CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

(CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)
I. LÍ THUYẾT
1. Công thức
Loại Công thức Cách sử dụng
0 If + S + V(hiện tại đơn), S+ V(hiện tại đơn) Diễn tả thói quen, sự thật hiển
Ex: If you freeze water, it becomes a solid. nhiên
1 If + S + V(hiện tại đơn), S + will/ can/ should/ may + Diễn tả sự việc xảy ra ở hiện tại, ở
V tương lai
Ex: If the weather is nice, I will go swimming
tomorrow.
2 If + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + would/ could/ should/ Diễn tả sự việc không có thật ở hiện
might + V tại
Ex: If I were you, I would follow her advice.
3 If + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + would/ could/ Diễn tả sự việc không có thật ở quá
should/ might + have + Ved/ V3 khứ
Ex: If I had studied the lessons, I could have
Hỗn If + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + would/ could/ Diễn tả nguyên nhân, kết quả của 1
hợp should/ might + V sự việc
Ex: If she hadn't stayed up late last night, she wouldn't
be so tired now.

Lưu ý: Unless = If ………not

2. Viết lại câu

Mệnh đề 1 because Mệnh đề 2 (- +)
Ex: I won’t go to the cinema because I am
sick.
Mệnh đề 1 so Mệnh đề 2 (- +)
Ex: He studies hard so he will get a high
mark.
Mệnh đề 1 or Mệnh đề 2 (- +)
Ex: Do your homework or you won’t watch
TV.
=> If Mệnh đề 2, Mệnh đề 1 (lùi thì) (+ - 2 MĐ)
If I weren’t sick, I would go to the cinema.
=> If Mệnh đề 1, Mệnh đề 2 (lùi thì) (+ - 2 MĐ)
If he didn’t study hard, he wouldn’t get a high mark.
=> If Mệnh đề 1, Mệnh đề 2 (không lùi thì) (+ - 1
trong 2 MĐ, thêm chủ ngữ)
If you don’t your homework, you won’t watch TV.
II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Bài 1: Chia động từ trong câu điều kiện loại 0
1. If you __________ (expose) phosphorus to air, it __________ (burn).
2. If you __________ (heat) ice, it __________ (turn) to water.
3. If metal __________ (get) hot, it __________ (expand).
4. If you __________ (stand) in the rain, you __________ (get) wet.
5. If anyone __________ (ring) the bell, don’t __________ (open) the door.
6. If you__________ (multiply) 6 to 8, you__________ (get) 48
7. If anyone __________ (call), say that I__________ (be not) at home.
8. If you__________ (go) to the post office, you__________ (mail) this letter for me.
9. David (be) __________ sick if he (drink) __________ milk.
10. The river (freeze) __________ if it (be) __________ very cold.

Bài 2: Chia động từ trong câu điều kiện loại 1

1) If I (study)____________, I (pass) ___________ the exams.
2) If the sun (shine)____________, we (walk) ____________to the town.
3) If he (have) ___________a temperature, he (see) ____________the doctor.
4) If my friends (come)_____________, I (be) ______________very happy.
5) If she (earn) _____________a lot of money, she (fly) _____________to New York.
6) If we (travel)_____________ to London, we (visit) _____________the museums.
7) If you (wear) ____________sandals in the mountains, you (slip) _____________on the rocks.
8) If Rita (forget) ___________her homework, the teacher (give) ____________her a low mark.
9) If they (go)______________ to the disco, they (listen)______________ to loud music.
10) If you (wait) ______________a minute, I (ask) _______________my parents.

Bài 3: Chia động từ trong câu điều kiện loại 2

1. If you (play) __________________ for lower stakes, you wouldn't lose so much.
2. If you drove your car into the river, _________you (be)________able to get out?
3. If you (not belong) __________________ to a union, you couldn't get a job.
4. If I (win) __________________ a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job.
5. What ___________ you (do) ___________ if you found a burglar in your house?
6. I could tell you what this means if I (know) __________________ Greek.
7. If everybody (give) __________________ Ј1, we would have enough.
8. He might get fat if he (stop) __________________ smoking.
9. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not come) __________________.
10. If you (see) __________________ someone drowning, what would you do?

Bài 4: Chia động từ trong câu điều kiện loại 3

1. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) __________________ you.
2. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) __________________ here last week.
3. I shouldn't have believed it if I (not see) __________________ it with my own eyes.
4. If he had asked you, _____________you (accept) _____________?
5. If he had known the whole story, he (not be) _____________ so angry.
6. I (offer) _____________ to help him if I had realized that he was ill.
7. If you had left that wasp alone, it (not sting) _____________ you.
8. If I (realize) _____________ what a bad driver you were, I wouldn't have come with you.
9. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I (stop) _____________ .
10. But for the fog, we (reach) _____________ our destination ages ago.

Bài 5. Chia động từ trong câu điều kiện hỗn hợp

1. She (get) _____________ angry if you had told her.
2. If they (support) _________ our product when we asked them, they would get a discount now.
3. If you (have) _____________ something to eat in the morning, you wouldn't feel sick now.
4. I wouldn't risk it if I (be) _____________ you.
5. The chicken isn't very good. It (taste) _____________ better if you had put some spices on it.
6. If the hotel in Paris had been full, we somewhere else (stay) _____________.
7. How would you explain the meaning of this word if you (not know) _____________ it?
8. We (not be) _____________ angry if you had refused the dinner.
9. If I (not be) _____________ in a hurry when I got up, I wouldn't catch the train.
10. She would get fat if she (not stop) _____________ eating.

Bài 6. Chọn đáp án đúng

1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.
A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't
2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.
A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be
3. If I _____, I would express my feelings.
A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked
4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded.
A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did
5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal
6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.
A. would have been/ hadn't lied B. would be/ didn't lie
C. will be/ don't lie D. would be/ hadn't lied
7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests
8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to.
A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise
9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.
A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed
10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb
11. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last night
A. had known/ could have phoned B. knew/ would have phoned
C. know/ can phone D. knew/ could phone
12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell
13. If you press that button, what _____?
A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D. happen
14. She says if she had realized that the traffic lights were red, she _____.
A. would have stopped B. could stopp C. stopped D. would stop
15. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat.
A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped
16. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them.
A. had discovered/ would inform B. had discovered/ would have informed
C. had discovered/ could inform D. discovered/ can inform
17. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.
A. go/ gave B. had gone/ would have given
C. go/ give D. went/ would give
18. If he _______ the lesson yesterday, he could do the test better today.
A. has reviewed B. had reviewed C. will review D. reviewed
19. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be
20. If it had not rained last night, the roads in the city _______ so slippery now.
A. would not be B. must not be
C. could not have been D. would not have been

Bài 7: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng câu điều kiện
He can't go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
2. I can't play football this afternoon because I felt tired.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
3. She can't be employed because she doesn't have a college degree.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
4. We put off our trip because the weather was terrible.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
5. She is lazy so she can't pass the exam.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
6. He smokes too much; that's why he can't get rid of his cough.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
7. She walked to the meeting. She was late.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
8. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
9. Don’t tell lies to your boss or you'll be fired at once.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
10. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
11. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
12. You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
13. Unless you promise to return back, I won't lend you.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
14. If you do not like this one, I'll bring you another.
=> Unless _____________________________________________________________________
15. I only come if they invite me.
=> Unless _____________________________________________________________________