Teacher: Vu Van Duong Phone: 0337849696

Câu điều kiện

I. Câu điều kiện loại 1:
1. Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại I.
 Câu điều kiện loại I còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại. Điều kiện có thể xảy
ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

2. Cấu trúc – Công thức của câu điều kiện

If clause Main clause

If + S + V s(es)... S + will / can/ may + V1 (won't/can't + VI)

Hiểu cách khác trong câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng
thì tương lai đơn.
IF + Chủ ngữ 1 + Động từ chia ở thì hiện tại đơn + Bổ ngữ, Chủ ngữ 2 + WILL + Động từ
nguyên mẫu + Bổ ngữ (nếu có).
 Chủ ngữ 1 và chủ ngữ 2 có thể trùng nhau. Bổ ngữ có thể không có, tùy ý nghĩa của câu.
Mệnh đề IF và mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trước hay sau đều được.
 Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, còn
động từ trong mệnh đề chính chia ở thì tương lai đơn.

3. Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1:

Câu điều kiện loại 1 còn có thể được gọi là câu điều kiện hiện tại có thể có thật. Ta sử dụng câu
điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại và nêu kết quả có thể
xảy ra.
Ví dụ:
 If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. ( Nếu tôi tìm được địa chỉ của cô ấy, tôi
sẽ gửi lời mời tới cô ấy) => Đổi vị trí 2 mệnh đề quan hệ: I will send her an invitation if I
find her address.)
 If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari. (Nếu John có nhiều tiền, anh ấy sẽ mua
chiếc Ferrari)

Các ví dụ khác cho câu điều kiện loại 1:

1. If Caroline and Sue prepare the salad, Phil will decorate the house.
2. If Sue cuts the onions for the salad, Caroline will peel the mushrooms.
3. Jane will hoover the sitting room if Aaron and Tim move the furniture.
4. If Bob tidies up the kitchen, Anita will clean the toilet.
5. Elaine will buy the drinks if somebody helps her carry the bottles.

II. Câu điều kiện loại 2:

1. Khái niệm:
 Câu điều kiện loại 2 là câu điều kiện trái với thực tế ở hiện tại
 Teacher: Vu Van Duong Phone: 0337849696

2. Công thức:

If clause Main clause

If + S + V-ed /V2... S + would / could / should + V1 (wouldn't /

couldn't + V1)
To be: were / weren't

Ví dụ:– Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở bang thái cách (past
subjunctive), động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở thì điều kiện hiện tại (simple conditional). Chú ý:
Bàng thái cách (Past subjunctive) là hình thức chia động từ giống hệt như thì quá khư đơn, riêng
động từ “to be” thì dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi.
 If I had a million USD, I would buy a Ferrari. (Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua chiếc
xe đó.) ⇐ hiện tại tôi không có
 If he had more time, he would learn karate. ( Nếu anh có nhiều thời gian, anh sẽ học
karate.) ⇐ thời gian không có nhiều
 She would spend a year in the USA if it were easier to get a green card. Cô ấy sẽ dành
một năm ở Mỹ nếu dễ dàng có được thẻ xanh). ⇐ thực tế để lấy được thẻ xanh của Mỹ
rất khó
 If I lived on a lonely island, I would run around naked all day. (Nếu tôi sống trên một
hòn đảo cô đơn, tôi sẽ khỏa thân chạy quanh cả ngày.) ⇐ thực tế bạn không có hòn đảo
nào!

III. Câu điều kiện loại 3

1. Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 3:

 Câu điều kiện loại 3 là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ.
 Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một
giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.

2. Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 3

If clause Main clause

lf +S + had + P.P S + would / could / should + have + P.P

Ví dụ:– Trong câu điều kiện loại III, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở quá khứ phân từ, còn
động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở điều kiện hoàn thành (perfect conditional).
 If the forwards had run faster, they would have scored more goals. (Nếu tiền đạo chạy
nhanh hơn, họ sẽ ghi được nhiều bàn thắng hơn.)
 If it had been a home game, our team would have won the match. (Nếu đó là trận đấu
sân nhà, đội của chúng tôi sẽ thắng.)
 Teacher: Vu Van Duong Phone: 0337849696

 If you had spoken English, she would have understood. (Nếu bạn nói tiếng Anh thì cô ấy
đã hiểu)
 If they had listened to me, we would have been home earlier. ( nếu họ đã nghe lời tôi,
chúng ta đã về nhà sớm hơn)
 I would have written you a postcard if I had had your address. (Tôi đã viết cho bạn một
tấm bưu thiếp nếu tôi có địa chỉ của bạn)
 If I had not broken my leg, I would have taken part in the contest. (Nếu tôi không bị
gãy chân, tôi sẽ tham gia cuộc thi.)

