Chuyên đề 4:

CONDITIONALS
● Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc, mà sự việc đó chỉ có
thể xảy ra khi điều kiện được nói đến xảy ra.

● Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề):

○ Mệnh đề chính (main clause) là mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
○ Mệnh đề if (if-clause) là mệnh đề phụ chỉ điều kiện
If I see her, I will tell her that you are waiting for her call.
If clause Main clause
● Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chỗ cho nhau được.
I will tell her that you are waiting for her call if I see her.
● Các loại câu điều kiện
○ Loại 0
○ Loại 1
○ Loại 2
○ Loại 3
 ZERO CONDITIONAL
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 0

If you put oil in the water, it floats.

If you put a bowl of water in the sun, it evaporates.

⭢ Câu điều kiện loại 0 diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên đúng, chân lý.

Cấu trúc:

If + present simple (HTĐ), present simple (HTĐ)

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1

E.g: It is raining heavily outside.

If it rains in 30 minutes, my mom will get wet waiting for me outside.

⭢ Câu điều kiện loại 1: diễn tả hành động có thể xảy ra ở tương lai (hoặc ở
hiện tại) (Có thật)

Cấu trúc:

If subject + HTĐ (HTTD), subject + will + V

Subject + will + V if subject + HTĐ (HTTD)

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1

E.g: You are in class. Your teacher is asking a question.

If you know the answer, raise your hand.

⭢ Câu điều kiện loại 1: đưa ra lời chỉ dẫn, yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh

Cấu trúc:

If subject + HTĐ (HTTD), V (bare)

V (bare) if subject + HTĐ (HTTD)

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1

E.g: You are giving your friend an advice.

If you want to catch the first train, you must get up early.
If you try your best, you can achieve success.
⭢ Câu điều kiện loại 1: diễn tả những khả năng, sự bắt buộc hoặc sự cần
thiết...
Cấu trúc:

If subject + HTĐ (HTTD), subject + must/ can/ ...+ V

subject + must/ can/ ...+ V if subject + HTĐ (HTTD)

 MODAL VERBS IN FIRST CONDITIONAL
Có thể sử dụng may, might, can, could, shall, should, ought to, have to,
must thay thế cho will, tùy vào nghĩa của câu

Example

If he likes eating spicy food, he may/ might add chilli. ⭢ possibility

If you finish your dinner, you can watch TV. ⭢ permission
She can learn to become a good cook if she tries hard. ⭢ ability
If you don’t want to get burnt, you must follow these safety instructions.
⭢ necessity
If you feel unwell, you shouldn’t eat fast food. ⭢ advice
1. V/Don't + V+ O + or + S + will + V
Ví dụ:
Hurry up or you will miss the last bus.
(= If you don't hurry up, you will miss the last bus.)
Don't eat too much or you will be overweight.
(= If you eat too much, you will be overweight.)

2. Unless = If... not (trừ khi)

"Unless" luôn đi với mệnh đề khẳng định = "if" + mệnh đề phủ định
Ví dụ:
If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exam.
= Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exam.
If you call her right now, you will get some information.
= Unless you call her right now, you won't get any information.
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2
E.g: It is noisy now. I can’t hear the teacher clearly.
If it was not noisy now, I could hear the teacher clearly.
⭢ Câu điều kiện loại 2: diễn tả giả định không có thật ở hiện tại (không thể
xảy ra ở hiện tại/ xảy ra ngược lại so với tình huống thật)
Cấu trúc: (could = would be able to)

If subject + QKĐ (QKTD), subject + would/ could V

Subject + would/ could V if subject + QKĐ (QKTD)

• If I were you, I wouldn’t argue with my employer. ⭢ to give advice
• If it weren't for + N, S + would/could/might + V: nếu không có ... thì …
If it weren't for pollution, the city life would be wonderful.
• In second conditional in formal English, we normally use were instead of was after if for
all persons. (If he were/was rich, he would travel around the world.)
 THIRD CONDITIONAL
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3

