CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)

A. LÝ THUYẾT:
1. Có 3 loại câu điều kiện:
MỆNH ĐỀ IF (IF MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH (MAIN
LOẠI CLAUSE) CLAUSE)
IF + _______ ,S + ________
I Diễn tả hành động, sự việc có
S + V0s/es will/can + V0
(TL) thể xảy ra trong tương lai
II V2/ed Diễn tả hành động, sự việc trái
would/could + V0
(HT) (be -> were) với sự thật ở hiện tại
III Diễn tả hành động, sự việc trái
had V3/ed would/could have +V3/ed
(QK) với sự thật ở quá khứ

2. Trong mệnh đề điều kiện, ta có thể thay liên từ IF bằng UNLESS (nếu...không, trừ phi)
UNLESS = IF...NOT
Ex: If you don't study hard, you'll fail in the exam.
→ Unless you study hard, you'll fail in the exam.
3.Ta cũng có thể diễn ta câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng IF hay UNLESS bằng cách đảo chủ
ngữ ra sau should, were hoặc had. Lưu ý không được làm với các động từ khác.
Ex: If anyone should call, please take a message.
→ Should anyone call, please take a message.
If I were you, I wouldn't do that.
→ Were I you, I wouldn't do that
If I knew, I would tell you.
→ Were I to know, I would tell you
If I had known, I would have told you
→ Had I known, I would have told you.
4. Cấu trúc đáng chú ý:
Without/ But for + N/Ving, ….. ( nếu không...thì...)
Ex: If we hadn’t taken the taxi, we would have been late.
→ Without taking the taxi, we would have be late. (nếu không bắt taxi, chúng tôi có lẽ đã bị trễ)
►NOTE:
 Không bao giờ có hình thức phủ định của động từ trong mệnh đề có "UNLESS"
 Nếu câu đề bài có "AND", "OR", "WILL" → Viết câu điều kiện loại I.
 Nếu câu đề bài ở thì HT →Viết câu điều kiện loại II.
 Nếu câu đề bài ở thì QK →Viết câu điều kiện loại III.
Khi viết câu với IF thì phải bỏ "so, because, that's why"
 Trong câu có "so" thì mệnh đề có "so" sẽ là mệnh đề chính, mệnh đề còn lại là mệnh đề
"If"
 Trong câu có "because" thì mệnh đề có "because" là mệnh đề "If", mệnh đề còn lại là mệnh
đề chính.
B. Bài tập:
I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form of conditional sentences:
If 1: diễn tả một sự việc nào đó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc trong tương lai
1. If I ______(go) out tonight, Anna ______(stay) at home with my mom.
2. If we ______(stay) up late, we ______(be) exhausted tomorrow morning.
3. If I ______(not meet) him at 7AM, I ______(phone) him immediately.
4. If Mary ______(come), my mom ______(be) extremely happy.
5. If you ______(continue) staying here, you ______(be) late for school.
6. If we ______(go) on holiday this winter, we ______(visit) Osaka.
7. If it ______(rain) too much, my dad ______(stay) at home.
8. If the child ______(eat) all the candies, she ______(feel) sick.
9. If my parents ______(want) to go out, I ______(not cook) for dinner.
10. The coffee ______(taste) so bitter unless you ______(add) the milk.
11. The team ______(not win) the match unless John ______(play) with them.
12. If the weather ______(be) nice tomorrow, our family ______(have) a picnic.
13. She ______(be) delighted if her brother______(get) married.
14. If it ______(rain), they ______(cancel) the football match.
15. If she ______(get) a promotion, she______(buy) a big house.
16. If I ______________ (not wake up) early, I ______________ (be) late for school.
17. If my husband ______________ (cook), he ______________ (burn) the food.
18. If Sarah ______________ (not/wear) a hat, she ______________ (get) sunstroke.
19. If children ______________ (not/eat) enough nutrition, they ______________ (not/be)
healthy.
20. If you ______________ (mix) water and electricity, you ______________ (get ) a shock.
21. If people ______________ (eat) too many sweets, they ______________ (be) overweight
22. If you ______________ (smoke), you ______________ (get) yellow fingers.
23. If children ______________ (not/play) outside, they ______________ (get) overweight.
24. Everybody ______________ (be) grumpy if it ______________ rain) a lot.
25. The river ______________ (freeze) if it ______________ (be) extremely cold.
If 2 : diễn tả tình huống trái với thực tế ở hiện tại
1. If I ______(be) you, I ______(buy) flowers to give her.
2. If my grandfather ______(be) younger, he ______(travel) to Japan.
3. If you ______(agree) to tag along with me, I ______(not be) upset.
4. If Sarah ______(earn) enough money, she ______(pay) off all of the debts.
5. He ______(be) extremely happy if his girlfriend ______(accept) his proposal.
6. ______ (you/buy) a house if you ______(live) in Vietnam?