Bài tập
BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1

I. Điền thông tin thực của nhiều kiểu người khác nhau vào trong câu với “if + Present
Simple + Present Simple”. Hãy dùng “you” làm chủ từ của cả hai vế câu.

1.Vegetarians don't eat meat.

If you're a vegetarian, _____________________________

2. People who live in a cold country don't like hot weather.

If you live ______________________________________

3. Teachers have to work very hard.

If you're a teacher, _______________________________

4. People who do a lot of exercise stay fit and healthy.

If you _________________________________________

5. Mechanics understand engines.

If you're a ______________________________________

6. People who read newspapers know what's happening in the world.

If you __________________________________________

II. Hoàn thành những câu sau với “if + Present Simple + will/won't”, sử dụng những
từ trong ngoặc đơn ( ). Đôi khi bạn không cần thay đổi những từ trong ngoặc đơn.

If it rains (it/rain), we won’t go (we/not/go) fishing.

1. If__________(the weather/be) beautiful tomorrow, ____________(we/drive) tothe beach.

 Teacher: Vu Van Duong Phone: 0337849696

2. If ___________ (she/send) the letter now, ____________ (they/receive) ittomorrow.

3. ____________ (Fred/be) angry if ___________ (Jack/arrive) late again.

4. ______________ (I/come) to your house if ________(I/have) enough time.

5. If ____________ (she/not/pass) this exam, ____________ (she/not/get) the job that she wants.

6. _______________ (you/learn) a lot if _____________ (you/take) this course.

7. If ____________ (I/get) a ticket, ________________(I/go) to the cinema.

8. ____________ (I/buy) that machine if _______________(it/not/cost) too much.

9. ____________ (you/run) very fast, ______________ (you/catch) the taxi.

10. __________(I/go) to the doctor's if ____________ (I/not/feel) better tomorrow.

11.______________ (they/win) this match, ___________ (they/be) the champions.

III. Hoàn thành những đoạn đối thoại sau với thì hiện tại đơn hoặc dạng “will/won't” của
những từ trong ngoặc đơn ( ). Đôi khi bạn không cần thay đổi từ trong ngoặc đơn.

A: We must be at the theatre at 7 o'clock.

-----> B: Well, if we take (we/take) a bus at six o'clock, we won't be (we/not/be) late.

1. A: I'd like a magazine.

B: Well, _________ (I/buy) one for you if _________(I/go) to the shop later.

2. A: Has Jack phoned yet?

B: No, and if ________ (he/not/phone) this afternoon, _________ (I/phone) him this evening.

3. A: Is Mary there, please?

B: No, but if ________ (you/want) to leave a message,_________ (I/give) it to her.

4. A: Is Tom going to pass his exam?

B: Well, ________ (he/fail) if ________ (he/not/study) harder.

5. A: Could I have some information about this year's concerts, please?

B: Yes, if _________ (you/fill in) this form, _________(I/send) it to you in the post

IV. Hoàn thành các câu sau đây theo điều kiện loại 1 của những từ trong ( ).
 Teacher: Vu Van Duong Phone: 0337849696

1) If we __________ (to send) an invitation, our friends __________ (to come) to our party.

2) He __________ (not/to understand) you if you __________ (to whisper).

3) They __________ (not/to survive) in the desert if they __________ (not/to take) extra water
with them.

4) If you __________ (to press) CTRL + s, you __________ (to save) the file.

5) You __________ (to cross) the Channel if you __________ (to fly) from Paris to London.

6) Fred __________ (to answer) the phone if his wife __________ (to have) a bath.

7) If Claire __________ (to wear) this dress at the party, our guests __________ (not/to stay) any
longer.

8) If I __________ (to touch) this snake, my girlfriend __________ (not/to scream).

9) She __________ (to forget) to pick you up if you __________ (not/to phone) her.

10) I __________ (to remember) you if you __________ (to give) me a photo.

I. Choose the best answer:

1) If the weather …..... good tomorrow, we .…….. swimming.

