INVERSION

Đảo ngữ dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động của chủ ngữ, hoặc được dùng vì mục đíc tu từ. Đảo ngữ
thường có 2 trường hợp: Đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ; và Đảo động từ chính lên trước chủ ngữ.
I/ Đảo ngữ ở câu có chứa trạng từ phủ định, hoặc 1 sổ cụm từ đứng đầu như sau : Đảo trợ động
từ lên trước chủ ngữ:
Not, Never (= At no time), Seldom, Little, Barely, Nor,
In/ Under no circumstances (Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không),
On no account (Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không), Only in this way (Chỉ bằng cách này),
In no way (Không sao có thể), By no means (Hoàn toàn không)
No sooner ….. than…., Hardly …. when …., Scarcely …. when …., Not only … but also …
Not until …., Only after/ with/ in/ at…, Only when …, Only then …., Only if ….
Only by + Noun/ V- ing …, So ….., Such….., Trạng từ tần suất …., Tính từ……,
Much……., Many ………, Câu điều kiện, ……..
1, Đối với các cụm từ : No sooner ….. than…., Hardly …. when …., Scarcely …. when ….: Câu đảo ngữ chứa
cụm trạng ngữ này thường dùng để diễn đạt 1 chuỗi các sự kiện xãy ra trong quá khứ. Động từ ở vế trước
thường được chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành, động từ ở vế sau ở thì quá khứ đơn. Và đảo ngữ diễn ra ở vế
trước.
e.g: Scarcely had I got out out of bed when the doorbell rang.
No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door.
2, Đối với nhóm từ kết hợp sau “Only” như: only after/ by/ …. Nếu trong câu có 1 mệnh đề thì đảo ngữ diễn ra
bình thường. Nếu trong câu có 2 mệnh đề thì dùng đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ 2.
e.g: Only then did I understand the problem.
Only by studying hard can you pass this exam.
Only when you grow up can you understand it.
3. Nhóm từ: So, Such, trạng từ tần suất
a/ Câu đảo ngữ có chúa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau:
So + tính tù + to be + Danh từ …
e.g: So strange was the situation that I couldn’t sleep. So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
b/ Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
Such + to be + Danh từ + …..e.g: Such is the moment that all great barrier.
c/ Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng từ tần suất/little
Trạng từ tần suất + trợ động từ + S + V …
e.g: Many a time has he given me good advice. Often did we went for walk together.
4. Câu đảo ngữ có chúa “Not only …. but also ….” có cấu trúc như sau:
Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but also + S + V …
e.g: Not only does he study well, but also he sings well/ but he also sings well.
5. Khi Tân ngữ chứa các từ “many/ much, little” thì cũng có thể đảo ngữ
e.g: We played many a trick in class without teacher noticing it.
-> Many a trick did we play in class without teacher noticing it.
6. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện thì IF được lược bỏ
a/ Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should thay cho If
Should + S + V(bare) , S + will/ can + V …
e.g: If I see her today, I will send her your message. -> Should I see her today, I will send her your message.
b/ Câu điều kiện loại 2: Were được thay cho If
e.g: If I were her, I would go to see a doctor. -> Were I her, I would go to see a doctor.
If she were to see you, she would be very surprised. -> Were she to see you, she would be very surprised.
c/ Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had thay cho If.
e.g: If I had been there, I would have spoken to him. -> Had I been there, I would have spoken to him.
7. Một số cấu trúc khác:
 In/ Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.
 On no account must this switch be touched.
 Only in this way could the problem be solved.
 In no way could I agree with you.
 By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
8. ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG SO SÁNH VỚI AS VÀ THAN
 The cake was excellent, as was the coffee. (or the coffee was)
 I thought, as did my friend, that the exam would be difficult. (or as my friend did)
 Germany has more company - cars on its roads than does France.(or than France does)
 Research shows that parents watch more television than do their children.
 I believed, as did my colleagues, that the plan would work.
Notes:
- Ta thường dùng đảo ngữ sau as và than trong ngôn ngữ viết trang trọng (formal written language)
- Không dùng đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là đại từ (pronoun)
We now know a lot more about the Universe than we did ten years ago
 (không dùng "than did we ten years ago")
Exercise: Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Charlotte Bronte died of tuberculosis, ......................

