CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

Type Forms Usage

0 If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu mệnh lệnh
1 If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall...... + Vo Đk có thể xảy ra ở
hiẹn tại hoặc ở tương
lai
2 If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/ Should...+ Vo Đk không có thật ở
hiện tại
3 If + S + Had + V3/Ved, S + would/ could...+ have + V3/Ved Đk không có thật
trong quá khứ

Đk If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + Vo

hỗn
hợp

3 Loại câu điều kiện trong tiếng anh

(1) Câu điều kiện loại I

Khái niệm, cách dùng

 Câu điều kiện loại I còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại.
 Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại và nêu
kết quả có thể xảy ra. 

Cấu trúc

If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu)

HTĐ TLĐ
 Chủ ngữ 1 và chủ ngữ 2 có thể trùng nhau. Bổ ngữ có thể không có, tùy ý nghĩa của câu. Mệnh đề
IF và mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trước hay sau đều được.
 Ví dụ:
If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you. (Nếu anh vào vườn của tôi, con chó của tôi sẽ cắn anh
đó.)
If it is sunny, I will go fishing. (Nếu trời nắng tốt, tôi sẽ đi câu cá.)
If I don’t work hard, I will fail this exam. (Nếu tôi không học chăm thì tôi sẽ trượt kỳ thi này).
If I have finished my homework, I will go out. (Nếu tôi đã làm xong bài tập, tôi sẽ đi chơi.)

(2) Câu điều kiện loại II

Khái niệm, cách dùng
 Câu điều kiện loại II còn được gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại.
 Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, điều kiện chỉ là một giả thiết, một ước muốn
trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại.

Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 2

If + S + V (quá khứ), S + would + V (nguyên thể)

QKĐ would + Vnt
Chú ý: Bàng thái cách (Past subjunctive) là hình thức chia động từ giống hệt như thì quá khư đơn, riêng
động từ “to be” thì dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi.
Ví dụ:
  If I were a bird, I would be very happy. (Nếu tôi là một con chim, tôi sẽ rất hạnh phúc.)     <= tôi
không thể là chim được
 If I had a million USD, I would buy that car. (Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đó.)     <=
hiện tại tôi không có
 If I were you, I would talk to my teacher. (Nếu tôi mà là bạn, tôi sẽ nói chuyện với giáo viên).
 If he were young, he would not have difficulty in learning English. (Nếu mà còn trẻ, anh ấy sẽ không
gặp khó khan trong việc học tiếng Anh).

(3) Câu điều kiện loại III

Khái niệm, cách dùng
 Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ.
 Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một giả thiết trái
ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.
Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 3

If + S + had + VpII (quá khứ phân từ), S + would + have + VpII

QKHT would have VpII
Ví dụ:
 If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the movies. (Nếu hôm qua nó đến
thăm tôi thì tôi đã đưa nó đi xem phim rồi.)
 If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him. (Nếu hôm qua tôi không vắng mặt thì tôi đã
gặp mặt anh ta rồi.)
 If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared more food. (Nếu tôi biết bạn đang đến thì tôi
đã chuẩn bị nhiều thức ăn hơn.)

If not = Unless.
- Unless cũng thường được dùng trong câu điều kiện - lúc đó Unless = If not. Ví dụ:
 Unless we start at once, we will be late.
f we don't start at once we will be late.
 Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams.
If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams.

Bài tập câu điều kiện

Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 1
1) If we...........(send) an invitation, our friends...........( come) to our party.
2) He...........(not/understand) you if you (whisper).
3) They...........(not/ survive) in the desert if they...........(not/ take) extra water with them.
4) If you...........(press) CTRL + s, you...........(save) the file.
5) You...........(cross) the Channel if you...........(fly) from Paris to London.
6) Fred...........(answer) the phone if his wife (have) a bath.
7) If Claire...........(wear) this dress at the party, our guests...........(not/stay) any longer.
8) If I...........(touch) this snake, my girlfriend...........(not/ scream).
9) She...........(forget) to pick you up if you (not/ phone) her.
10) I...........(remember) you if you...........( give) me a photo.
Bài tập Câu điều kiện loại 2
1) If you...........(help) your grandma, I...........(do) the shopping.
2) Andrew...........(water) the flowers if he...........(stay) at home.
3) If she...........(have) 5 pounds more, she...........(buy) herself this T-shirt.
4) If they...........(offer) me the job, I...........(take) it.
5) You...........(have) summer holidays from June till August if you...........(live) in the USA.
6) We...........(sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron...........(repair) it.
7) If you...........(use) a pencil, the drawing...........(be) perfect.
8) The children...........(be) happy if he...........(teach) them English.
9) If Ireen...........(visit) us, we...........(go) out tonight.
10) They...........(come) again if he...........(plan) a second stay.
Bài tập Câu điều kiện loại 3
1) If you...........(check) the car, it (not/break) down in the middle of the desert.
2) If it...........(not/rain), the children (play) outside.
3) If my parents...........(not/be) so tired, they...........(watch) the film on TV.
4) If she...........(buy) a new hard disk, she...........(not/lose) all data.
5) If we...........(use) the town map, we...........(not/get) lost.
6) If Tom...........(eat) more salad, he (not/catch) a cold.
7) If the police...........(not/stop) me, I...........(reach) you in time.
8) If his older brother...........(not/drive) so fast, he...........(not/crash) into the other car.
9) If Fred...........(not/cheat) at the test, his teacher...........(not/phone) his father.
10) If I...........(not/switch off) the radio, I...........(know) about the second goal.

