CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc, mà sự
việc đó chỉ có thể xảy ra khi điều kiện được nói đến xảy ra. Câu điều
kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề):
Mệnh đề nêu lên điều kiện (còn gọi là mệnh đề IF) là mệnh đề phụ
hay mệnh đề điều kiện
Mệnh đề nêu lên kết quả là mệnh đề chính.
Loạ Công thức Cách sử dụng
i
0 If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu  Điều kiện diễn tả thói
mệnh lệnh quen, sự thật hiển nhiên
1 If + S + V(s,es), S +  Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở
will/can/must …… + V hiện tại ở tương lai
 Ex: If the weather is nice, I will
go swimming tomorrow.
2 If + S + V2/ Ved, S + would/  Điều kiện không có thật ở
could/ might …+ V hiện tại
Ex: If I were you, I would follow
her advice.
3 If + S + had + P2, S + would/  Điều kiện không có thật
could…+ have + P2 trong quá khứ
Ex: If I had studied the lessons, I
could have answered the
questions.
Mix If + S + had + P2, Giả thiết trái ngược với quá
S + would + V khứ, nhưng kết quả thì trái
Ex: If she hadn't stayed up late ngược với hiện tại) 
last night, she wouldn't be so
 tired now.
Mix If + S + V2/ Ved, Giả thiết trái ngược với
S + would/ could…+ have + P2 hiện tại nhưng kết quả trái
Ex: If I had a mobile phone, I ngược với quá khứ)
would have phoned you last
night.

Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện:

Dùng should, were, had đảo lên trước chủ ngữ (should là dùng
trong điều kiện loại 1; were dùng trong loại 2; had dùng trong
loại 3)
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1:
Should + S + V, S + Will +V
Ex: Should I meet him tomorrow, I will give him this letter
= If I meet him tomorrow, I will give him this letter
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2:
Were + S + to + V, S + Would + V
Ex: Were I you, I would buy this house
= If I were you, I would buy this house.
Ex: Were I the president, I would build more hospitals.
= If I w
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3:
Had + S + P2, S + would have + P2
Ví dụ: Had he driven carefully, the accident wouldn't have
happened.
= If he had driven carefully, the accident wouldn't have happened.
Những trường hợp khác trong câu điều kiện:
a. Unless = If...not (Trừ phi, nếu...không)
Ví dụ:  If you don't study hard, you can't pass the exam. = Unless
you work hard, you can't pass the exam.
b. Cụm Từ đồng nghĩa: Suppose / Supposing (giả sử như), in case
(trong trường hợp), even if (ngay cả khi, cho dù), as long as, so long
as, provided (that), on condition (that) (miễn là, với điều kiện là) có
thể thay cho if trong câu điều kiện
Ví dụ: Supposing (that) you are wrong, what will you do then?
c. Without: không có
Ví dụ: Without water, life wouldn't exist. = If there were no water,
life wouldn't exist.

PRACTICE
I. Conditional sentences - type 1: (câu điều kiện – loại 1)
1.I (buy) …………………….a car if you lend me some money.
2.If the book (not be) ………………………….expensive, I'll buy it.
3.I'll go out if it (not rain) …………………..
4.If that hat costs much, I (buy) …………………a small one.
5.If she (make) …………………….that mistake again, her teacher
will get angry with me.
6.I will lend them some money if they (ask) ………………….me.
7.My dog will bark if it (hear) …………………any strange sound.
8.They (let) …………………….you in if you come late.
9.He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago. If his
mother (come) ……………home, he will have a lot of presents.
10. The kitchen will look better if we (have) …………….
red curtains.
11. If we (keep on )……………… using more and more motor
vehicles, we ( run out) …………….of oil
12. If we ( run out) ………………..of oil, we (need)
…………………..other kind of energy.
13. If we (use) ………………more oil and coal, pollution
(increase) ………………….
14. If pollution (increase)………………, more and more trees (die)
…………………….
15. If more and more trees (die)……………….., the climate
(change)…………………….
16. If the climate (change)…………….., we ( meet) ……………
with natural disasters.