A. as did all her sisters B. and all her sister did

C. and so were all her sisters D. either did all her sisters
2. I used to play with my neighborhood when I was small............
A. and my brothers used too B. as did my brothers
C. and so were my brothers D. either did my brothers
3. Jack has more knowledge about History ............
A. as do his colleagues B. than do his colleagues.
C. and his colleagues have too C. than his colleagues has
4. I thought,...................... , that our team would loose the game.
A. as did all the other members B. as all other members did
C. so as all the other members D. than did all the other members
5. The pronunciation of English is much more difficult ..............
A. than are the grammatical structures B. so is the grammatical structures
C. such as the grammatical structures D. than the grammatical structures is
9.ĐẢO NGỮ KHI PHÂN TỪ HOẶC BỔ NGỮ ĐẶT ĐẦU CÂU
Cấu trúc đảo ngữ khi hiện tại phân từ đặt ở đầu câu sẽ như sau: Present participle + … + be + S
 Hanging from the rafters were strings of onions.
 Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun.
 Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot.
 Present at the meeting were the Prime Minister and all members of the Parliament
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentence
1. The days when you can lead a life of pleasure are gone.
àGone..........................................................................................................
2. Broadcasting loudspeakers are hanging from the trees.
àHanging from............................................................................................
3. Both the director and the vice director were present at the opening ceremony.
àPresent.......................................................................................................
4. He spoke English fluently.
à Fluently ....................................................................................................
II/ Đảo ngữ ở câu mở đầu bằng trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc trật tự thì đảo động từ chính lên trước chủ ngữ:
Adverb of place/ order + main verb + S ……..
e.g: In front of the museum is a statue. First came the ambulance, then came the police.
On the grass sat an enormous frog. Along the road came a strange procession.
III. Đảo ngữ với p2 và adjective phrases
 INVERSION
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. No longer ……… to do all her housework with her husband because our family now owns some new labour-saving
devices.A. my mother hasB. has my motherC. does my mother has D. does my mother have
2. No sooner had he sat down to lunch ……… there was a knock at the door.
A. than B. That C. as D. when
3. They hardly found her number when they called her.
A. They called her sooner or later. B. They called her as soon as they found her number.
C. They found her number as soon as they called her.D. They found her number sooner or later.
4. Never before ……… such a beautiful girl.
A. have I met B. have I meet C. I have met D. did I meet
5. Rarely ……... out after 9.00.
A. does my sister go B. did my sister go C. my sister goes D. my sister
does go
6. Hardly ……… asleep when the phone woke him up.
A. the doctor fell B. the doctor had fallenC. did the doctor fall D. had the doctor fallen
7. Edward ……… goes to bed before midnight.
A. hardly never B. seldom never C. hardly ever D. almost ever
8. She had only just put the telephone down when the boss rang.
A. She put the telephone down and the boss rang. B. Hardly had she put the telephone down when the boss rang.
C. The boss rang back, but she put the telephone down.
D. She had put the telephone down, so she let it ring when the boss rang.
9. No sooner ………than the boss came in.
A. he had left B. had he left C. he was leaving D. was he leaving
10. Not only ……… to take the medicine, but he also hit the nurse.
A. he refused B. does he refuse C. he was refused D. did he refuse
11. As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away.
A. He saw her turn away and he waved his hand.B. He waved his hand and at once she turned away.
C. She turned away because he waved his hand.D. No sooner had he waved his hand than she turned away.
12. Hardly had he left home ……… the telephone rang.A. than B. That C. as D. when
13. Not only ……… the book, but he had seen the film as well.
A. he had read B. has he read C. had he read D. he did read
14. No longer ……… them to go to the music club.
A. their parents allow B. does their parents allow C. do their parents allow D. has their
parents allow
15. Only because she had to support her family ……… to leave school
A. that Alice decides B. did Alice decide C. does Alice decide D.Alice
decided
16. Hardly ……… at the bus stop when the next bus came.
A. they had arrived B. do they arrivC. arrived they D. had they arrived
17. So surprised at the news ……… that he couldn’t say anything.
A. did he become B. he becameC. does he become D. did he became
18. Not only ……… shade and beauty, but they also reduce carbon dioxide.
A. trees provide B. provide trees C. do trees provide D. trees do
provide
19. My grandfather ……… sleeps more than an hour a night.
A. hardly never B. has ever C. is always D. hardly ever
20. Not only ……… profits, but it also had to lay off workers.
A. did the company lose B. the company lose C. had the company lose D. lost the company
21. ……… so many people been out of work as today.