EXERCISE I: Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses.

1/ If I (have) ________ a typewriter, I could type it myself.
2/ If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) ________ you.
3/ You could make much progress if you (attend) ________ class regularly.
4/ If I (know) ________ his telephone number, I would give it to you.
5/ If you (arrive) ________ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
6/ If he (study) ________ harder, he can pass an exam.
7/ She may be late if she (not hurry) ________.
8/ Tell him to ring me if you (see) ________ him.
9/ If you (speak) ________ more slowly,he might have understood you.
10/ What (you do) ________ if you got fat?

EXERCISE II:
1/ If you are kind to me, I (be) _______ good to you.
2/ He (come) _______ if you waited.
3/ If you (ring) _______ the bell, the servant would come.
4/ If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) _______ him.
5/ If it (not, rain) _______ a lot, the rice crop wouln’t grow.
6/ If today (be) _______ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work.
7/ If she had had your address, she (write) _______ to you.
8/ We lost the match. If you (play) _______ for us, we (win) _______.
10/ They would not be paid unless they (do) _______ their work well.
11. If we meet at 9:30, we (have) _________________plenty of time.
12. If you (find) _________________ a skeleton in the cellar, don't mention it to anyone.
13. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she ( feed) _________________ the animals..
14. If you pass your examination, we (have) _________________a celebration.
15. Lisa would find the milk if she (look) _________________ for it in the fridge.
16. What (happen) _________________if I press this button?
17. The door will be unlocked if you (press)_________________ the green button.
18. I should have voted for her if I (have) _________________ a vote then.
19. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) _________________?
20. If you (swim) _________________ in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.
21. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) _________________?
22. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) _________________thick.
23. If the milkman (come) _________________, tell him to leave two pints.
24. I (call) _________________ the office if I were you.
25. Someone (sit) _________________on your glasses if you leave them there.
26. You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) _________________so much.
27. What I (do) _________________if I hear the burglar alarm?
28. If you (read) _____________the instructions carefully, you wouldn't have answered the wrong question.
29. If Mel (ask) _________________ her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
30. I would repair the roof myself if I (have) _________________a long ladder.
31. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) _________________mad.
32. If you were made redundant, what you (do) _________________?
33. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) _________________out of petrol here.
34. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) _________________ fit to drink.
35. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _________________ you.
36. I'll probably get lost unless he (come) _________________with me.
37. You (not have) _________________ so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
38. If you (wear) _________________ a false beard, nobody would have recognized you.
39. If she (leave) _________________ the fish here, the cat will eat it.
40. You (have) _________________ no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
41. Unless you (tell) __________________ the truth, I won't help you.
42. You'll get pneumonia if you (not change) _________________ your wet clothes.
43. If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus, I (not buy) _________________ it.
44. If they (hang) _________________ that picture lower, people would be able to see it.
45. She (be) _________________able to walk faster if she didn't have such high-heel shoes.
46. I (bring) _________________ you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
47. If you had touched that electric cable, you (be) _________________ electrocuted.
48. If the story hadn't been true, the newspaper (not print) _________________ it.
49. I (not buy) _________________ things on the installment system if I were you.
50. Dan (arrive) _________________ safe if he drove slowly.

EXERCISE3: Choose the correct answer.

