If I were this man, I would ‘‘nhục

đội quần”.
 UNIT 5 - CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
(CONDITIONALS)

PHẦN CƠ BẢN
Có hai mệnh đề trong câ u điều kiện:

mệnh đề IF (chỉ điều kiện ) và mệnh đề chính (chỉ kết quả ).

e.g. If it rains tonight, we won’t go camping.

Điều kiện Kết quả

e.g. He would have passed the exam if he had tried harder.

Kết quả Điều kiện

A CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 0

Diễn tả một tình huống luôn luôn đúng hoặ c mang tính thói quen
e.g.1 If it rains in the sunlight, you see a rainbow.
(→ một tình huống luôn đúng ở hiện tại)

e.g.2 If I stay up late, I get up late.

(→ một thói quen ở hiện tạ i)

e.g.3 When I was young, I went swimming if it was hot.

(→ một thói quen ở quá khứ )

 CÔ NG THỨ C:

THỜI MỆNH ĐỀ IF MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH

GIAN
HIỆN TẠI HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN
QUÁ KHỨ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

 Chú ý: Có thể thay thế if bằ ng liên từ when

e.g. When / If it rains in the sunlight, you see a rainbow.
 BÀI TẬP LÀM NHANH TẠI LỚP: NỐI CỘT

MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH MỆNH ĐỀ IF

1. He usually gets a. if you cross an
embarrassed international date line.
2. Phosphorus burns b. if you mix blue and red.
3. The time changes  c. if I wake up early.
4. You get purple d. if you expose it to air.
5. I go jogging e. if he speaks in front of
many people.

B CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1

Diễn tả mộ t điều kiện CÓ THỂ xả y ra ở HIỆN TẠI hoặ c TƯƠNG LAI

(real condition).

If Mr. Dan works out every

day, he will be well-built.

Mệnh đề IF Mệnh đề chính

HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN WILL/CAN/MAY + V
e.g.1 If I (pass) pass the university entrance exam, my parents (be)
will be very happy.

e.g.2 We (win) can/may win the prize if we (practice) practice

more.

 Chú ý:
a) Thể truyền khiến cũ ng có thể đượ c dù ng ở mệnh đề chính.
e.g. If you see her, please tell her the truth.

b) Cá c thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành và độ ng từ tình
thá i should có thể đượ c sử dụ ng trong mệnh đề IF tù y theo cá c tình
huố ng khá c nhau.

e.g. If he is sleeping, I will wake him up.

(→ điều kiện “If he is sleeping” có thể ĐANG diễn ra ở hiện tại)

e.g. If he has finished his work, I will ask him out.

(→ điều kiện “If he has finished his work” có thể ĐÃ HOÀN TẤT ở hiện tại)

e.g. If you should see Kim, please send my regards to her.

(→ điều kiện “If you should see Kim” gần như sẽ KHÔNG diễn ra)
When you are “vã”, if someone
should ask you to “đi đu đưa
đi”, will you go?

BÀI TẬP LÀM NHANH TẠI LỚP: VIẾT LẠI CÂU

1. Get out of my house, or I call the police.

 If you don’t get out of my house, I will call the police.

2. You do the washing, and I’ll cook lunch.

 If you do the washing, I’ll cook lunch.

3. The industrialization will destroy our earth. We need to stop it.

 If we don’t stop the industrialization, it will destroy
our earth.

C CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2

Diễn tả mộ t điều kiện KHÔNG THỂ xả y ra ở HIỆN TẠI hay TƯƠNG

LAI (unreal condition in the present or future).
 Mệnh đề IF Mệnh đề chính
V2/ed
would/could/might + V
(were)

e.g.1 If today were Sunday, I (not go) wouldn’t go to school.

e.g.2 If I went to the US next week, I (can) could see the Olympic
Games there.

 Chú ý:
a) Trong vă n nó i, was cũ ng đượ c chấ p nhậ n trong cấ u trú c nà y.

e.g. If today was Sunday, I wouldn’t go to school.

b) Câ u điều kiện loạ i 2 cũ ng đượ c dù ng để cho lời khuyên hay

cảnh báo.

e.g. If I were you, I wouldn’t say anything.

(= You shouldn’t say anything.)
c) Có thể dù ng thì Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn trong mệnh đề IF để diễn tả
mộ t tình huố ng đang diễn ra.

e.g. If he weren’t doing the test now, he would be here with us.

If you weren’t studying with me now, you could “rước đèn trung thu”!

BÀI TẬP LÀM NHANH TẠI LỚP: VIẾT LẠI CÂU

1. I don’t know anything about the film, so I cannot tell you about it.
 If I knew anything about the film, I could tell you about it.

2. Our traffic condition is terrible, so our traveling is very difficult.

 If our traffic were not terrible, our travelling would not be very
difficult.

3. I’m sorry. I can’t go with you because I’m busy with my cleaning.
 If I were not busy with my cleaning, I could go with you.

D CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3

Diễn tả mộ t điều kiện KHÔNG CÓ THẬT ở QUÁ KHỨ (unreal
condition in the past).

Mệnh đề IF Mệnh đề chính

would/could/might (not) have +
had (not) + V3/ed
V3/ed
e.g.1 If I (go) had gone to the party yesterday, I (meet) would have
met a lot of old friends there.

e.g.2 I (join) would have joined the camping trip last week if I (be)
hadn’t been so ill.

BÀI TẬP LÀM NHANH TẠI LỚP: VIẾT LẠI CÂU

1. We didn’t eat in that restaurant because we didn’t have enough
time.
If we had had enough time, we would have eaten in that restaurant

2. I didn’t hear anything about their plan, so I couldn’t give any of my

comments.
If I had heard anything about their plan, I could have given any of
my comments.

3. I didn’t reply your email because my email account was hacked.

If my email account hadn’t been hacked, I would have replied you
email.
 LOẠI CÁCH DÙNG MỆNH ĐỀ IF MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Hiện tại Simple Present Simple Present
Tình huống luôn luôn
0 Quá
đúng hoặc thói quen Simple Past Simple Past
khứ
ĐK có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc
1 Simple Present will / can / may + V
tương lai
ĐK không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc Past subjunctive
2 would / could / might + V
tương lai (Simple Past / were)
would / could / might + have
3 ĐK không có thật ở quá khứ Past Perfect
+ PP

If Hiếu were a beautiful girl, Hiếu would have married a rich man
last year.

PHẦN NÂNG CAO

A CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN HỖN HỢP (MIXED TYPE

CONDITIONALS)

 Dạng 1
CÁCH DÙNG MỆNH ĐỀ IF MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Điều kiện KHÔNG THẬT
ở HIỆN TẠI dẫ n đến kết WOULD/COULD/MIGHT
SIMPLE PAST (WERE)
quả trong QUÁ KHỨ bị (NOT) + HAVE V3/ED
thay đổ i.

e.g.1 If Mr. Khang (be) WERE a beautiful woman, he (take) WOULD

HAVE TAKEN part in the beauty contest held last year.
 e.g.2. If I (be) WERE a good swimmer, I (win) WOULD HAVE
WON the race last week.

If Ms. Ngoc hadn’t studied at NTH high school, Ms. Ngoc & her bae
wouldn’t have a sweet relationship now.

 Dạng 2
CÁCH DÙNG MỆNH ĐỀ IF MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Điều kiện KHÔNG THẬT
trong QUÁ KHỨ dẫ n đến
PAST PERFECT WOULD/COULD/MIGHT + V
kết quả ở HIỆN TẠI bị
thay đổ i.

e.g.1 If Mr. Khang (be) had been excellent in Chemistry and Biology
when he was at high school, he (be) would be a doctor now.

e.g.2 If Mr. Khang (not teach) hadn’t

taught Ms. Trâm when he was a
university student, they (not be)
wouldn’t be a happy couple now.
e.g.3 If he (not miss) hadn’t missed the train this morning, he (be)
would be here now.

BÀI TẬP LÀM NHANH TẠI LỚP: VIẾT LẠI CÂU

1. This area was hit by three successive storms; therefore, the

damages are horrible now.
 If this area hadn’t been hit by three successive storms, the
damages wouldn’t be horrible now.

2. She isn’t at the conference because no one told her about it.
 If someone had told her about the conference, she would be at it.

3. They have to take a test today, that’s why they couldn’t make the
hiking trip yesterday.
 If they didn’t have to take a test today, they could have made the
hiking trip yesterday.

4. The Browns isn’t very rich. They couldn’t buy even a house last
year.
 If the Browns were very rich, they could have bought even a
house last year.
B ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (INVERSION IN
CONDITIONALS)

1 LOẠI 1  Dùng SHOULD

CẤU TRÚC BÌNH THƯỜNG CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO NGỮ

If + S + V (present simple) Should + S + (not) + V-bare

e.g. If he appears, e.g. Should he appear,

please tell him to wait for me. please tell him to wait for me.

BÀI TẬP LÀM NHANH TẠI LỚP: VIẾT LẠI CÂU

1. If you hear the fire alarm, leave the building at once.
 Should
______________________________________________________________________________
2. If he has a temperature, he will see the doctor.
 Should
______________________________________________________________________________
3. If she earns a lot of money, she will fly to New York.
 Should
______________________________________________________________________________
2 LOẠI 2  Dùng WERE
 Với ADJ và NOUN
CẤU TRÚC BÌNH THƯỜNG CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO NGỮ

If + S + were + Were + S + (not) +

Noun/Adjective Noun/Adjective

e.g.1 If the painting were e.g.1 Were the painting

genuine, genuine,
it would cost a million dollars. it would cost a million dollars.

e.g.2 If Mr. Khang were a e.g.2 Were Mr. Khang a doctor

doctor now, now,
he would treat all his students he would treat all his students for
for free. free.

