CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

I. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

1.1. Câu điều kiện loại 0 – Zero Conditional
Cách dùng Example
Dùng để diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên If you heat ice, it melts
Dùng để yêu cầu, nhờ vả giúp đỡ hoặc nhắn If you can play UNO, teach me how to play
nhủ một điều gì đó
Dùng để diễn tả một thói quen, hành động I usually cycle on weekends if the weather
hoặc sự việc xảy ra thường xuyên is good

CẤU TRÚC CÂU: “If S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (hiện tại đơn)”
Example: If it rains, the plants get wet.
1.2. Câu điều kiện loại 1 – First Conditional
Cách dùng Example
Dùng để dự đoán một hành động, sự việc có If I get up early, I’ll go to work on time.
thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Dùng để đề nghị hoặc gợi ý I’ll take you to school if you buy me an ice
cream.
Dùng để cảnh báo hoặc đe dọa If you don’t do your homework, you will be
penalized by the teacher

CẤU TRÚC CÂU: “If S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + will + V”

CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO: “Should S + V(nguyên mẫu), S + V (hiện tại đơn)”
Example: If my brother has free time, he will read comic books.
→ Should my brother have free time, he will read comic books.
1.3. Câu điều kiện loại 2 – Second Conditional
Cách dùng Example
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động, sự việc có If I were rich, I would buy that house
thể không xảy ra trong tương lai
Dùng để khuyên bảo, đề nghị hoặc yêu cầu I wouldn’t buy it if I were you.

CẤU TRÚC CÂU: “If S + V_ed (quá khứ đơn), S + would+ V(nguyên mẫu)”
CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO: “Were + S + to V, S + would + V(nguyên mẫu)”
Example: If you took that music class, you could play the piano.
→ Were you to take that music class, you could play the piano.
Lưu ý: Chúng ta có thể thay would bằng could, should, may, might,
Đảo ngữ của IF WEREN’T FOR = WERE IT NOT FOR
1.4. Câu điều kiện loại 3 – Third Conditional
Cách dùng Example
Diễn tả giả thiết về một hành động, sự việc If I had seen you then, I would have invited
đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ you to dinner.
Sử dụng might để diễn tả một hành động, sự If I had played better, I might have won.
việc đã có thể xảy ra trong quá khứ những
không chắc chắn
Sử dụng could để diễn tả một hành động, sự If I had enough money, I could have bought
việc đủ điều kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ nếu the phone.
điều kiện nói tới xảy ra

CẤU TRÚC CÂU: “If S +had + PII (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + would have + PP”
CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO: “Had + S +PII, S + would have + PII”
Example: If Julie had run faster, she might have won. → Had Julie run faster, she might have won.
Lưu ý: Đảo ngữ của IF IT HADN’T BEEN FOR = HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR
1.5. Câu điều kiện mix
Cấu trúc câu Cách sử dụng Example
If S + had + PII, S + would + V Diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược If I hadn't missed that
trong quá khứ và kết quả bus, I wouldn't be late
trái ngược với hiện tại. now.

If S + V(ed), S + would + have
+ PII
Dùng để diễn tả giả thiết trái If I were you, I would
ngược với thực tại, còn kết have told my mom all
quả thì trái ngược với quá the story.
khứ
If I knew the answer,
I would have told you
already.

II. MỘT SỐ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ẨN

1. OTHERWISE: Nếu không thì
My father pays the fee, otherwise I wouldn’t be here = If my father didn’t pay the fee, I wouldn’t be
here.
2. WITHOUT: Nếu không có = BUT FOR
Without his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam = If it hadn’t for his help, I wouldn’t passed the
exam = But for his help, I wouldn’t passed the exam.
3. UNLESS = IF NOT
Don’t call me unless you need help = If you don’t need help, don’t call me.
4. PROVIDED THAT/ SUPPORTING THAT = IF: Nếu như, cho rằng là
Provided that it is sunny, shall we go out = Iff it is sunny, shall we go out.
5. AS LONG AS/ SO LONG AS: miễn là, với điều kiện là
I’ll lend you some money as long as you pay me back by Friday.
6. EVEN IF; ngay cả nếu
Even if you give me money, I won’t come to that party.
7. ONLY IF: Chỉ nếu
I’ll let you go only if you have finished your homework.
8. IN CASE: Trong trường hợp
Bring an umbrella in case it rains
III – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

Exercise 1. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1. If the train is late, we..................to the office.

