CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

Mệnh đề điều kiện (If- clause) Mệnh đề chính (main clause)

If he hadn’t studied abroad We wouldn’t have broken up.

→ Nếu anh ấy không đi du học
→ Chúng tôi đã không chia tay rồi.

If I get a good score on the upcoming My mom will reward me with a new
exam. bike.
→ Nếu tôi đạt điểm cao trong kỳ thi
sắp tới → Mẹ sẽ thưởng cho tôi một chiếc xe đạp
mới.

A. Lý thuyết

Cấu trúc của một câu điều kiện gồm có hai mệnh đề:

1. Câu điều kiện loại 1

Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để diễn tả một hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc
tương lai.

Câu điều
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1
kiện loại 1

Cấu trúc If + S1 + V (s, es), Should + S1 + V-inf,

S2 + will/may/should/can… + S2 + will/may/should/can… +
V-inf V-inf

Ví dụ If he’s not busy, he’ll come to Should he not be busy, he’ll

pick me up. come to pick me up.

→ Nếu anh ấy không bận, anh

ấy sẽ đến đón tôi.

2. Câu điều kiện loại 2

Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại.

Câu điều kiện loại 2 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2

Cấu If + S1 + V_ed, Were + S1 + (to V),

trúc S2 + would/might/could… + V-inf S2 + would/might/could… +
V-inf

Ví dụ If I were you, I wouldn’t be so rude to Were I you, I wouldn’t be so

her. rude to her.
→ Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không thô lỗ
với cô ấy như vậy.

3. Câu điều kiện loại 3

Câu điều kiện loại 3 dùng để diễn tả sự việc hoặc hành động không có thật ở quá
khứ.

Câu điều kiện loại 3 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3

Cấu If + S1 + had + V3, Had + S1 + V3,

trúc
S2 + would/might/could… + have S2 + would/might/could… + have
+ V3. + V3.

Ví If they had asked me, I could have → Had they asked me, I could
dụ given them some advice. have given them some advice.

→ Nếu họ hỏi tôi, tôi đã cho họ

một vài lời khuyên rồi.

B. Bài tập vận dụng

I. Bài tập câu điều kiện viết lại câu

1. His father often punishes him for his laziness.

=> If he weren’t lazy, his father wouldn’t punish him.

2. I can’t come because I have to help my dad with something.

=> If I had to help my dad with something, I couldn’t come.

3. Leon often causes accidents because he drives carelessly.

=> If Leon drove carefully, he wouldn’t cause accidents.

4. Stop talking or you will wake the children up.

=> If you don’t stop talking, you will wake the children up.

5. Mary got lost because she didn’t have a map.

=> If Mary hadn’t had a map, she would have gotten lost.

6. June is so fat because she eats so many chips.

=> If John didn't eat so many chips, she wouldn't be fat.

7. You’re unhealthy because you don’t do exercise.

=>If you didn’t do exercise, you would be unhealthy.

8. He didn’t study his lessons very carefully, so he gets bad grades now.

=> If he had studied his lessons very carefully, he would get good marks now.

9. Hurry up or you will be late for school.

=>If you don’t hurry up, you will be late for school.

10. I can’t apply for that job because I don’t know English.

=> If I knew English, I could apply for that job.

II. Bài tập câu điều kiện trắc nghiệm

1. If I…………….. the competition, I…………. on a world cruise.

A. win/ will go B. won/ would go

C. won/ would have gone D. will win/ go

2. What would happen if you …………….. to work tomorrow?

A. had gone B. didn’t go

C. won’t go D. don’t go

3. ________have enough apples, she’ll make an apple pie this afternoon.

A. Should she B. If she C. Will she D. Unless she

4. If you don’t know how to spell a word, you______look it up in the dictionary.

A. must B. will C. should D. ought

5. If the sun__________, we________for a walk.

A. shines/will go B. shone/will go C. shone/would go D. had shone/would

go

6. The campfire_______if it______last night.

A. wouldn’t be cancelled/hadn’t rained B. wouldn’t have been cancelled/hadn’t

rained

C. would have been cancelled/hadn’t rained D. will be cancelled/rains

7. If I_____my wallet at home this morning, I____money for lunch now.

A. leave/will have B. didn’t leave/ would have

C. hadn’t left/would have D. hadn’t left/ would have had

8. I will never talk to you again______you apologize me______your being rule.

A. if/for B. unless/for C. or/of D. whether/or

9. _______you work harder, you will be sacked.

A. Whether B. If C. However D. Unless

10. “I think you should stop smoking”

A. If I am you, I will stop smoking B. If I were you, I’ll stop smoking.

C. If I were you, I would stop smoking D. If I had been you, I would stop
smoking

11. If you take the ice out of the fridge, it ___________.

A. vaporizes B. melts C. heats D. disappears

12. Unless you wash the car, you_____not drive it at the weekend.

A. may B. until C. have to D. would

13. Unless we_____more snow, we can’t go skiing.

A. if B. could C. have D. have had

14. If Peter_____his car before the drive, he_______the problem of out of petrol.
A. checked/will not get B. had checked/would not have got

C. checks/will not have got D. would be checking/ will not have got

15. Hurry up_____you will miss the bus and be late for school.

A. if B. and C. or D. as

IV. Bài tập viết lại câu dưới dạng câu điều kiện đảo ngữ

1. If we go by train, it will be cheaper.

 Should we go by train, it will be cheaper.
2. If Lan doesn’t hurry, she will be late.

=>Should Lan not hurry, she will be late.

3. If the weather is rainy, we will stay at home.

=> Should the weather be rainy, we will stay at home.

4. If I had a map, I would lend it to you.

=> Were I to have a map, I would lend it to you.

5. If you had told me, I could have helped you.

=> Had you not told me, I could have helped you

6. If I were your mother, I would insist you study harder.

=>Were I your mother, I would insist you study harder.

7. If our leader calls, let me know immediately.

=> Should our leader call, let me know immediately.

8. If I were a millionaire, I would buy that modern villa.

=>Were I a millionaire, I would buy that modern villa.

9. If you had known my boss, you would have thought he was talented.

=> Had you known my boss, you would have thought he was talented.

10. If it hadn’t been for the thief, I wouldn’t have bought a new mobile phone.

=>Had it not been for the thief, I wouldn’t have bought a new mobile phone.