advice, you ______ in such difficulties now.
a. won’t be b. hadn’t been c. wouldn’t be d. wouldn’t have been
116. The minister has a talent for talking to ordinary people as if they ______ her equals.
a. are b. were c. be d. had been
117. I wish Mark ______ a little better when we have visitors.
a. will behave b. would behave c. behaves d. had behaved
118. If it ______ more humid in the desert of the Southwest, the hot temperatures would be
unbearable.
a. is b. were c. would d. had been
119. If he hadn’t shown such a blatant disregard for company regulations by smoking while on
duty, he _______
a. wouldn’t dismiss b. wouldn’t be dismissed
c. wouldn’t have dismissed d. wouldn’t have been dismissed
120. He behaved as if nothing _______
a. has happened b. would happen c. had happened d. was happening
121. ______ you at the station if you’d told me you were coming today.
a. I’d met b. I’d have met c. I met d. I’d meet
122. If only he ______ us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong.
a. told b. have told c. had told d. would have told
123. If all cars ______ to liquefied petroleum gas, air pollution levels would fall dramatically.
a. switch b. were switched c. had switched d. were to switch
124. _______ his address, I would have written before.
a. As I had known b. If I knew c. Unless I had knownd. Had I known
125. Supposing I _______ to agree to your request, how do you think the other students would
feel?
a. would be b. am c. were d. could be
126. If you ______ to leave your name, we’ll contact you as soon as possible.
a. cared b. would care c. had cared d. are caring
127. If she ______ rich, she would travel around the world.
a. would be b. is c. has been d. were
128. I would appreciate it ______ what I have told you a secret.
a. you can keep b. that you kept c. you will keep d. if you kept
129. George wouldn’t have met Mary ______ to his brother’s graduation party.
a. if he has not gone b. if he should not have gone
c. hadn’t he gone d. had he not gone
130. _______ the ozone layer were destroyed, most living things on the earth would disappear.
a. Provided b. In case c. Unless d. If
131. I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years ______ then what I know
today.
a. if I knew b. only had I known c. I had known d. had I known
132. It was reported that neither the passengers nor the driver ______ in the crash.
a. were injured b. are injured c. was injured d. have been injured
133. _______ a point guard, he would be in the game now.
a. Were Brandon not b. Was Brandon not
c. Weren’t Brandon d. If Brandon not be
134. If you ______ down for a few moment, I’ll tell the manager you’re here.
a. should sit b. will sit c. are going to sit d. are sitting
135. The woman wished she _______ such drastic action when the stock market seemed volatile.
a. had not taken b. did not take c. not take d. was not taken
136. I wish you ______ interrupting me whenever I speak.
a. will stop b. would stop c. stop d. had stopped
137.______ for the fact that he was working aboard, he would willingly have helped with the
project.
a. If it had been b. If it hadn’t been c. Had it been d. Hadn’t it been
138. If only you ______ how hard I’ve tried to please you.
a. know b. knew c. will know d. would know
139. The house was in such a mess- it looked as though a bomb ______ on it.
a. dropped b. has dropped c. was dropped d. had dropped
140. If I had gone to the party last night, I ______ tired now.
a. am b. were c. would be d. would have been
141. The floor in the room was so dirty as if it ______ for months.
a. hadn’t swept b. wouldn’t have swept c. haven’t been swept d. hadn’t been swept
142. _______ been for your support, I could not have done it.
a. Had I not b. Hadn’t I c. I had not d. I not had
143. I _______ to see you tomorrow unless I ______ late at the office.
a. will come - keep b. am coming - will keep
c. will come - am kept d. would come - was kept
144. Jack would have studied medicine if he ______ to a medical school.
a. had admitted b. could be able to enter
c. were admitted d. had been admitted
145. I didn’t get home until well after midnight last night. Otherwise, I ______ your call.
a. returned b. had returned c. would return d. would have returned
146. _______, his television would not be so loud.