A. walk B. will walk C. would walk D. walks

Question 2. She........................if she has time.

A. calls B. would call C. will call D.

calling Question 3. If it..........too much, I will buy the smaller

one.

A. costs B. will cost C. would cost D. cost

Question 4. If the class.......................full, we will find another

one.

A. are B. will be C. were D. is

Question 5. What will we do if the taxi.....................?

A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. doesn’t come D. had not come

Question 6. If it snowed this summer, we......................skiing.

A. goes B. will go C. would go D. go
Question 7. If you drove more carefully, you...................so many accidents.
A. would not have B. will not have
C. wouldn’t have had D. has
Question 8. If he.......................up earlier, he’d get to work on time.
A. gets B. will get C. got D. had got
Question 9. I would tell you more about it if we...........................more time.
A. has B. will have C. have D. had Question
10. If I.....................you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
A. am B. be C. were D. had been

Question 11. If you..........................any money, I’d give you

some
A. hadn’t had B. haven’t had C. don’t have D. didn’t have

Question 12. You’d earn more money if you......................more products.

A. to sell B. sell C. sold D. will sell
Question 13. If I......................so busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
A. were not B. wasn’t C. aren’t D. hadn’t been

Question 14. If you had seen the film, you................it.

A. will enjoy B. would enjoy
C. would have enjoyed D. enjoyed
Question 15. She would have gone to the university if she.............the opportunity.
A. has B. will have C. had had D. had Question

16. If he had been more careful, he an accident.

A. would not have had B. will not have
C. does not have D. would not have
Question 17. If you’d stayed at home, there........................any trouble.
A. would not be B. will not be C. is not D. would not have been

Question 18. What would you do if he.....................tomorrow?

A. resigned B. will resign C. resigns D. to

resign Question 19. I’ll do it if he.............me.

A. asking B. will ask C. asked D. asks
Question 20. I wouldn’t have believed it if I.............it with my own eyes.
A. not to see B. didn’t see C. don’t see D. hadn’t seen

Exercise 2. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:

Question 1. If I see him, I (give ) him a gift.

Question 2. If I had a typewriter, I (type) it

myself.

Question 3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you.

Question 4. You could make better progress if you (attend) class

regularly. Question 5. If I (know) his telephone

number, I’d give it to you.

Question 6. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.

Question 7. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes.

Question 8. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you.

Question 9. If I (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
Question 10. A lot of people (be) out of work if the factory closed down.
Question 11. I (have) ………….. plenty of money now if I (not/spend)..........so much yesterday.
Question 12. If someone (give) …………….you a boat, what you (do).......?
Question 13. If you...........(press) CTRL + S, you.....(save) the file.
Question 14. The children...........(be) happy if he.......(teach) them English.
Question 15. If she...........(buy) a new hard disk, she........(not/ lose) all data.

Exercise 3. Viết lại các câu sau sang dạng câu điều kiện thích hợp.

Question 1. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up.

→ If you don't keep silent, you will wake the baby up.

Question 2. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.

→ If ……………………………………………………………………….....….…….....….…….
Question 3. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.
→ If …………………………………….....….…………………………………….....….………..
Question 4. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.
→ If …………………………………….....….………………………………………….………..
Question 5. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
→ If ……………………………….……..…….……………………………………….....….……
Question 6. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
→ ……………………………………………………………………….....….……………..……

Question 7. Without this treatment, the patient would have died.

→ ……………………………………….….….…………………………………….....….………..

Question 8. He lost his job because he was late every day.

→ ………………………………………………...……………………………………….....….……
Question 9. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips.
→ ……………………………………………………...….……………………………………........
Question 10. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.
→ ………………………………..…..

Exercise 4. Chọn đáp án đúng

Question 1. I would have visited you before if there quite a lot of people in your house.
A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't

Question 2. If you had caught the bus, you late for work.
A. wouldn't have been B. would have been
C. wouldn’t be D. would be

Question 3. If I , I would express my

feelings.

A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked

Question 4. If as I told her, she would have succeeded.

A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did

Question 5. Will you be angry if I your pocket dictionary?

A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal
Question 6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It better if you to her.
A. would have been/ hadn't lied B. would be/ didn't lie
C. will be/ don't lie D. would be/ hadn't lied
Question 7. John would be taking a great risk if he his money in that business.
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests

Question 8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we her

to.

A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't

advise Question 9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he it up to take

his kite down.