A. is – go B. is – will go C. will be - go D. will be – will go

2) If Tom were late again, he ………………. his job.

A. loses B. lose C. will lose D. would lose

3). If I had known that you were in hospital, I ……………you.

A. will visit B. visit C. would have visited D. would visit

4) You‘ll ………….. yourself a lot of time if you take the car.

A. spend B. make C. save D. spare

5) If he comes here, I ……….…….. it.

A. make him do B. make him will do C. will make him do D. will make him will do

6) If I ……….……..….. you, I wouldn’t buy that coat.

A. am B. was C. were D. would be

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7) Tam ……………………. more if he ……………………… more time.

A. will read - had B. would read - has C. read – had D. would read - had

8) If I didn’t want to go to the party, I ……….…….…………. go.

A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. wouldn’t

9). If she understands the lesson, she ………………….it

A. will do B. do C. won’t do D. would do

10. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?

A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal

11. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.

A. climbed B. could climbC. is climbing D. climb

12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.

A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell

13. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be

14. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _______ more good-looking.

A. will be B. would be C. would have been D. can be

15. If I ________ an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children.

A. am B. have been C. were D. had been

16. A doctor _________ if somebody falls ill.

A. will be cold for B. will be called for C. will call for D. would be call for

17. I wish I ____ him, but I don’t

A. likeB. can like C. liked D. would like

18. She feels lonely because she doesn’t know many people there. She wishes she ____ more
people

A. will know B. knew C. knows D. has known

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19. “I’m not staying any longer.” “I wish you ____.”

A. can B. will C. are D. were

20. “I’m sorry you failed the test.” “Frankly, I wish I ____ harder.”

A. could study B. had studied C. have studied D. would have studied

II. Put the verbs in the brackets in to corect tense:

1). If he does his homework, he (not worry)……………….. about it

2) If today (be)…………………. Sunday, the pupils can go swimming

3) I (take).......................... a walk if the weather were nice.

4) We would buy a house if we (have).................... enough money.

5) If I (be not) .................. tired, I would go to the movie with you.

6) If I (not have) ....................... class today, I would go shopping.

7. Bring him another if he (not/like)_____________ this one.

8. She (be)________ angry if she (hear)___________ this tomorrow.
9. Unless you are more careful, you (have)___________ an accident.
10. If you (like)_________, I (get)____________ you a job in this company.
11. If grandmother (be)___________ 5 years younger, she (play)__________ some games.
12. If he sun (stop)________shinning, there (be)___________ no light on earth.
13. If I (be)___________ a millionaire, I (live)___________ on Mars.
14. I wish I (be) ------------------------- an astronaut in the future.

15. I can’t swim. I wish I (can) --------------------- swim.

16. I wish I (meet) ---------------------- her yesterday.

17. She wishes she (be) ---------------------- there last year.

18. I wish you (not give) ----------------------- them my phone number yesterday.

19. Tom wishes someone (give) ---------------------------- him a job next month.

20. If they (invite)_______ yesterday, I (be)_______ is a good day tomorrow.

21. We (go)_______ swimming if it (be)_______ a good day tomorrow.

22. If the weather (be)_______ nice last day, I (go)_______ for a walk.

23. My dog always barks if he (hear)_______ anything unusual.

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24. If he (not/ do)_______ come soon, I'm not going to wait.

25. If the phone (ring)_______, can you answer it?

III. Rewrite the following sentences with the same meaning:

1. I don’t have enough money. I can’t go on a long holiday this year.

 If ______________________________________________________

2. He is very slow, so we won’t wait for him.

 If ___________________________________________________________

3. You’ll ask the teacher. He’ll explain the lesson to you.

 If ___________________________________________________________

4. I don’t know his address. I can’t give it to you.

 If _________________________________________________________

5. She was ill. She didn’t go to work.

 If _____________________________________________________________

6. Unless she studies hard, he will fail the exam.

 If ____________________________________________________________

7. Go away or I will call the police.

 If ____________________________________________________________

8. You didn’t ask Alice. She didn’t tell you the truth.

 If ______________________________________________________________

9. If you don’t finish your exercises, you can’t go to bed.

 Unless_________________________________________________________
10. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
–> If I………………………………….
11. If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.
–> But for………………………………………
12. If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it.
–> If I ………………………………………
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13. I only come if they invite me.