E.g: Yesterday, it rained heavily. I did not go to my class, so I did not get wet.
If I had gone to my class yesterday, I would have got wet.
⭢ Câu điều kiện loại 3: diễn tả hành động không có thật ở Quá khứ (không thể xảy
ra ở quá khứ/ xảy ra ngược lại so với tình huống thật ở Quá khứ)
Cấu trúc:

If subject + QKHT, subject + would have P2

Subject + would have P2 if subject + QKHT

• If it hadn't been for + N, S + would/could/might + have + P2: nếu không có … thì đã ...
If it hadn't been for his father's help, he wouldn't have succeeded.
 OTHER EXPRESSIONS

Conditionals can be introduced with other expressions instead of if

• Unless ( = if not)
Unless you hurry, you’ll miss the bus.
• as long as/ provided/ providing that ( = only if)
You can borrow my camera as long as you promise to handle it with care.
You can visit me anytime provided/ providing (that) you call me in advance.
• in case
I’ll buy some mineral water in case I get thirsty. (= I’ll buy some mineral water before I get thirsty.)
• on condition (that) (= provided)
On condition (that) she passes her exam, her parents will let her go to Italy for the holidays.
• or else (= if not/ otherwise)
Hurry up, or else we’ll miss the train.
(Nhanh lên, nếu mà cậu không nhanh thì chúng ta sẽ lỡ chuyến tàu.)
If you don’t propose to her, she will leave you.
You propose to her, or else she will leave you.
 OTHER EXPRESSIONS

• Suppose/ Supposing ( = imagine if)

Suppose/ Supposing the lights went out, what would we do?
• only if
She will go to the party only if she has finished her work.
Only if you have a ticket will you be allowed in. (only if begins a sentence => the verbs of the
main clause are inverted)
• even if
He wouldn’t talk about his plans even if you begged him to.
• whether
Whether he agrees with me or not is not important to me.
• but for + N / V-ing (= if it wasn’t/ hadn’t been for)
But for the rain, we would have enjoyed the picnic.
 MIXED CONDITIONAL
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN HỖN HỢP
E.g: Yesterday, I proposed to my girlfriend. She refused. I am staying home
doing nothing today (because I’m upset).
If she had not refused my proposal (yesterday), I would not be staying/ stay home doing
nothing (today).
(Nếu cô ấy đã không từ chối tôi, thì bây giờ tôi đã chẳng ở nhà mà không làm gì cả.)

Loại 3, không có thật ở quá khứ Loại 2, không có thật ở hiện tại.
(Thực tế: đã từ chối) (Thực tế: đang ở nhà)

Câu ĐK hỗn hợp giữa loại 3 và loại 2:

If subject + QKHT, subject + would V
 MIXED CONDITIONAL
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN HỖN HỢP
E.g: I am not you. I did not propose to her.

If I were you, I would have proposed to her yesterday.

(Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi đã cầu hôn cô ấy hôm qua.)

Loại 2, không có thật ở Loại 3, không có thật ở quá khứ.

hiện tại (Thực tế: người bạn kia đã không cầu
(Tôi không phải là bạn) hôn)

Câu ĐK hỗn hợp giữa loại 2 và loại 3:

If subject + QKĐ, subject + would have + PII/V-ed
Wish/ If only
Wish/ If only
Rewrite the sentence by using wish.
1. We aren’t on holiday. What a pity!
→ I wish we were on holiday.
(Mong ước không có thực ở hiện tại, tiếc nuối vì đã
không đi nghỉ dưỡng)

Wish/ if only + Past tense: mong ước về một việc

không có thật ở hiện tại.
Wish/ If only
Rewrite the sentence by using wish.
2. I can’t speak French.
→ I wish I could speak French.
(Mong ước tôi có thể nói Tiếng Pháp nhưng thực tế
là tôi không thể)
Wish/ if only + could Inf: mong ước về một việc
không thể thực hiện được ở hiện tại.
Wish/ If only
Rewrite the sentence by using wish.
3. You didn’t listen to me yesterday.