 Với VERB
CẤU TRÚC BÌNH THƯỜNG CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO NGỮ
 If + S + V2/ed Were + S + (not) + to Verb

e.g. If I had more time, e.g. Were I to have more time,

my report would be better. my report would be better.

BÀI TẬP LÀM NHANH TẠI LỚP: VIẾT LẠI CÂU

1. Lisa would find the milk if she looked for it in the fridge.
Were
______________________________________________________________________________
2. If I were a bird, I should fly home at once.
 Were
______________________________________________________________________________
3. If you spoke louder, your classmates would understand you.
 Were
______________________________________________________________________________

3 LOẠI 3  Dùng HAD

 CẤU TRÚC BÌNH THƯỜNG CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO NGỮ

If + S + had + V3/ed Had + S + (not) + V3/ed

e.g. If I had invited her to my e.g. Had I invited her to my

party, party,
it would have been more fun. it would have been more fun.

BÀI TẬP LÀM NHANH TẠI LỚP: VIẾT LẠI CÂU

1. He didn't hurry, so he missed the train.
 If
______________________________________________________________________________
 Had
______________________________________________________________________________
2. The airport was closed. She didn't fly to Rome.
 If
______________________________________________________________________________
 Had
______________________________________________________________________________
3. He didn't have the ticket to the game last week. He wasn't be able
to get in.
 If
______________________________________________________________________________
 Had
______________________________________________________________________________
C CÁC CẤU TRÚC KHÁC

1. Cấu trúc với UNLESS

UNLESS = If … not
e.g. If he doesn’t come, I’ll bring this package to him.

→ _____________________________________, I’ll bring this package

to him.

 Chú ý: KHÔ NG dù ng unless để diễn tả mộ t cảm xúc sẽ xả y ra khi

việc gì đó khô ng diễn ra.

e.g. I’ll be very surprised if it doesn’t rain tonight. (ĐÚNG)

I’ll be very surprised unless it rains tonight. (SAI)

2. Cấu trúc với WITH (Nếu có) WITHOUT (Nếu không có), và
BUT FOR (Nếu không có)

WITH
NOUN
WITHOUT
BUT FOR

e.g.1.If you help me, I can finish this assignment.

→ With _________________, I can finish this assignment.

e.g.2.If you don’t have determination, you can’t overcome this

obstacle.
→ Without __________________, you can’t finish this
assignment.

e.g. If you hadn’t brought the map, we would have lost our
way.
→ But for/Without _______________________, we would have
lost our way.

 Chú ý:
But for/Without + NOUN = If it were not for + NOUN (If loạ i 2)

But for/Without + NOUN = If it had not been for + NOUN (If loạ i 3).
 e.g.1 But for/Without water, life would not exist.
= If it _________________________, life would not exist.

e.g.2 But for/Without your map, we would have lost our way.
= If it ___________________________________, we would have lost
our way.

3. Cấu trúc với các từ khác

CÁC CỤM TỪ TƯƠNG NGHĨA VÍ DỤ
ĐƯƠNG VỚI IF
as / so long as chừng nào You will live for 100 years
mà, miễn as/so long as you have a
là HEALTHY and BALANCED
life.

providing / provided miễn là They will finish their test

(that) providing/provided
(that) you give them more
time.

on condition that với điều She will lend you her car on
under the condition kiện là condition / under the
that condition that you take
 good care of it.

only if chỉ She will win the race only if

khi/nếu her opponent gives up.

suppose / supposing Cứ cho là Suppose/Supposing he

(that) didn’t come, I would still
celebrate my party.

4. Cấu trúc với IN CASE (Trong trường hợp)

- In case có ý nghĩa hoàn toàn khác if.
 e.g.1.She will bring an umbrella if it rains.

(→ Nếu trời mưa, cô ấy sẽ đem theo dù. Có nghĩa là cô ấy thấy

trời mưa nên đem theo dù để dùng khi đi ra ngoài.)

e.g.2.She will bring an umbrella in case it rains.

(→ Cô ấy đem theo dù để dùng trong trường hợp trời mưa. Có

nghĩa là cô ấy sợ trời sẽ mưa nên đem theo dù để đề phòng.)

- Các cấu trúc tương đương IN CASE

 In case / In the event that + Clause (S+V)

e.g. In case / In the event that it rains, she will bring an
umbrella

 In case of / In the event of + Noun

e.g. In case of / In the event of the rain, she will bring an
umbrella.

6. Cấu trúc với AS IF / AS THOUGH (Như thể là)

 MỆNH ĐỀ SAU AS IF / VÍ DỤ
TÌNH HUỐNG
AS THOUGH
Khô ng có thậ t ở Had V3/ed She spoke as if she (be)
quá khứ ________________ here
yesterday, but she wasn’t.

Khô ng có thậ t ở He plays as if he (be)

hiện tạ i V2/ed / were _______________ a professional
tennis player, but he doesn’t.

Khô ng có thậ t ở would They act as though he

tương lai (come) _________________
tomorrow, but in fact the
will be busy.