A. In the past, there never have B. Never before haveC. More than ever before D. Formerly, there never were
22. It was only then ……… how much I owed to her.
A. had I realize B. that I realized C. did I realize D. I did realize
23. Only by booking in advance …… stay ion the room you like.A. can youB. you canC. you will D. you
24. As soon as he arrived at the airport, he called home.
A. He arrived at the airport sooner than he had expected.
B. No sooner had he arrived at the airport than he called home.
C. Calling home, he said that he had arrived at the airport.
D. He arrived at the airport and called me to take him home.
25. In no time ……… know the result of the recognition.
A. the public will B. will the public C. the public D. does the public
26. ……… in medicine relieve distress but they also prevent and cure illness.
A. Do computers B. Computers C. Computers not only D. Not only do computers
27. ……… reptiles hunt at temperatures of 120C or below.A. Seldom do B. Do seldom C. Do D. Seldom
28. ……… learn during their sleep by listening to tape records.
A. People rarely can B. Can people rarely C. Rarely can people D. Can rarely people
29. ……… continental crust older than 200 million years.
A. It is nowhere the B. Nowhere is the C. Is nowhere the D. Is the nowhere
30. Not only ……… in the field of psychology but animal behavior is examined as well.
A. human behavior is studied B. is human behavior studiedC. is studied human behavior D. human behavior
31. ……… but he also wants to marry her.
A. Not only he loves her B. Not he only loves herC. He not only loves her D. Not only does he love her
32. Never ……… so much protest against pollution. It won't be long before we have a better environment.
A. has there been B. there has been C. has it been D. it has been
33. No sooner had I started off ……… it began to rain. A. then B. than C. that D. as
34. We didn't have them repaired. ……… .
A. Nor we know who did it B. Nor we had idea who did it C. Nor did we know who did itD. We do not know who did
it, either
36. Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made.
A. No sooner did everyone start complaining than the announcement was made.
B. As soon as the announcement made, everyone started complaining.
C. No sooner had the announcement been made, everyone started complaining.
D. Everyone started complaining that the announcement was made.
37. The worker only called off the strike after a new pay offer.
A. Not until a new pay was offered, the workers called off the strike.
B. The worker called off the strike only when a new pay offer.
C. A new pay was offered, which made the strike call off.
D. Not until a new pay was offered did the workers call off the strike.
38. My uncle didn't recognize me until I spoke.
A. My uncle recognized me not until I spoke B. Not until I spoke did my uncle not recognize me.
C. Not until I spoke did my uncle recognize me. D. Only when my uncle recognized me did I speak.
39. Helen wrote a novel and made a cowboy film.
A. Helen wrote not only a novel but also made a cowboy film.’
B. Helen both wrote a novel as well as made a cowboy film.
C. Helen either wrote a novel or made a cowboy film.
D. Not only did Helen write a novel but she also made a cowboy film.
40. Not until I met Jack did I get some news about you.
A. I didn't get any news about you until I met Jack.B. Jack shouldn't have told me news about you.
C. Until I met Jack I got some news about you. D. As soon as I got news about you, I met Jack.
41. It is rare that my sister goes to the cinema.
A. My sister is rare of going to the cinema. B. Rarely does my sister go to the cinema.
C. That my sister goes to the cinema rarely. D. Going to the cinema is rare to my sister.
42. Soon after they sold their house, they were offered a better price for it.
A. No sooner they sold their house were they offered a better price for it.
B. They were offered a better price for their house, and they sold it.
C. They had no sooner sold their house than they were offered a better price for it.
D. No sooner had they sold their house and they were offered a better price for it.
43. It was only when I left home that I realized the meaning of "family".
A. I realized the meaning of "family" before I left home.B. Only when I left home I realized the meaning of "family".
C. Not until I left home did I realize the meaning of "family".
D.dn't leave home until I realized the meaning of "family".
44. No sooner had I put down the receiver, ………
A. than the phone rang again B. when the phone rang againC. then the phone rang D. did the phone ring again
45. Never before ……… so happy.A. has he been B, he has been C. was he D. he was
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
1. Not until it was too late ………………. I call Susan.
A. I remembered B. did I remember C. did I remembered D. I did remember
2. Never before …………………. such a wonderful child.
A. I have seen B. I had seen C. I saw D. have I seen
3. Hardly had we settle down in our seats …………….. the lights went out.
A. than B. when C. then D. after
4. Only after checking three times …certain of the answer. A. I was B. was I C. were I D. I were
5. Only when he is here, ……………..
A. he speaks English B. does he speak English C. he can speak English D. he does speak English
6. Never ______ me again. A. will she love B. she loves C. she won’t love D. she will love
7. Not only ______ but she is also intelligent .
A. she is beautiful B. beautiful she is C. is she beautiful D. beautiful is she
8. No sooner _______ out than it rained. A. did I go B. I went C. had I gone D. I had gone
9. Seldom ______ the guitar.
A. he plays B. does he play C. he doesn’t play D. he does play
10. Hardly _____ a word when her son came back.
A. couldn’t she sayB. she could say C. she couldn’t say D. could she say
11. Often ______ a meeting. A. do we have B. we do have C. have we D. we have
12. Many a time ______ he wants to marry me. A. said he B. he said C. has he said D. he has said
Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence printed above it.
13. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
"Not only_______________________________________________________
14. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
" No sooner _____________________________________________________
15. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
" Hardly _______________________________________________________
16. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
" Not until ______________________________________________________
17. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
" Only _________________________________________________________
18. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
" Never ________________________________________________________
19. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
" Under the table _________________________________________________
20. His brother had rarely been more excited.
"Rarely_________________________________________________________
21. The facts were not all made public until later.
"Only__________________________________________________________
22. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
 "Had___________________________________________________________
23. The response to our appeal was so great that we have to take on more staff.
" Such__________________________________________________________
24. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.
"Not only ______________________________________________________
25. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.
" Little _________________________________________________________
26. If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
"Should________________________________________________________
27. The bus driver can not be blamed for the accident in any way.
" In ___________________________________________________________
28. The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled.
" So ___________________________________________________________
29. If the government raised interest rates. They would lose the election.
"Were__________________________________________________________
30. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door.
" No sooner _____________________________________________________
31. There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.
"Such__________________________________________________________
32. It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March.
"Seldom________________________________________________________
33. You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked.
"Only__________________________________________________________
34. You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked.
"Only__________________________________________________________
35. Just after the play started there was a power failure.
"Hardly________________________________________________________
36. The Prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this.
"Rarely_________________________________________________________
37. We had only just arrived home when the police called.
"Scarcely_______________________________________________________
38. Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage.
" On no_________________________________________________________
39. The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record.
 " Never before___________________________________________________
40. The judge was taken ill just after the trial proceedings began.
" Barely______________________________________________________
1.
2. I had only just put the phone down when the boss phoned back. -> Hardly …………
3. Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill. -> No sooner ………..
4. There was no precedent for the King resignation. -> Never …………………..
5. Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made.
-> No sooner …………………………………………………………
6. I didn’t realize who he was until later. -> Only later ………………………
7. We couldn’t relax until all the guests had gone home. -> Only …………….
8. The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
-> Had it not ………………………………………………………………………
9. John didn’t celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing.
-> Not until …………………………………………………..……
10. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day. -> Only by ……
11. They had to wait for twelve hours before the flight left. -> Only after a …………..
12. The result of the match was never in doubt. -> At no time …………………..
13. There are more people out of work in this country than ever before. -> Never …….
14. It was only when I left home that I realized how much my father meant to me.
-> Not until ……………………………………
15. He never suspected that the money had been stolen. -> At no time………………….
16. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended.
-> Had it not …………………………………….
17. I have never seen such a mess in my life. -> Never …………………….

KEYS

1. So great was her grief that she almost fainted.

2. No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to ……….
3. No sooner had he put up her umbrella than the rain …………..
4. Only by operating immediately can you save your eyesight.
5. Hardly had she begun to speak when people started …….
6. No sooner had the burglars left the building than someone rang the alarm.
7. Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed.
8. So great was the demand that they had to reprint ………..
9. Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs. Jones.
10. At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.
11. No sooner had the thieves touched the safe than tear gas was released.
12. Only by united opposition can we eliminate terrorism. / can world terrorism be eliminated.
13. Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike.
14. Only when their second son was born did Alice and Charles decide to move to a bigger house
15. Not until he got home did he remember about the gun.
16. Only when the general’s personal diaries were published did the truth come out.
17. Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back./
18. No sooner had he been appointed to the post than the new editor fell ill.
19. Never before had any King resigned.
20. No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining.
21. Only later did I realize who he was.
22. Only after all the guests had gone home could we relax.
23. Had it not been for the death of the Prime Minister, the bill would have been passed.
24. Not until John (had) received the offer of promotion in writing did he celebrate.
25. Only by training hard every day can we become a good athlete.
26. Only after a twelve-hour wait did their flight leave.
27. At no time was the result of the math in doubt.
28. Never have there been more people out of work in this country.
29. Not until I had left home did I realize how much my father meant to me.
30. At no time did he suspect that the money had been stolen.
31. Had it not been the attendance of a famous film star the party would not have been a success/ would have been a failure.
32. Never in (all) my life have I seen such a mess!