→ I wish you had listened to me yesterday.

(Tôi ước là bạn nghe tôi ngày hôm qua nhưng thực
tế là bạn đã không)
Wish/ if only + Past Perfect: tiếc nuối về một việc
đã hoặc không xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Wish/ If only Wish and would
Rewrite the sentence by using wish. must have
4. He is always eating in the office. different subject.
→ I wish he would not eat in the office.
(Tôi mong là anh ấy đừng ăn trong phòng làm việc nữa.)

5. I wish time wouldn’t pass so quickly.

(Tôi mong là thời gian đừng trôi nhanh quá. Nhưng điều này là
không có thật trong tương lai.)
Wish/ if only + would Inf: sự khó chịu, không hài lòng về
việc gì/ mong ước không có thật trong tương lai.
UNREAL PAST
Unreal past
Thì quá khứ đơn dùng để nói đến tình huống không có thật hoặc tưởng tượng ở hiện
tại và tương lai, trong khi Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để nói đến tình huống không có
thật ở quá khứ.
Unreal past with present and future time reference
Conditional type 2 Không có thật ở hiện tại If I were you, I would leave now.

wish không có thật ở hiện tại I wish she worked more effectively.
I’d rather/sooner sb + QK Không có thật ở hiện tại I’d rather you left the files here, please.

Suppose/ Supposing
As if/ as though
It’s (about/ high) time + S
did sth
Tình huống không có thật ở Suppose you found money in the street,
hiện tại what would you do with it?
Tình huống không có thật ở He acted as if he were a genius.
hiện tại
Đã đến lúc để ai đó làm gì It’s about time you learnt to drive.
(đã muộn) / phàn nàn
Unreal past
Unreal past with past time reference
Conditional type 3 Không có thật ở quá If I had known before, I wouldn’t have
khứ come.
wish Không có thật ở quá If only he hadn’t lied to me.
khứ
I’d rather/sooner sb + Không có thật ở quá I’d rather you had not spoken like that
QKHT khứ yesterday.
Suppose/ Supposing Tình huống không có Suppose she hadn’t reminded you,
thật trong quá khứ would you have remembered?
As if/ as though Tình huống không có She looked at me as if she had never
thật trong quá khứ seen me before.
INVERSION
Inversion
When there is should, were or had in the if-clause, the subject and
the auxiliary verb can be inverted and if is omitted.

1. If he should ring, tell him to come at 7.00.

→ Should he ring, tell him to come at 7.00.
2. If I were you, I wouldn't say that.
→ Were I you, I wouldn't say that.

3. If I had known earlier, I wouldn't have done such a thing.

→ Had I known earlier, I wouldn't have done such a thing.
REPORTED
SPEECH
In reported speech, the verb tenses of first conditional sentences change in
the usual way, whereas those of second and third conditional do not
follow the usual changes with the verb tenses remaining unchanged.

Conditionals in reported speech

Conditional type 1 "If I am back early, He said that if he were/was back
we'll go out for early, we would go out for
dinner," he said. dinner.
Conditional type 2 "If I were you, I He said that if he were me, he
wouldn't say that, " wouldn't say that.
he said.
Conditional type 3 "If he had been ill, he She said that if he had been ill,
wouldn't have come he wouldn't have come/gone to
to work, "she said. work.
PRACTICE
I. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.