–> Unless……………………….
14. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
–> If he………………………………………… ……
15. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
–> If you walk……………………………….
16. In case it rains, we’ll stay at home
–> If it……………………………..
17. He works hard and he will pass his exam.
=> If………………………………………………………..
18. He didn’t pass the exam because he didn’t work hard.
=> If...................................................................................
19. She didn’t hurry so she missed the train.
=> If..................................................................................
20. They didn’y follow the map, so they got lost.
=> If they...........................................................................
21I haven’t enough money to buy that book.

=> I wish --------------------------------------------------------

22. I’m sorry I didn’t help you yesterday.

=> I wish -------------------------------------------------------------

23It’s a pity that you were not here last week.

=> We wish ---------------------------------------------------

24.You drive too fast. I’d like you to drive more slowly

=>I wish --------------------------------------------

IV. Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences:

1. Should anyone rang, could you take a message?

2. Were the customers not complained, nothing would have been done.
3. Was I a bird, I would fly.
4. Unless you don’t have a good command of English, you won't be able to work for this
company.
5. Were they live in Australia now, they would go swimming.
6. If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth.
A B C D
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7. If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a fuel crisis.
A B C D

8. If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball.

A B C D

9. If she bought that house now, she ran out of money.

A B C D

10. If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his house.
A B C D

11. If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked.
A B C D
12.What do you do if you won the first prize of the lottery?

A B C D

Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:

1. If I see him, I _____ (give ) him a gift.

2. If I had a typewriter, I _____ (type) it myself.

3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I _____ (visit) you.

4. You could make better progress if you _____ (attend) class regularly.

5. If I _____ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.

6. If you _____ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.

7. If he worked more slowly, he _____ (not make) so many mistakes.

8. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _____ (be) you.

9. If I _____ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.

10. A lot of people _____ (be) out of work if the factory closed down.

11. I (have) ………….. plenty of money now if I (not/spend) ………… so much yesterday.

12. If someone (give) …………….you a boat, what you (do) …………… ?

13. If you...........(press) CTRL + S, you...........(save) the file.

14. The children...........(be) happy if he...........(teach) them English.

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15. If she...........(buy) a new hard disk, she...........(not/ lose) all data.

Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.

A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't

2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.

A. wouldn't have been B. would have been

C. wouldn’t be D. would be

3. If I _____, I would express my feelings.

A. were asked B. would ask

C. had been asked D. asked

4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded.

A. she has done B. she had done

C. she does D. she did

5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?

A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal

6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.

A. would have been/ hadn't lied B. would be/ didn't lie

C. will be/ don't lie D. would be/ hadn't lied

7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.

A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests

8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to.

A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise

C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise

9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.

A. could have climbed B. climb

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C. is climbing D. climbed

10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.

A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb

11. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last night

A. had known/ could have phoned B. knew/ would have phoned

C. know/ can phone D. knew/ could phone

12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.

A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell

13. If you press that button what _____?

A. would happen B. would have happened

C. will happen D. happen

14. She says if she _____ that the traffic lights were red she _____.

A. had realized/ would stop B. realized/ could have stopped

C. has realized/ stopped D. had realized/ would have stopped

15. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat.

A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped

16. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them.

A. had discovered/ would inform

C. had discovered/ would have informed

D. had discovered/ could inform

C. discovered/ can inform

17. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.

A. go/ gave B. go/ give

C. had gone/ would have given D. went/ would give

18. I think he is not at home. If he _____ in, he ______ the phone.

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A. was/ answered B. were/ would answer

C. were/ would have answered D.had been/ would have answered

19. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be

20. If Columbus _______ money from Queen Isabella, he _______ across the Atlantic.

A. do not receive/ could not sail

B. had not received/ might not have sailed

C. did not receive/ might not have sailed

D. would not receive/ might not sail

EXERCISE I : Rewrite the sentences , using conditional clauses.

1/ I (do) if I (have) time.

- I will do it if I have time. (type 1)

- I would do it if I had time. (type 2)

- I would have done it if I had had time. (type 3)

2/ If she (not try), she (not succeed).

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

3/ If I (see) her, I (tell) her.

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

4/ (You do) it if I (ask) you ?

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________
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5/ If I (be) ill, I (stay) at home.

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

6/ What (you do) if the bus (not come).

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

7/ I (be) sorry if she (leave).

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

8/ I (not stay) in this job if I (can find) another one.

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

9/ They (get) wet if it (rain).

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________