17. If we( try) …………………..to control pollution, it (be)
………………… very expensive
18. If you ……………..(not see) me tomorrow, I …………………
( call) you up
19. We’re going to leave tomorrow if the weather ( be)
……………………. nice.
20. If he ( speak) ……………………….more slowly, we will
understand him.
21. If Betty ( not / like)…………………… the sweater, she will
exchange it.
22. What ……………..you (do)…………………. if you have a
million dollars?
23. You will get much higher marks if you (study)
………………………. harder.
24. If he ( not/ ask)……………………… me , I will not tell him
anything.
25. Father will surely get wet if he ( not/ take)……………………
his umbrella.
26. If I ( be)…………………….. in your place, I will accept his
offer.
27. If it …………………(rain) we will stay at home.
28. We …………………(ruin) our eyes if we read in bad light.
29. My family will go to Dalat if we ……………….(have) more
money.
30. I ……………….(tell) him this news if I see him.
31. If you ……………….(not hurry), you will be late for school.
32. We ……………….(be) tired if we …………………..(walk) to
the market.
33. If you play games too much, you ……………………(not pass)
the exam.
34. We ………………(not go) out if the weather is not nice
tomorrow.
35. If my sister ………………..(have) enough money, she will buy
a new house.
36. You ( have) ………………….enough time to eat lunch if you
get here early.
II. Conditional sentences – type 2: (câu điều kiện – loại 2)
1.Would you like if I …………………..(close) the windows?
2.What would happen if I …………………(not do) that?
3.He couldn’t understand if we ………………..(not explain) more.
4.If we didn’t visit her, she ……………………(be) very sad.
5.We …………………(not be) tired if we didn’t try to do that.
6.If I refused, he …………………….(be) very disappointed.
7.I ……………………(take) this job if I were out of work now.
8.You would be very upset if you …………………(lose) it.
9.He would feel better if he …………………(exercise) more.
10. I (tell)……………………….. the answer if I knew it.
11. If we …………………(not come) she would feel lonely.
12. If we didn’t take this job, we……………….. (not earn) a lot of
money.
13. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not come)
………………………
14. If you (see) …………………..someone drowning, what would
you do?
15. If you slept under a mosquito net, you (not be)
………………………..bitten so often.
16. I could get a job easily if I (have) ……………………a degree.
17. If we had more rain, our crops (grow)
…………………….faster.
18. We could save his life if we ………………(find) him earlier.
19. He could be a medical student if he …………………..(try)
more.
20. Would you like if I …………………..(open) the door?
21. What would happen if I …………………(press) that botton?
22. He might get fat if he (stop)……………………smoking.
23. If he knew that it was good for his health, he (do)
………………………
24. If I knew that you were ill, I (go)…………………. to see you.
25. You would be very surprised if he (return)
………………………..
26. They wouldn't come to the party if you (not invite)
……………………them.
27. 10. What would you do if you (be) ………………..him?
28. If I spoke English, my job (be) ……………………….a lot
easier.
29. If he (have) ………………………enough money, he would
buy a house.
30. If I (be) ………………….you, I would tell the truth.
31. If I knew his address, I (go) ……………………………..round
and see him.
32. It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be)
…………………….here, she could know what to do.
III. Conditional sentences - type 3:
1.If I had gone by car, I ……………………(have) a car sick.
2.I ………………….(have) money for lunch now if I hadn’t left my
wallet at home this morning.
3.We could have had a fine if we …………………(throw) wastes in
the park.
4.If I hadn’t traveled by plane, I ………………….(not go) there on
time.
5.If we ……………..(not bring) enough food, we would have spent
a lot of money in expensive restaurants.
6.If we had been hungry, I …………………(eat) something there.
7.If we had not been wearing a seat belt, I ……………………(be)
seriously injured.
8.The accident wouldn’t have happened if the driver in front
……………………(not stop) suddenly.
9.If I had known the news, I ………………..(tell) him about it.
10. I would have got a taxi if I ………………..(have) money.
11. If Hoa …………………(not lend) me the money, I couldn’t
have been able to buy the car.