A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D.

climbed Question 10. If the wall weren't so high, he it up to

take his ball down.

A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb
Question 11. If I her phone number, I her last night.
A. had known/ could have phoned B. knew/ would have phoned
C. know/ can phone D. knew/ could phone

Question 12. If he the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest

him.

A. tells B. told C. had told D. would

tell Question 13. If you press that button what ?

A. would happen B. would have happened
C. will happen D. happen
Question 14. She says if she that the traffic lights were red she .
A. had realized/ would stop B. realized/ could have stopped
C. has realized/ stopped D. had realized/ would have

stopped Question 15. I am very thin. I think, if I smoking, I might get

fat.

A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped

Question 16. If I that yesterday, I them.

A. had discovered/ would inform B. had discovered/ would have informed
C. had discovered/ could inform D. discovered/ can inform
Question 17. If you to the course regularly, they a certificate last year.
A. go/ gave B. go/ give
C. had gone/ would have given D. went/ would give
Question 18. I think he is not at home. If he in, he the phone.
A. was/ answered B. were/ would answer
C. were/ would have answered D. had been/ would have answered

Question 19. If I in London now, I could visit British Museum.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be
Question 20. If Columbus money from Queen Isabella, he across the Atlantic.
A. do not receive/ could not sail B. had not received/ might not have sailed
C. did not receive/ might not have sailed D. would not receive/ might not sail
Exercise 5. Chọn đáp án đúng A, B, C hoặc D

Question 1. If I the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeed in

life as well as you have.

A. have B. would have C. had had D. should have

Question 2. more help, I would call my neighbor.

A. Needed B. Should I need C. I have needed D. I should need

Question 3. If Jake to go on the trip, would you have gone?

A.doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree

Question 4. If someone into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”

A.comes B. came C. come D. should come

Question 5. If she him, she would be very happy.
A. would meet B. will meet C. met D. should meet
Question 6. If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. would go C. went D. should have go to

Question 7. If it convenient, let‟s go out for a drink

tonight.
A. be B. is C. was D. were
Question 8. The patient will not recover unless he an operation.
A. had undergone B. would undergo C. undergoes D. was

undergoing Question 9. - Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?”
- Mary: “If I had needed, I you".
A. would call B. called C. would have called D. will

call Question 10. - “Here’s my phone number”.

- “Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I some help tomorrow”
A. will need B. need C. would need D. needed

Exercise 6. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1. We’ll have lunch outside in the garden, it’s too cold.
A. if B. unless C. in case D. should
Question 2. John win more races if he trained harder.
A. would B. will C. would have D.

shall Question 3. If the machine , press

this button.
A. stop B. stops C. would stop D. stoped
Question 4. The lecturer didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr Mason I

would have listened carefully.

A. lectured B. was lecturing C. would lecture D. had been lecturing
Question 5. I can’t understand what he sees in her! If anyone treated me like that, I
extremely angry!
A. am B. would be C. will be D. was
Question 6. If you up all the orange juice that was in that carton, you ought to go out

and get some more.

A. drank B. drinking C. drunk D. drink
Question 7. Rachel will be pleased she passes her driving test.
A. should B. will C. if D. unless
Question 8. I you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital.
A. visited B. visit
C. would have visited D. had visited
Question 9. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, this incident

again.
A. I don’t mention B. I will never mention
C. I never mention D. will I never mention
Question 10. You can use my car you drive carefully.
A. unless B. as long as C. as soon as D. when
Question 11. If everyone an extra hour a day, it would greatly increase production.
A. work B. works C. working D. worked
Question 12. If energy inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be

different.
A. is B. were C. will be D. would be
Question 13. Don’t bother to ring me it’s important.
A. unless B. in case C. if D. as

Question 14. If you help me with this exercise, I do the same for you one day.

A. will B. would C. was D. am

Question 15. According to the timetable, if the train on time, we arrive at 5.30.
A. leaves/ would B. left/ would
C. leaves/ will D. was leaving/ would
Question 16. If I could speak Spanish, I next year studying in Mexico.
A. will spend B. had spent C. would spend D. would have spent

4 Question 17. The bus won’t stop you ring the bell.

A. if B. as soon as C. providing D.

unless Question 18. You’d better take a coat it gets cold.

A. if B. in case C. as long as D. while
Question 19. If you to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
A. listen B. will listen C. listened D. had

listened Question 20. If it fine tomorrow, we will go to

the coast.
A. will be B. was C. is D. being