a. If Rafael studies b. Unless Rafael was studying
c. Had Rafael being studied d. Were Rafael studying
147. I wouldn’t have got wet ________.
a. if I had an umbrella with me b. if I had had an umbrella with me
c. unless I had had an umbrella d. in case I had an umbrella with me
148. She will be ill ________.
a. unless she takes a few days’ rest b. provided she takes a rest for a few days
c. in case she takes a rest for a few days d. If she takes a few days’ rest
149. Had we left any later, we would have missed the train.
a. We left too late to catch the train b. We almost missed the train
c. Because the train was late, we missed it d. We didn’t missed the train because it left late
150. If you take the 8a.m flight to New York you ______ change planes.
a. could not have to b. will not have to c. had not had to d. would not to have to
151. If it ______ warm yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.
a. was b. were c. had been d. could be
152. If it ______ an hour ago, the streets _______ wet now.
a. were raining- will be b. had rained-would be
c. rained-would be d. had rained-would have been
153. _______ here, he would helped us with these troubles.
a.Were Peter b. If were Peter c. Unless were Peter d. Unless Peter were
154. _______ that problem with the car, we wouldn’t have missed the speech.
a. If we had had b. I f had we had c. Unless we had had d. Provided that we had had
155. If I were a little taller, I ______ be able to water the plant on the top shelf.
a. did b. would c. had d. would have
156. If you hear from Susan today, _______ her to ring me.
a. tell b. to tell c. telling d. will tell
157. She had to have the operation _______.
a. unless she would dies b. if she would die
c. otherwise she will die d. or she would die
158. If the traffic _______ bad, I may get home late.
a. is b. were c. was d. had been
159. If I were taller, I could reach the top shelf.
a. I am not tall enough to reach the top shelf
b. I am too tall to reach the top shelf.
c. I cannot reach the top shelf because I am very tall.
d. In spite of being tall, I cannot reach the top shelf.
160. If only I had studied hard enough to pass the final exam.
a. I regret not studying hard enough to pass the final exam.
b. I had studied hard enough and I passed the final exam.
c. I studied too hard to pass the final exam.
d. I studied hard otherwise I would fail the final exam
161. John speaks Chinese fluently because he used to live in China for ten years.
a. Suppose John has lived in China for ten years, he can speak Chinese fluently.
b. Provided that John lived in China for ten years, he could speak Chinese fluently.
c. Unless John had lived in China for ten years, he could not have spoken Chinese fluently.
d. John could not speak Chinese fluently if he had not lived in China for ten years.
162. Peter said if he were me he would stop smoking.
a. I wanted peter to stop smoking and he promised to do
b. Peter promised to stop smoking
c. Peter said he would stop smoking as I wanted him to
d. Peter advised me to stop smoking
163. I will agree to these conditions provided that they increase my salary.
a. They did not increase my salary so I quit the job.
b. I will only agree these conditions if they give me more money
c. They give me more money or I will only agree these conditions.
d. Unless they give me more money, I will only agree these conditions.
164. If it ______ last night, it ______ so hot today.
a. rained-is not b. was raining-were not
c. had rained-would not have been d. had rained-would not be
165. Without your recommendation, we ______ any success last year.
a. had not got b. did not get c. will not have got d. would not have got
166. _______ he gets here soon, we will have to start the meeting without him.
a. Suppose b. Provided c. Unless d. If
167. _______ as much money as Bill Gates of Microsoft, I would retire.
a. Did I have b. If did I have c. Unless I had d. If I had had
168. If I _____ it was a formal party, I wouldn’t have gone wearing jeans and a jumper.
a. knew b. had known c. had been knowing d. could know
169. Tom’s company will almost certainly fire him ______ he improves his attitude.
a. unless b. or c. otherwise d. if
170. If my client ______ me her fax number, I ______ do post a letter to her.
a. gave - will not have b. will given - do not have
c. had given - wouldn’t have had d. had given - will not have had
171. _______ I had brought my laptop to the meeting yesterday.
a. If b. If only c. Even if d. As if
172. If I ______ the lottery last week, I ______ rich now.
a. had won - would be b. had won - would have been
c. won - would be d. won - would have been
173. Carrie said she will join the company if the starting salary ______ her expectations.
a. meets b. met c. has met d. had met
174. If the ground hadn’t been so soft my horse ______ instead of coming in second. He never
does very well on soft ground.