12. If I had had more time, I ………………….(help) her in
English.
13. If you (drive) …………………more carefully, you wouldn’t
have had so many accidents.
14. I would have seen him if I (go) ………………………to the
party last night.
15. We could have gone out if the weather (not be)
……………………..so bad.
16. If he had gone to London yesterday, he (meet)
………………..his old friend.
17. If we had known who he was, we (invite)
……………………..him to speak at our meeting.
18. He didn’t listen to the teacher. If he (listen) .. carefully, he
could have performed well in the examination.
19. If she'd had enough money, she (buy)
……………………………a car.
20. If you (not be) ………………………so busy, I would have
shown you how to play
21. He wanted to buy some Christmas presents but he couldn’t. If
he had afforded to buy, his children (be) ………………….very
happy to greet a new year.
22. I was busy. If I (have) …………………free time. I could have
gone to the cinema with you.
23. I could have understood him if he (speak)
………………….more slowly.
IV. Conditional sentences – type 4: (câu điều kiện – loại 4)
1.If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I …………………(not feel)
asleep now.
2.I could tell you about it now if I ………………..(go) there last
night.
3.He would not be tired now if he …………………(not drink) too
much yesterday evening.
4.If I had bought the car yesterday, I …………………..(have)
money to buy this now.
5.If he had gone to the class more regularly, he ………………..(be)
in grade 11 now.
6.If I had caught that flight, I ……………………..(be) dead now.
7.If I had had breakfast, I ………………….(not be) hungry now.
8.If my uncle……………………(not miss) the train, he would be
here now.
9.We would be in Hanoi now if the weather (not be)
……………………..so bad.
10. If he did not play games online too much, he (be)
………………..a good student now.
11. If he had not received the red card, his team
……………………(get) the cup now.
12. If I had known the news, I ………………..(tell) him about it
now.
V. Exercises: Conditional sentences - type 1, 2, 3, 4:
13. Would you like if I …………………..(close) the windows?
14. What would happen if I …………………(not do) that?
15. He couldn’t understand if we ………………..(not explain)
more.
16. If we didn’t visit her, she ……………………(be) very sad.
17. We …………………(not be) tired if we didn’t try to do that
18. If I had gone by car, I ……………………(have) a car sick.
19. I ………………….(have) money for lunch now if I hadn’t left
my wallet at home this morning.
20. We could have had a fine if we …………………(throw)
wastes in the park.
21. If I hadn’t traveled by plane, I ………………….(not go) there
on time.
22. If we ……….. (not bring) enough food, we would have spent a
lot of money in expensive restaurants.
23. I (buy) …………………….a car if you lend me some money.
24. If the book (not be) ………………………….expensive, I'll
buy it.
25. I'll go out if it (not rain) …………………..
26. If that hat costs much, I (buy) …………………a small one.
27. If she (make) …………………….that mistake again, her
teacher will get angry with me.
28. If I hadn’t stayed up late lastnight, I …………………(not feel)
asleep now.
29. I could tell you about it now if I ………………..(go) there last
night.
30. He would not be tired now if he …………………(not drink)
too much yesterday evening.
31. If I had bought the car yesterday, I …………………..(have)
money to buy this now.
32. If he had gone to the class more regularly, he ………………..
(be) in grade 11 now.
33. I will lend them some money if they (ask)
………………….me.
34. My dog will bark if it (hear) …………………………any
strange sound.
35. They (let) …………………….you in if you come late.
36. He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago. If his
mother (come) ……………home, he will have a lot of presents.
37. The kitchen will look better if we (have)
…………………….red curtains.
38. If I refused, he …………………….(be) very disappointed.
39. I ……………………(take) this job if I were out of work now.
40. You would be very upset if you …………………(lose) it.
41. He would feel better if he …………………(exercise) more.
42. I (tell)……………………….. the answer if I knew it.
43. If we had been hungry, I …………………(eat) something
there.
44. If we had not been wearing a seat belt, I ……………………
(be) seriously injured.
45. The accident wouldn’t have happened if the driver in front
……………………(not stop) suddenly.