7. If Tung and Long ______(be) older, they ______(play) in our football team.
8. If Jackson ______(be) my friend, I ______(invite) him to my birthday party.
9. If Nam ______(get) more pocket money, he ______(ask) Hong out for dinner.
10. If they ______(win) the lottery, they ______(fly) to Osaka.
11. If I ______(meet) Black Pink, I ______(ask) for their autograph.
12. Johnson ______(not feel) lonely all the time if he ______(live) with others.
13. My dad ______(be) healthier if he ______(not smoke).
14. It ______(be) great if she ______(trust) me.
15. If I ______(not speak) Chinese, ______(you/understand) me?
If 3 : diễn tả hành động, sự việc trái với thực tế ở quá khứ
1. If you ________(study) hard for the test, you ________(pass) it with flying colors.
2. If you ________(ask) me from the very start, I ________(help) you immediately.
3. If they ________(go) to the bar, they ________(see) my friend Lily.
4. If you ________(speak) English, she ________(understand) your feeling.
5. If they ________(listen) to me, they ________(be) home earlier.
6. I ________(write) you a letter if I ________(know) your address.
7. If I ________(not/break) my arm, I ________(take part) in the contest.
8. If it ________(not/ start) to rain, we ________(walk) to the church.
9. We ________(swim) in the sea if ________there (not/ be) so many dangers there.
10. If she ________(take) the train, she ________(arrive) on time.
II. Rewrite the sentences using If:
If 1:
1. You don’t water the trees. The trees die.
If________________________________________________________________________
2. It rains. We cancel the meeting.
If________________________________________________________________________
3. I buy some gifts for my friends. I go on a trip.
If________________________________________________________________________
4. My parents do exercise regularly. They are healthier.
If________________________________________________________________________
5. We win the lottery. We buy a new house.
If________________________________________________________________________
6. Tom uses his phone in class. He doesn’t understand the lesson.
If________________________________________________________________________
7. Tomorrow isn’t Sunday. They don’t get up late.
If________________________________________________________________________
8. He won’t win the competition. He won’t receive a lot of money.
If________________________________________________________________________
9. She won’t appear. He won’t recover quickly.
If________________________________________________________________________
10. John won’t know her telephone number. He can’t call her.
If________________________________________________________________________
If 2:
1. Doris doesn’t live in Las Vegas because she doesn’t know anyone there.
If________________________________________________________________________
2. Wendy doesn’t have a spare ticket. She can’t take you to the concert of BTS.
If________________________________________________________________________
3. You sowed some seeds, but you forgot to water them so they didn’t germinate.
If________________________________________________________________________
4. Rita and Emma don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution.
If________________________________________________________________________
5. Sam can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by taxi.
If________________________________________________________________________
6. The apartments are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find my friend.
If________________________________________________________________________
7. Veron can’t come because he has to help his dad with something.
If________________________________________________________________________
8. Charles can’t apply for that job because he doesn’t know France.
If________________________________________________________________________
9. Diana doesn’t know Cindy’s email address, so she can’t tell you.
If________________________________________________________________________
10. Jimmy works on the weekends. He has no time to play with his children.
If________________________________________________________________________
If 3:
1. I wasn't hungry, so I didn't eat anything.
If________________________________________________________________________
2. The accident happened because the road was icy.
If________________________________________________________________________
3. I didn't know that Joe had to get up early, so I didn't wake him up.
If________________________________________________________________________
4. I was able to buy the car only because Jane lent me the money.
If________________________________________________________________________
5. Karen wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
If________________________________________________________________________
6. You didn't have any breakfast – that's why you were hungry.
If________________________________________________________________________
7. I didn't get a taxi because I didn't have any money.
If________________________________________________________________________
8. Vicki didn’t answer the phone because she was meeting.
If________________________________________________________________________

III. Put the verbs in the brackets in to the correct form:

1. If I see him, I _______________ (give) him a gift.
2. If I had a typewriter, I _______________ (type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I _______________ (visit) you.
4. You could make better progress if you _______________ (attend) class regularly.
5. If I _______________ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
6. If you _______________ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
7. If he worked more slowly, he _______________ (not make) so many mistakes.
8. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _______________ (be) you.
9. If I _______________ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
10. A lot of people _______________ (be) out of work if the factory closed down.
11. I (have) would have had plenty of money if I (not/spend) _______________ so much
yesterday.
12. If someone (give) _______________ you a boat, what you (do) _______________?
13. If you_______________ (press) CTRL + S, you_______________ (save) the file.
14. The children _______________ (be) happy if he taught them English.
15. If she had bought a new hard disk, she_______________ (not/ lose) all data.
16. If you are kind to me, I (be) _______ good to you.
17. He (come) _______ if you waited.
18. If you (ring) _______ the bell, the servant would come.
19. If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) _______ him.
20. If it (not, rain) _______ a lot, the rice crop wouldn’t grow.
21. If today (be) _______ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work.
22. If she had had your address, she (write) _______ to you.
23. We lost the match. If you (play) _______ for us, we (win) _______.
24. They would not be paid unless they (do) _______ their work well.
25. If I became very rich, I (build ) _______ a hospital for the poor.
26. If he (give) _______ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again.
27. He (not, have) _______ an accident if he had not been driving so fast.
28. If she (write) _______ more carefully, she might not have made too many mistakes.
29. You would have to stay in bed unless your health (improve) _______.
30. If I (have) ________ a typewriter, I could type it myself.
31. You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) _________________ so much.
32. What ______ I (do) _______ if I hear the burglar alarm?
33. If you (read)__________the instructions carefully, you wouldn't have answered the wrong
question.
