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Bài tập câu điều kiện
Bài tập câu điều kiện
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để diễn tả một sự việc luôn đúng, một chân lý.
Ví dụ: - If you heat the ice, it melts. (Nếu bạn làm nóng băng, nó sẽ tan chảy.)
Đây là một sự thật hiển nhiên, luôn luôn đúng nên ta sẽ sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 0 để nói.
Trong câu điều kiện loại I, mệnh đề “If” ta chia thì HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN và mệnh đề chính ta chia thì tương lai
đơn.
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ: - If she comes, I will go with her. (Nếu cô ấy đến, tôi sẽ đi với cô ấy)
Ta hiểu rằng “hiện tại cô ấy vẫn chưa đến”, và ta cũng không biết được rằng cô ấy có đến hay không (hoàn
toàn có thể xảy ra).
Vì vậy giả định “nếu cô ấy đến” là một giả định hoàn toàn có thể xảy ra nên ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1.
Trong câu điều kiện loại II, mệnh đề “IF” chia thì QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN và động từ trong mệnh đề chính ta sử
dụng cấu trúc: would/ should + động từ nguyên thể.
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ: - If they had a lot of money now, they would travel around the world. (Nếu bây giờ họ có nhiều tiền,
họ sẽ đi du lịch vòng quanh thế giới.)
Ta thấy có thời gian ở hiện tại là “now” (bây giờ) và hiểu rằng “bây giờ họ không có nhiều tiền” nên mới
đưa ra câu giả định như vậy. Vì thế ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại II để diễn đạt một giả định về một sự việc
không có thật ở hiện tại.
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CHÚ Ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại II, nếu mệnh đề “if” sử dụng động từ “to be” ở thì quá khứ đơn thì ta chỉ
sử dụng “to be” là “were” với tất cả các ngôi.
Ví dụ: - If I were you, I wouldn’t stay at home now. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không ở nhà bây giờ.)
Ta thấy chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề “If” là “I” nhưng ta vẫn sử dụng động từ “to be” là “were” vì trong câu điều
kiện loại II này “to be” chia quá khứ là “were” với tất cả các chủ ngữ.
Trong câu điều kiện loại III, mệnh đề “If” chia thì QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH, và động từ trong mệnh đề
chính sẽ sử dụng cấu trúc: would/ should + have + VpII.
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc trái với sự thật trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: - If she had told me the truth yesterday, I would have helped her. (Nếu cô ấy nói với tôi sự thật ngày
hôm qua, tôi đã giúp cô ấy rồi.)
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2. If I saw a tiger walking across the park, I ____ (climb) the tree
3. Why don’t you drive your car to work? If I ____ (have) a car, I would drive
5. She was sent to the prison only because she refused to pay the fine; if she had paid the fine, she _____
(not be) sent to prison
6. The job is much worse than I expected. If I ____ (realize) how awful it was going to be I wouldn’t have
accepted it
8. I will lend you my radio as long as you _____ (bring) it back before Sunday
A. did B. will do
C. would do D. would have done
A. hurried
B. hurries
C. will hurry
D. is hurrying
A. had meet
B. had met
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C. meet
D. met
A. stole
B. have stolen
C. were to steal
D. steal
A. tells
B. told
C. had told
D. would tell
A. would happen
B. would have happened
C. will happen
D. happen
A. doesn’t pick
B. didn’t take
C. not pick
D. hadn’t picked
A. will go
B. go
C. would go
D. would have gone
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A. win
B. won
C. had won
D. would won
Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
If you __________________
We would ______________
If it ___________________
If we __________________
If only _________________
8. He didn’t work hard at school, so he didn’t get a good job when he left
If _____________________
If people _______________
10. Children have bad teeth because they eat too many sweets
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form 1. If I (find) __find____ a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight
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2. If I saw a tiger walking across the park, I _would climb___ (climb) 6. The job is much worse than I expected. If I _had realized___
the tree (realize) how awful it was going to be I wouldn’t have accepted it
3. Why don’t you drive your car to work? If I _had___ (have) a car, I 7. Provided you remember the password, you _will be_ (be) in no
would drive danger.
4. He might get rid of his cough if he __didn’t smoke___ (not smoke) 8. I will lend you my radio as long as you __bring___ (bring) it back
so much before Sunday
5. She was sent to the prison only because she refused to pay the fine; 9. We would have gone to the talk if we __had known___ (know)
if she had paid the fine, she __wouldn’t have been___ (not be) sent to about it
prison
10. I _would buy___ (buy) those shoes if I were you.
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B
Exercise 3: đáp án Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
1. If you were to find some buried treasure, what would you do?
8. If he had worked hard at school, he would have got a good job when he left
9. If people did enough exercise, they wouldn’t have/ get heart disease
10. Children would have better teeth if they didn’t eat too many sweets
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1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there
If ……………………………………………………………….
If I ………………………………………………………………...
3. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow.
If they …………………………………………………………….
If Carol ……………………………………………………
6. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.
If Rita ………………………………………………………
7. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car
If he ……………………………………………………..
8. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.
If I …………………………………………………………………….
10. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children
If she ………………………………………………………………….
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If he ………………………………………………………………….
12. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well
If Peter ………………………………………………………………
13. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car.
If Mary ………………………………………………………………
1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.
A. hadn't
B. hadn't been
C. wouldn't be
D. wasn't
2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.
A. were asked
B. would ask
C. had been asked
D. asked
A. stole
B. have stolen
C. were to steal
D. steal
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6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.
7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.
A. would invest
B. invested
C. had invested
D. invests
8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to.
A. wouldn’t advise
B. won't advise
C. hadn't advised
D. didn't advise
9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.
10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed
B. could climb
C. is climbi
D. climb
A. tells
B. told
C. had told
D. would tell
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A. would happen
B. would have happened
C. will happen
D. happen
A. stop
B. had stopped
C. will stop
D. stopped
16. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.
A. go / gave
B. go / give
C. had gone / would have given
D. went / would give
A. was / answered
B. were / would answer
C. were / would have answered
D. had been / would have answered
19. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _______ more good-looking.
A. will be
B. would be
C. would have been
D. can be
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20. If your hair _______ grey now, what ______ you ________?
A. went / would / do
B. goes / would /do
C. had gone / would/do
D. had gone / would have / done
21. If I ________ an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children.
A. am
B. have been
C. were
D. had been
22. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.
24. The children always (get) ___________ frightened if they watch horror films
26. I can’t help feeling sorry for the hungry children. If only there (be) __________ peace in the world
27. Were I to become president, my first act (be) __________ to help the poor
28. If he (listen) _____________ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here.
29. If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) ____________ tired now.
1. If Anne’s father gets seriously ill, they ____________________ (BRING) him to the hospital.
4. The manager would have fired him if he ____________________ (HAVE) someone else to replace him.
5. I ____________________ (LIKE) her more if she hadn’t asked such stupid questions.
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9. I would have helped him if I ____________________ (KNOW) that his condition was so bad.
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