1. If I _______the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.
A. have                   B. would have                    C. had had                   D. should have
 2. I __________you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A. would have visited                   B. visited                  C. had visited                       D. visit
3. __________more help, I would call my neighbor.
A. needed                                    B. should I need               C. I have needed                    D. I should need
4. _______then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.
A. had I known                               B. did I know                     C. If I know                 D. If I would know
5. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people __________the same language?
A. spoke                                          B. speak                            C. had spoken               D. will speak
6. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, __________this incident again.
A. I will never mention                  B. I never mention
C. will I never mention                   D. I don't mention
7. If I had known you were asleep, I __________so much noise when I came in.
A. didn't make                       B. wouldn't have made
C. won't make                         D. don't make
8. Unless you __________all of my questions, I can't do anything to help you.
A. answered             B. answer                C. would answer                      D. are answering
9. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I __________it.
A. would have never believed                           B. don't believe
C. hadn't believed                                              D. can't believe
10. If Jake __________to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn't agree                        B. didn't agree                  C. hadn't agreed                  D. wouldn't agree
11. J: "John went to the hospital alone"
K: "If __________, I would have gone with him".
A. had he told me          B. he had told me                C. he has told me             D. he would tell me
12. If you __________, I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to watch T.V, but I
didn't want to bother you.
A. had studied             B. studied                              C. hadn't studied                     D. didn't study
13. Peter: "Did you need help with your Math last night?".
Mary: "If I had needed, I __________you".
A. would call             B. called                                  C. would have called                D. will call
14. If someone __________ in to the store, smile and say, "May I help you?"
A. comes                        B. came                             C. come                           D. should come
15. "Here's my phone number".
"Thanks. I'll give you a call if I __________some help tomorrow"
A. will need                     B. need                        C. would need                             D. needed
16. If I didn't work for an accounting firm, I __________in a bank now.
A. work                           B. will work               C. have worked                          D. would work
17. The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions __________improved.
A. was                          B. is                 C. were                        D. had been
18. The education in Japan __________if the basic principles of education had not been taken into
consideration.
A. would go down                             B. would have gone down
C. went down                                      D. had gone down
19. If there __________, the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. had been enough water                       B. were enough water
C. would be enough water                          D. are enough water
20. The patient will not recover unless he __________ an operation.
A. had undergone                B. would undergo                C. undergoes               D. was undergoing
21. If she __________ him, she would be very happy.
A. would meet                    B. will meet                             C. met                            D. should meet
22. If he __________ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A. had had                         B. had                                      C. has             D. has had
23. If I had enough money, I__________ abroad to improve my English.
A. will go                     B. would go                             C. went                      D. should have go to
24. The bench would collapse if they __________on it.
A. stood                     B. stand                                     C. standing                  D. stands
25. If it __________convenient, let's go out for a drink tonight,
A. be                          B. is                                    C. was                              D. were

EXERCISE 4: Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown

1- I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet. 
>  I wouldn’t……………………………………..
2- I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.   
> Unless…………………………………………….
3- In the snowy weather we don’t go to school.      
>If……………………………………………………
4- Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move this table.           .
>If…………………………………………………………………..
5- You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.
>If you……………………………………………..………………………………..
6- Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you some sweets.
> If…………………………………………….……………………………….
7- If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed her.           
Unless………………………………………………………………
8- They canceled the train because the weather was heavily rainy
> If………………………………………………………………………………………
9- I wouldn’t accept if you ask me to marry you.               
If you were………………………………………………………………………………..
10- I might be late. If so, start without me.                
If I………………………………………….………………………
11- Dick is in prison because a detective recognized him.            
If a………………………………………………………………….……...
12- If you want my advice, I’d think twice about buying a car like that.           
If I………………………………………………………………………
13- Getting up early makes me feel hungry.             
If ………………………………………………………………………………..
14. I don’t come beause I’m tired
> If………………………………………………………………………………………….
> Unless…………………………………………………………………………………….
15. I didn’t catch up with her because was ill last semester.
> If………………………………………………………………………………………
> Unless………………………………………………………………………………………
16. He studies badly because he is lazy.
> If………………………………………………………………………………………
> Unless………………………………………………………………………………………
17. She works lazily so I don’t teach her.
> If………………………………………………………………………………………
> Unless………………………………………………………………………………………
18. You can’t visit the USA unless you have a visa.
=> If you.................................................................
19. We didn’t go on holiday because we did not have enough money.
=> If we.................................................................................................
20. She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train.
=> If……………………………………………………………………….
21. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> If……………………………………….…………………………………..
22. We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If………………………………………………………………..
23. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If………………. ……………………………………………………………..
24. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If……………………….……………………………………..……………..
25. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up. 
→ If…………………………………….....….…….
26. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.
→ If…………………………………….....….…….
27. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.
→If…………………………………….....….……..
28. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.
→ If …………………………………………….………..
29. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
→ If …………………………………….……..…….……
30. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
→……………………………………………..……
31. He lost his job because he was late every day.
→………………………………………………...……
32. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips.
→……………………………………………………...…..
33. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.
→………………………………..….