1 If we hadn't trained day and night, we ___________ our victory now!

a wouldn't be celebrating b wouldn't have celebrated
c weren't to celebrate d wouldn't celebrate
2 'Shall we go and see the new action film this Saturday?' -
‘___________ the reviews are good, I'm not interested in that genre of
film, I'm afraid.'
a In case b Even if c So long as d Unless
3 ________ be given the opportunity to take part in a reality show,
what would you do?
a If you b Were you to c Had you d Should
4 ‘___________ you were asked to present first prize at the awards
ceremony, would you accept?' 'Yes, I don't see why not.’
a Providing b Supposing c Should d Were
5 If we ___________ outside the cinema since six o'clock, we wouldn't
have got to see the film.
a weren't waiting b didn't wait
c hadn't been waiting d shouldn't have waited
I. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
6 ‘I feel a bit sick!’ - ‘Well, if you ___________ that much chocolate, I'm not
surprised!’
a will eat b would eat c will be eating d would have eaten
7 'Let's tackle the housework together.' 'OK. If you ___________ the living
room, I'll tidy the bedrooms'
a will clean b are cleaning c would have cleaned d won't clean
8. You ___________ your driving licence if you were a more careful
driver! How are you going to get to work now?
a wouldn't have lost b didn't lose
c weren't losing d wouldn't lose
9 If you've finished rehearsing, ___________ your scripts on the table,
please.
a would leave b leave
c you were to leave d you had left
10 '___________ any character in Game of Thrones. Who would you
choose?' 'Definitely Jon Snow!'
a Supposing you had been b Imagine that you be
c Say you could be d What if you would be
I. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
11 Had Julie not sung so beautifully, she ___________ one of today's finalists
in the contest.
a wouldn't be b won't be
c shouldn't have been d weren't
12 'But, Mum! I'm too tired to do my homework!' 'If you can play computer
games, then you ___________ your homework. Come on - get going!'
a are doing b would do
c will do d can do
13 'How are we going to get home from the theatre?' 'Jed might pick us up,
but if ___________, we’ll have to take a taxi.
a so b necessary c possible d anything
14 What if I __________ you that there's a good chance I can get tickets for
the concert?
A were to tell B were telling
C have told D would to tell
15 If there __________ happen to be any reason for late delivery, please
inform our Accounts Department.
A might B could C would D should
II. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with one word.

'You want a cat/ ... All right.' I said, 'on (I) ___________ that you look after it,
(2) ___________ that you feed it and as (3) ___________ as you don't expect
me to clear up after it.' If (4) ___________ I had stuck to these conditions! The
animal is never fed (5) ___________ I do it; (6) ___________ for me, it would
(7) ___________ starved to death months ago. (8) ___________ I known that
the children's interest in the beast would wane as soon as it arrived, I (9)
___________ have answered differently. The poor thing is ignored by them,
(10) ___________ if it springs on to their laps. (11) ___________ I to kidnap the
thing, I don't think they would take a blind bit of (12) ___________. I mean, if
they were (13) ___________ going to look after it, why on earth didn't they
(14) ___________ so before? (15) ___________ the question of a dog ever
arise, I think I've got my answer ready.
 III. Read this article and decide which word or words below best fits each space. Circle the
letter you choose for each question. The exercise begins with an example (0).
If you often travel abroad for your holidays, what do you do with your beloved pet dog? Do you put him in a kennel
or leave him with friends? One thing is certain, you're extremely unlikely to take him with you, because if you (1) ...,
he (2) ... six months in quarantine when you return. A bit of a stiff penalty for two weeks' romping in the Dordogne!
But this is set to change soon. From April your dog will be able to travel with you (3) ... he (4) ... a rabies vaccination
and is wearing an identification chip. Cara Lewis, spokesperson for the Animal Welfare Society, said, `This is very
good news for all British animal lovers. I know many people who (5) .... take their dogs on holiday with them if only
they (6) .... Indeed, I used to travel to northern France regularly and I (7) ... my dog Wolfie with me every time (8) ...
the quarantine regulations.' But Cara also has words of warning: 'Pet owners should remember that there are other
considerations when taking animals abroad. (9)...... your animal become disorientated, he (10) ..., so ensure that he
is wearing a collar with your holiday address at all times.' It isn't all good news, however. If you (11 ) ... to a country
outside Western Europe this year, you (12) ... your pet with you — it will be some time before regulations for other
destinations are relaxed, if ever.