46. If I had known the news, I ………………..(tell) him about it.
47. I would have got a taxi if I ………………..(have) money.
48. If Hoa …………………(not lend) me the money, I couldn’t
have been able to buy the car.
49. If I had had more time, I ………………….(help) her in
English.
50. If you (drive) …………………more carefully, you wouldn’t
have had so many accidents.
51. I would have seen him if I (go) ………………………to the
party last night.
52. We could have gone out if the weather (not be)
……………………..so bad.
53. I (tell)……………………….. the answer if I knew it.
54. If we …………………(not come) she would feel lonely.
55. If we didn’t take this job, we……………….. (not earn) a lot of
money.
56. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not come)
………………………
57. If you (see) …………………..someone drowning, what would
you do?
58. If you slept under a mosquito net, you (not be)
………………………..bitten so often.
59. If we (keep on )……………… using more and more motor
vehicles, we ( run out) …………….of oil
60. If we ( run out) ………………..of oil, we (need)
…………………..other kind of energy.
61. If we (use) ………………more oil and coal, pollution
(increase)………………….
62. If pollution (increase)………………, more and more trees (die)
…………………….
63. If more and more trees (die)……………….., the climate
(change)…………………….
64. If the climate (change)………………….., we( meet)
…………………… with natural disasters.
65. If we( try) …………………..to control pollution, it (be)
………………… very expensive
66. If you ……………..(not see) me tomorrow, I …………………
( call) you up
67. We’re going to leave tomorrow if the weather ( be)
……………………. nice.
68. If he ( speak) ……………………….more slowly, we will
understand him.
69. If I had caught that flight, I ……………………..(be) dead
now.
70. If I had had breakfast, I ………………….(not be) hungry now.
71. If my uncle……………………(not miss) the train, he would
be here now.
72. We would be in Hanoi now if the weather (not be)
……………………..so bad.
73. If he did not play games online too much, he (be)
………………..a good student now.
74. If he had not received the red card, his team
……………………(get) the cup now.
75. If I had known the news, I ………………..(tell) him about it
now.
76. If he had gone to London yesterday, he (meet)
………………..his old friend.
77. If we had known who he was, we (invite)
……………………..him to speak at our meeting.
78. He didn’t listen to the teacher. If he (listen)
……………………..carefully, he could have performed well in the
examination.
79. If she'd had enough money, she (buy)
……………………………a car.
80. If you (not be) ………………………so busy, I would have
shown you how to play
81. He wanted to buy some Christmas presents but he couldn’t. If
he had afforded to buy, his children (be) ………………….very
happy to greet a new year.
82. I was busy. If I (have) …………………free time. I could have
gone to the cinema with you.
83. I could have understood him if he (speak)
………………….more slowly.
84. They wouldn't come to the party if you (not invite)
……………………them.
85. 10. What would you do if you (be) ………………..him?
86. If I spoke English, my job (be) ……………………….a lot
easier.
87. If he (have) ………………………enough money, he would
buy a house.
88. If I (be) ………………….you, I would tell the truth.
89. If I knew his address, I (go) ……………………………..round
and see him.
90. It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be)
…………………….here, she could know what to do.
91. If Betty ( not / like)…………………… the sweater, she will
exchange it.
92. What ……………..you (do)…………………. if you have a
million dollars?
93. You will get much higher marks if you (study)
………………………. harder.
94. If he ( not/ ask)……………………… me , I will not tell him
anything.
95. Father will surely get wet if he ( not/ take)……………………
his umbrella.
96. If I ( be)…………………….. in your place, I will accept his
offer.
97. If it …………………(rain) we will stay at home.
V. Finish the second sentences
1.Peter is fat because he eats a lot of chips.
If ..............................................................................................
2.She hates school so she doesn’t study hard.
 If ........................................................................................
3.I don’t visit you because you live so far way.
 If .......................................................................................
4. She can’t go to the party because I don’t invite her.
If ...........................................................................
5.Today is not Sunday, so we can’t go swimming.
If ..................................................................................
6.we take this job, so we earn a lot of money.