34. If Mel (ask)___________her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
35. I would repair the roof myself if I (have)_____________ a long ladder.
36. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go)___________mad.
37. If you were made redundant, what _____________you (do) _____________ ?
38. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) _____________ out of petrol here.
39. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) _____________fit to drink.
40. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _____________you.
41. I'll probably get lost unless he (come) _____________with me.
42. You (not have) _____________so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
43. If you (wear) _____________a false beard, nobody would have recognized you.
44. If she (leave) _____________the fish here, the cat will eat it.
45.You (have) _____________ no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
46. Unless you (tell) _____________the truth, I won't help you.
47. You'll get pneumonia if you (not change) _____________your wet clothes.
48. If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus, I (not buy) _____________ that picture.
49. She (be) _____________able to walk faster if she didn't have such high-heel shoes.
60. I (bring) _____________you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
IV. Rewrite the sentences:
1. He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car.
If_________________________________________________________________
2. Susan felt sick because she ate 4 cream cakes.
If_________________________________________________________________
3. We didn’t know your phone number, so we could not contact you.
If_________________________________________________________________
4. The price of petrol was raised last month, so car sales have dropped again.
If_________________________________________________________________
5. I cannot go to the beach with you this weekend because I have a date with my old classmates.
If_________________________________________________________________
6. She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train.
If_________________________________________________________________
7. I never get very lonely because I have lots of good friends.
If_________________________________________________________________
8. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough time.
If_________________________________________________________________
9. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
If_________________________________________________________________
10. The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily.
If_________________________________________________________________
11. He lost all his money because he wasn ’t careful.
If_________________________________________________________________
12. Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often.
If_________________________________________________________________
13.Keep silent or you'll wake the baby up.
If_________________________________________________________________
14.Because you don't leave immediately, I call a policeman.
If_________________________________________________________________
15.I don't know her number, so I don't ring her up.
If_________________________________________________________________
16.Go right now or you'll be late for the train.
If_________________________________________________________________
17.As she often absents from class, she can't keep pace with her classmate.
If_________________________________________________________________
18.I couldn't write to Alice because I didn't know her address.
If_________________________________________________________________
19.I don't know the answer, so I can’t tell you.
If_________________________________________________________________
20.We got lost because we didn't have a map.
If_________________________________________________________________
21.His friends were so late, so they missed the train.
If_________________________________________________________________
22.Today isn't Sunday, so the pupils can’t go swimming.
If_________________________________________________________________
23.The heavy rain kept everybody from going out.
If_________________________________________________________________
24.This chair is too heavy for him to move.
If_________________________________________________________________
25.He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night.
If_________________________________________________________________
26.The church bells keep me from sleeping.
If_________________________________________________________________
27.Morning exercises make me feel better.
If_________________________________________________________________
28.Stop talking or you won't understand the lesson.
If_________________________________________________________________
29.The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
If_________________________________________________________________
30.The fridge keeps the food from spoiling.
If_________________________________________________________________
31.Be careful or you'll cut yourself with that knife.
If_________________________________________________________________
32.Be calm, or you'll make a wrong decision.
If_________________________________________________________________
33.It was very cold yesterday, so we couldn't go swimming.
If_________________________________________________________________
34.I didn't watch T.V last night because I was busy.
If_________________________________________________________________
35.Do the test carefully or you may get bad mark.
If_________________________________________________________________
36.Come soon or you may not meet us.
If_________________________________________________________________
37.Hurry up or we will miss the bus.
If_________________________________________________________________
38.Unless you study hard, you may fail the exam.
If_________________________________________________________________
39.I don't have a key, so I can't get into the house.
If_________________________________________________________________
40.Unless Nga hurries, she will miss the last train.
If_________________________________________________________________
41.Mary doesn't buy this shirt because she doesn't have enough money.
If_________________________________________________________________
42.Tom eats too much, so he gets fat.
If_________________________________________________________________
43.She doesn't work hard, so she doesn't get good marks.
If_________________________________________________________________
44.Unless he apologizes, I'll never invite him here again.
If_________________________________________________________________
45.Speak slowly or he can't understand what you mean.
If_________________________________________________________________
46.Keep our environment clean or we won't enjoy a healthy life.
If_________________________________________________________________
47.I'm not a millionaire, so I can't buy you a car.
If_________________________________________________________________
48.He will get wet unless he puts the raincoat on.
If_________________________________________________________________
49.He won't do that because you don't permit him.
If_________________________________________________________________
50.Give him some advice or he won't know what to do.
If_________________________________________________________________
51.Mary can't go to the party because she has to look after her sister.
If_________________________________________________________________
52.We don't buy a lot of new books because we don't have a lot of money.
If_________________________________________________________________
53.I can't take a photo of us because I can't find my camera.
If_________________________________________________________________
54.I am not free today, so we can't go to the beach.
If_________________________________________________________________
55.My parents don't live near me, so I can't see them on weekends.
If_________________________________________________________________