1 A had done B did C do 7 A have taken B will have taken C would have taken
2 A will spend B has to spend C would have to spend 8 A unless B but for C so long as
3 A providing B unless C in case 9 A Should B Did C Had
4 A had B had had C has had 10 A runs away B should run away C might run away
5 A could B will C would 11 A will travel B are travelling C would travel
6 A can B could C should be able to 12 A don't take B can't have taken C won't be able to take
IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words.
including the word given

1 Let me know when you'll be here and I’ll be able to book the seats. COMING
Unless you let me know _________________________ able to book the seats.
2 Without your help we couldn't have got the car started. HAND
If it ______________________________ we couldn't have got the car started.
3 I should have done it while I had the chance; it's too late now. STRUCK
If only _______________________________________ hot; it’s too late now.
4 I think they really should be reaching their decision by now. HIGH
It’s __________________________________________________ minds up.
5 If it hadn't been for his bravery, several people might have been killed. COURAGEOUS
But ____________________________ , several people might have been killed.
IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words.
including the word given
6 We must get to the market soon or there will be nothing left. SOLD
Everything ______________________________________ to the market soon.
7 If you hadn't intervened at the right moment we could have lost a lot of money.
TIMELY
Had ________________________________ we could have lost a lot of money.
8 Call me tomorrow if you're still interested. ASSUME
If you ________________________________________ you're not interested.
9 What would you have said in my position? SHOES
If _______________________________________ what would you have said?
10 I never wanted to come to this horrible city anyway! FOOT
I wish _________________________________________ in this horrible city!
IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words.
including the word given
11 There's clearly nothing I can do to stop you leaving. DETERMINED
If _____________________________________________ anything I can do to stop you.
12 You can borrow my car for your holiday if you arrange a service afterwards. CONDITION
You can borrow my car for your holiday _________________________ serviced afterwards.
13 If you mean to be as bad- tempered as this all afternoon, there's no point in playing.
GOING What's the point ____________________________________ in this mood all
afternoon?
14 It is essential that you tell us everything. IMPORTANCE
It is of the ____________________________________________ be kept fully informed.
15 If they reject her appeal, she’ll lose all her insurance claims. DOWN
Should her appeal __________________________________ lose all her insurance claims.
ANSWER KEY
I. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.