 If ......................................................................................
7.he doesn’t know that it is dangerous, so he comes.
 .................................................................................
8.I can’t get a job easily because I don’t have a degree.
 ...........................................................................
9. We don’t have much rain, so our crops don’t grow fast.
 .........................................................................
10. We can’t save his life because we don’t find him early.
 ..........................................................................
11. He can’t be a medical student because he doesn’t try.
 ..........................................................................
12. He can’t get fat because he doesn’t stop smoking.
 .................................................................................
13. He doesn’t know that it is good for his health, so he doesn’t do.
 ..............................................................
14. I don’t speak English, so my job isn’t easy.
 ........................................................................................
15. he doesn’t have enough money, so he doesn’t buy a house.
 ..................................................................
16. I am not you, so I don’t tell the truth.
 ...................................................................................................
17. He understands because we explain more
 ...........................................................................................
18. We are tired because we try to do that.
 ...............................................................................................
19. I don’t take this job because I am not out of work now.
 .......................................................................
20. He don’t feel better because he doesn’t exercise more.
 .........................................................................
21. I don’t tell the answer because I don’t know it.
 ......................................................................................
VI. Finish the second sentences
1. I didn’t talk to him because I didn’t know him
 If ..................................................................................
2. We didn’t have enough rain, so we could not grow rice.
 If …………………………………………………
3. The newspaper didn’t print the story because it wasn’t true.
 If ......................................................................
4. John didn’t have money so he couldn’t lend you some.
 If .....................................................................
5. We couldn’t go out because the weather was so bad.
 If ---------------------------------------------------------
6.Mary didn’t wear the raincoat, so she got a cold.
 If ----------------------------------------------------------------
7. I couldn’t do the test because it was too difficult.
 If ..............................................................................
8. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.
 If ............................................................
9. I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything.
 If ...........................................................................................
10. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped
suddenly.
 If ..................................................................
11. I didn’t know that Lan had to get up early, so I didn’t wake her
up.
 If ....................................................................................
12. I was able to buy the car because Hoa lent me the money.
 If ..............................................................
13. Marry was not injured in the crash because she was wearing the
seat belt.
 If ............................................................
14. I didn’t get a taxi because I didn’t have any money on me.
 If ..............................................................
15. A bull was blocking the road, so we didn’t arrive on time.
 If ..............................................................
16. I was working at the restaurant last night, so I didn’t wait on
your table.
 If .............................................................................................
17. Carol didn’t answer the phone because he was studying.
 If .................................................................
18. The sun was shining, so we went to the beach yesterday.
 If .....................................................................
19. I stayed up late last night, so I feel asleep now.
 If ............................................................................
20. I can’t tell you about it now because I didn’t go there last night.
 ..................................................
21. He is tired now because he drank too much yesterday evening.
 If ...............................................................................................
22. I bought the car yesterday, so I don’t have money to buy this
now.
 .......................................................................................................
23. He didn’t go to the class regularly, so he is not in grade 11 now.
 ..................................................................................................
24. We are not in Hanoi now because the weather was so bad.
 ............................................................
25. My uncle missed the train, so he is not here now.
 ...................................................................................
VII. Finish the second sentences
1. I didn’t talk to him because I didn’t know him
 If .....................................................................................
2. We didn’t have enough rain, so we could not grow rice.
 If ………………………………………………….……………
3. The newspaper didn’t print the story because it wasn’t true.
 If ......................................................................._
4. John didn’t have money so he couldn’t lend you some.
 If ...................................................................
5. We couldn’t go out because the weather was so bad.
 If …………………..
…………………………………………………….
6. Mary didn’t wear the raincoat, so she got a cold.
 If………………………………………………………….
7. I couldn’t do the test because it was too difficult.
 If ........................................................................
8. She hates school so she doesn’t study hard.
 If ..................................................................................
9. I don’t visit you because you live so far way.
 If .............................................................……
10. She can’t go to the party because I don’t invite her.
 If ............................................................
10. Today is not Sunday, so we can’t go swimming.
 If …………………………….....................