a. could have won b. might have won c. must have won d. would have won
175. She was sent to prison only because she refused to pay the fine. If she had paid the fine she
______ to prison.
a. wouldn’t have sent b. wouldn’t have been sent
c. wouldn’t be sent d. wouldn’t have to be sent
176. If Tom’s car broke down yesterday, he must _______ to school on foot now.
a. go b. went c. be going d. have gone
177. She must have loved him very much because she waited for him for fifteen years. If she
______ him she ______ so long.
a. doesn’t love, won’t wait b. didn’t love, wouldn’t wait
c. didn’t love, wouldn’t have waited d. hadn’t loved, wouldn’t have waited
178. The burglar made quite a lot of noise getting into the house; but fortunately for him the
family were watching a noisy TV play. If they ______ cards they would certainly have heard
him.
a. had been playing b. had played c. were playing d. played
179. A university degree is a useful thing. If I had a university degree, I _______ in a
comfortable office instead of standing at a street corner selling newspapers.
a. will now sit b. will now be sitting c. would now be sitting d. would now sit
180. A huge tree crashed through the roof and broke my bed. _______ in the room, I would have
been killed.
a. Should I be b. Had I been c. Would I be d. Would I have been
181. If I found Rob’s phone number now, I ______ him about the change in plans.
a. called b. had called c. could call d. will call
182. A nation’s balance of trade is considered unfavorable if it ______ more money on imports
than it gains from exports.
a. will spend b. would spend c. can spend d. spends
183. If we don’t order the tickets soon, there ______ any tickets left.
a. wouldn’t be b. won’t be c. aren’t d. weren’t
184. If my candidate had won the election, I _______ happy now.
a. am b. was c. would be d. can be
185. If I found a wallet in the street, I ______ take it to police.
a. will b. should c. would d. shall
186. I don’t really want to go to their party, but I probably will go . They’d be offended if I
_____ go.
a. didn’t b. don’t c. will d. will not
187. What would you do if you ______ a million pounds?
a. win b.won c. will win d. would win
188. I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn’t sleep if I ______ to bed now.
a. go b. went c. had gone d. would go
189. I _______ that coat if I were you.
a. wouldn’t buy b. didn’t buy c. don’t buy d. won’t buy
190. I don’t know many people. I wish I ______ more people.
a. know b. knew c. have known d. should know
191. I have to work tomorrow. I wish I ______ in bed.
a. would stay b. should stay c. stay d. stayed
192. Ken got to the station in time to catch his train. If he ______, it he would have been late for
his interview.
a. missed b. has missed c. miss d. had missed
193. I wasn’t tired last night. If had been tired, I _______ home earlier.
a. would have gone b. will go c. go d. went
194. I wish _______ so much.
a. I haven’t eaten b. I hadn’t eaten c. I do not eat d. I won’t eat
195. Hadn’t it been for your help, I _______.
a. would get lost b. got lost c. would have got lost d. had got lost
196. I wish I ______ applied for the job.
a. will b. should c. had d. have
197. If Margaret hadn’t been wearing a seat belt, she ______ injured.
a. has been b. would has been c. would be d. would have been
198. If the driver in front ______ so suddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened.
a. hasn’t stopped b. hadn’t stopped c. didn’t stop d. don’t stop
199. If you didn’t do this, you ______ punished.
a. are b. will be c. should be d. would be
200. They helped me a lot. I don’t know what I ______ without their help.
a. have done b. had done c. would have done d. will do
201. I wish you ______ something instead of just sitting and doing nothing.
a. do b. should c. will do d. would do
202. When we were children, in summer, if the weather was fine we ______ all get up early and
go for a swim.
a. would b. will c. should d. should have
203. The teacher ______ the essays if he has time.
a. will grade b. would grade c. will have grade d. graded
204. The bus won’t stop ______ you ring the bell.
a. when b. if c. if not d. unless
205. _______ a car to drive now.
a. If I had b. Only I had c. If only I had d. Better I had
206.-It’s a pity the weather was bad yesterday.- Yes, if it hadn’t been cold, we ______ swimming
a. would go b. would have gone c. had gone d. went