1 If we hadn't trained day and night, we ___________ our victory now!

a wouldn't be celebrating b wouldn't have celebrated Mixed conditional
c weren't to celebrate d wouldn't celebrate
2 'Shall we go and see the new action film this Saturday?' -
‘___________ the reviews are good, I'm not interested in that genre of
film, I'm afraid.'
a In case b Even if c So long as d Unless
3 ________ be given the opportunity to take part in a reality show, Đảo ngữ câu ĐK loại 2:
what would you do? Were + S + to V, S would V
a If you b Were you to c Had you d Should
4 ‘___________ you were asked to present first prize at the awards supposing = imagine if
ceremony, would you accept?' 'Yes, I don't see why not.’ providing = only if
a Providing b Supposing c Should d Were
5 If we ___________ outside the cinema since six o'clock, we wouldn't Third conditional
have got to see the film.
a weren't waiting b didn't wait
c hadn't been waiting d shouldn't have waited
I. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
If S will V: strong
6 ‘I feel a bit sick!’ - ‘Well, if you ___________ that much chocolate, I'm not disapproval at sb's
surprised!’ insistence on doing st
a will eat b would eat c will be eating d would have eaten
7 'Let's tackle the housework together.' 'OK. If you ___________ the living If S will V: polite request
room, I'll tidy the bedrooms'
a will clean b are cleaning c would have cleaned d won't clean
8. You ___________ your driving licence if you were a more careful
driver! How are you going to get to work now? Mixed conditional
a wouldn't have lost b didn't lose
c weren't losing d wouldn't lose
9 If you've finished rehearsing, ___________ your scripts on the table, Main clause as
please. imperative
a would leave b leave
c you were to leave d you had left
10 '___________ any character in Game of Thrones. Who would you Second conditional
choose?' 'Definitely Jon Snow!'
a Supposing you had been b Imagine that you be
c Say you could be d What if you would be
I. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
11 Had Julie not sung so beautifully, she ___________ one of today's finalists Mixed conditional
in the contest.
a wouldn't be b won't be
c shouldn't have been d weren't
12 'But, Mum! I'm too tired to do my homework!' 'If you can play computer
games, then you ___________ your homework. Come on - get going!'
a are doing b would do
c will do d can do
13 'How are we going to get home from the theatre?' 'Jed might pick us up, if necessary: nếu
but if ___________, we’ll have to take a taxi. cần thiết
a so b necessary c possible d anything
14 What if I __________ you that there's a good chance I can get tickets for If S were to V:
the concert? very unlikely condition
A were to tell B were telling
C have told D would to tell
15 If there __________ happen to be any reason for late delivery, please If S should V: the
inform our Accounts Department. condition is possible
A might B could C would D should but unlikely
II. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with one word. on condition that
= provided/providing
that = as long as
condition that you look after it, = only if
'You want a cat/ ... All right.' I said, 'on (I) ___________
provided/providing that you feed it and as (3) ___________
(2) __________________ long as you don't
only
expect me to clear up after it.' If (4) ___________ I had stuck to these
unless
conditions! The animal is never fed (5) ___________ but
I do it; (6) ___________
have
for me, it would (7) ___________ Had
starved to death months ago. (8) __________ Had S + P2: Đảo ngữ
của ĐK loại 3
I known that the children's interest in the beast would wane as soon as it
would
arrived, I (9) ___________ have answered differently. The poor thing is ignored
even
by them, (10) ___________ Were
if it springs on to their laps. (11) ___________ I to take notice = pay
notice
kidnap the thing, I don't think they would take a blind bit of (12) ___________. attention
not
I mean, if they were (13) ___________ going to look after it, why on earth
say
didn't they (14) ___________ Should
so before? (15) ___________ the question of a Should S + V: Đảo ngữ
của ĐK loại 1
dog ever arise, I think I've got my answer ready.
III. Read this article and decide which word or words below best fits each space. Circle the
letter you choose for each question. The exercise begins with an example (0).
If you often travel abroad for your holidays, what do you do with your beloved pet dog? Do you put him in a
kennel or leave him with friends? One thing is certain, you're extremely unlikely to take him with you, because
if you (1) ..., he (2) ... six months in quarantine when you return. A bit of a stiff penalty for two weeks' romping
in the Dordogne! But this is set to change soon. From April your dog will be able to travel with you (3) ... he (4)
... a rabies vaccination and is wearing an identification chip. Cara Lewis, spokesperson for the Animal Welfare
Society, said, `This is very good news for all British animal lovers. I know many people who (5) .... take their dogs
on holiday with them if only they (6) .... Indeed, I used to travel to northern France regularly and I (7) ... my dog
Wolfie with me every time (8) ... the quarantine regulations.' But Cara also has words of warning: 'Pet owners
should remember that there are other considerations when taking animals abroad. (9)........... your animal
become disorientated, he (10) ..., so ensure that he is wearing a collar with your holiday address at all times.' It
isn't all good news, however. If you (11 ) ... to a country outside Western Europe this year, you (12) ... your pet
with you — it will be some time before regulations for other destinations are relaxed, if ever.

