CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IF SENTENCES)

I. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 0

Ex: If you are not a teacher, don’t walk around this area.
If you heat ice, it melts.
If + S + V1/s/es….., S + V1/s/es…….. /(DON’T) V1….
 Sự thật hiển nhiên, câu mệnh lệnh.
II. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 1
Ex: If I finish my homework, I will go to the concert
If + S + V1….., S + will + Vo……..
Diễn tả một điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
III. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 2
Ex: - If he had much time, he would help you.
If + S + V2/ed…..., S + would/could + Vo……
(be  were)
Use: Diễn tả một điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại.
IV. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 3
Ex: If we had studied hard last year, we would have got good marks.
If + S + had + V3/ed….., S + would/could + have + V3/ed…..
Use: Diễn tả một điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ.
V. Mixed Conditional Sentences
1. diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược với hiện tại còn kết quả thì trái ngược với quá khứ.
If + S + V2/ed…..., S + would/could + have + V3/ed…..
2. diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược trong quá khứ và có kết quả trái ngược với hiện tại.
If + S + had + V3/ed….., S + would/could + Vo……
*** Notes
1. Unless: “If … not” có thể được thay bằng “UNLESS” (trừ phi):
Ex: - We will be late if we don’t hurry.
 We will be late unless we hurry.
- If I have time, I’ll help you.
 Unless I have time, I won’t help you.
 2. Inversion: Bỏ IF trong 3 loại câu điều kiện (phải có đảo ngữ với
SHOULD/WERE/HAD):
Ex: - If it should be necessary, I will go.
Should it be necessary, I will go.
Ex: - If I were rich, I would buy a new car.
Were I rich, I would buy a new car.
Ex: - If you had asked me, I would have told you the answer.
Had you asked me, I would have told you the answer.
3. Một số từ/cụm từ có thể thay cho IF với nghĩa tương đương: provided
that; so (as) long as (miễn là); in case (trong trường hợp); on condition that
(với điều kiện)
Ex: You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back.
4. But for + N, điều kiện loại II, III: nếu không có…
Ex:
– You help me everyday so I can finish my work.
➔ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work.
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
1. You are late. If you …… a few minutes earlier, you …… him.
A. came / would meet B. had come / would have met
C. come / will meet D. had come / would meet
2. I’d gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I …… time.
A. had B. have had C. had had D. would have had
3. What would you do if you …… a million pounds?
A. won B. win C. will win D. had won
4. If you didn’t do this, you …… punished.
A. are B. will be C. should D. would be
5. If he had told me the truth, I …… him.
A. would have not punished B. would not have punished
C. would not punish D. will not punish
5. If they had not given me advice, I …… again.
A. wouldn’t fail B. would fail
C. would have been failed D. would have failed
6. If it ……, the match will be postponed
A. rains B. has rained C. is raining D. will rain
7. Bill …… more photographs if he …… more film.
A. would take / has had B. would have taken / had
C. would have taken / had had D. would take / had
8. If there …… no floods last year, the crop …… better.
A. had been / would have been B. were / would be
C. had / would have been D. was / would have been
9. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I …… it.
A. would never have believed B. don’t believe
C. hadn’t believed D. can’t believe
11. Unless you …… smoking, you …… better.
A. stop / won’t feel B. stop / will feel
C. stopped / will feel D. stopped / would feel
12. If he had taken my advice, he …… a rich man now.
A. would be B. would have been C. had been D. were
13. If I …… to the party last night, I …… tired now.
A. had gone / would be B. had gone / would have been
C. went / would be D. went / would have been
14. Joe can’t hear ……. you shout.
A. unless B. if C. providing D. whether