1 A had done B did C do

2 A will spend B has to spend C would have to spend
3 A providing B unless C in case
4 A had B had had C has had
5 A could B will C would
6 A can B could C should be able to
III. Read this article and decide which word or words below best fits each space. Circle the
letter you choose for each question. The exercise begins with an example (0).
If you often travel abroad for your holidays, what do you do with your beloved pet dog? Do you put him in a
kennel or leave him with friends? One thing is certain, you're extremely unlikely to take him with you,
because if you (1) ..., he (2) ... six months in quarantine when you return. A bit of a stiff penalty for two
weeks' romping in the Dordogne! But this is set to change soon. From April your dog will be able to travel
with you (3) ... he (4) ... a rabies vaccination and is wearing an identification chip. Cara Lewis, spokesperson
for the Animal Welfare Society, said, `This is very good news for all British animal lovers. I know many people
who (5) .... take their dogs on holiday with them if only they (6) .... Indeed, I used to travel to northern
France regularly and I (7) ... my dog Wolfie with me every time (8) ... the quarantine regulations.' But Cara
also has words of warning: 'Pet owners should remember that there are other considerations when taking
animals abroad. (9)........... your animal become disorientated, he (10) ..., so ensure that he is wearing a
collar with your holiday address at all times.' It isn't all good news, however. If you (11) ... to a country
outside Western Europe this year, you (12) ... your pet with you — it will be some time before regulations
for other destinations are relaxed, if ever.
7 A have taken B will have taken C would have taken
8 A unless B but for C so long as
9 A Should B Did C Had
10 A runs away B should run away C might run away
11 A will travel B are travelling C would travel
12 A don't take B can't have taken C won't be able to take
IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words.
including the word given

1 Let me know when you'll be here and I’ll be able to book the seats. COMING
when you’re coming, I won’t be able to book the seats.
Unless you let me know _____________________________
2 Without your help we couldn't have got the car started. HAND
hadn't been for you lending a hand, we couldn't have got the car started.
If it ______________________________
strike when the iron is hot =
3 I should have done it while I had the chance; it's too late now. STRUCK
make use of an opportunity
I had struck while the iron was
If only _______________________________________ hot; it’s too late now.
4 I think they really should be reaching their decision by now. HIGH
It's high time sb did st:
high time they made their
It’s __________________________________________________ minds up. đến lúc phải làm gì
5 If it hadn't been for his bravery, several people might have been killed. COURAGEOUS
for his courageous action
But ____________________________ , several people might have been killed.
IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words.
including the word given
will have been (main clause): to
6 We must get to the market soon or there will be nothing left. SOLD predict what will have happened
will have been sold if we don't go/ unless we go to the market soon.
Everything ___________________________________________
7 If you hadn't intervened at the right moment we could have lost a lot of money.
TIMELY
Had it not been for your timely intervention,we could have lost a lot of money.
________________________________
8 Call me tomorrow if you're still interested. ASSUME
don't call me tomorrow, I will assume
If you ________________________________________ you're not interested.
9 What would you have said in my position? SHOES be in sb's shoes: be in the situation, usually a bad or
difficult situation, that another person is in
you had been in my shoes,
If _______________________________________ what would you have said?
10 I never wanted to come to this horrible city anyway! FOOT
I had never set foot
I wish _________________________________________ in this horrible city!
IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words.
including the word given
11 There's clearly nothing I can do to stop you leaving. DETERMINED
you are determined to leave, there isn't
If _____________________________________________ anything I can do to stop you.
12 You can borrow my car for your holiday if you arrange a service afterwards. CONDITION
on condition (that) you get/have it serviced afterwards.
You can borrow my car for your holiday _____________________________
13 If you mean to be as bad- tempered as this all afternoon, there's no point in playing. GOING
of playing if you’re going to be
What's the point ____________________________________ in this mood all afternoon?
14 It is essential that you tell us everything. IMPORTANCE It is of the utmost importance that S + V_inf
utmost importance that we
It is of the ____________________________________________ be kept fully informed.
15 If they reject her appeal, she’ll lose all her insurance claims. DOWN
be turned down, she’ll
Should her appeal __________________________________ lose all her insurance claims.
 THANKS!
Do you have any questions?

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