CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE VS SIMPLE PAST TENSE

(SO SÁNH THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH VỚI THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)

I. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH.

1. Form: Công thức:
Khẳng định S + have / has + V3/ ed + O
Nghi vấn Have / has + S + V3/ ed + O?
Phủ định S + have/ has + not + V3/ ed + O
2. Usage: Cách dùng:
- Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và hành động đó kéo dài đến hiện tại: (for, since)
Ex: I have taught English for 8 years now. ( … since 2000.)
- Chỉ hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra gần đây.(just, recently, lately…)
Ex: He has just gone out.
- Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và hành động đó không xác định rõ vào thời điểm nào:
Ex: I have read this book already.
Ex: He has sent her a letter recently.
- Chỉ hành động lập đi lập lại trong quá khứ nhiều lần:
Ex: I have been to Hanoi several times.
- Chỉ hành động xong trước một hành động khác ở hiện tại hay tương lai:
Ex: You’ll pass the test after you have done these exercises.
Ex: He says that he has completed his work.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết: never, ever, since, for, recently, lately, just, already, so far, up to now, up to
the present, until now, before (trước đây), yet (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi), many times,
several times, how long, this is the first time / the second time, four times , five times…

II. SIMPLE PAST TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN.

1. Form: Công thức
Khẳng định S + V2/ed + O
Nghi vấn Did + S + V +O?
Phủ định S + did not/didn’d + V + O
2. Usage: Cách dùng:
- Hành động, sự việc xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ.
Ex: She bought this car last year.
- Hành động, sự việc xảy ra trong suốt một quãng thời gian dài trong quá khứ nhưng nay đã chấm
dứt.
Ex: Mr Ben spent all his youth in Africa.
- Hành động lặp đi, lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ (thói quen trong quá khứ) nhưng bây giờ không
còn nữa.
Ex: My father always drank a cup of coffee for breakfast when he was young.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết: yesterday (yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon; last (last year, last night,
last week, last month….); ago (two years ago, many months ago, ten minutes ago….); in + year in
the past (một năm nào đó trong quá khứ: in 1999, in 2001…)

EXERCISES
Exercise I: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.
1. We (never watch) __________ that TV programme.
2. We (wacth) __________ a good programme on TV last night.
3. He (read) __________ that novel many times before.
4. He (read) __________ that novel again during my last vacation.
5. I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week. However, I (have) _______ no trouble
with my car since then.
6. I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him three weeks ago.
7. She (learn) ____________ English since she was ten years old.
8. I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a very big girl.
9. He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.
10. It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.
11. They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now.
12. We (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago.
14. He (know) ___________ her since last year.
15. When __________he (start) __________ to learn French ?
16. She (lose) __________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning.
17. My mother (be) ________ in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet.
18. His dog (just run) __________ out of the garden.
19. Mr Brown (travel) __________ by air several times.
20. He (travel) ___________ to Mexico by air last summer.

II. choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.

1. When I got home I found that water _________ down the kitchen walls
A. ran B. was running C. has run D. had been running
2. After he._________ his English course, he went to England to continue his study
A. has finish B. had finished C. was finished D. would finish
3. How_________ since we _________ college?
A. are you/ left B. were you/ left
C. have you been/ have left D. have you been/ left
4. I_________ much of you lately. We_________ three months ago
A. haven’t seen/ last meet B. didn’t see/ met
C. haven’t seen/ have meet D. didn’t see/ have met
5. The Chinese_______ spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo _______ back to Italy
A. made/ brought B. have made/ brought
C. made/ had brought D. had been making/ brought
6. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker _________ speaking and the audience________
A. just finished/ were clapping B. had just finished/ had clapped
C. had just finished/ were clapping D. just finished/ had clapped
7. He _________ his job last month and then he _________ out of work
A. lost- was B. was lost- had been C. has lost- was D. lost- has been
8. In the last hundred years, traveling _________ much easier and more comfortable
A. become B. has become C. became D. will became
th
9. In the 19 century, it ______ two or three months to across North America by covered wagon
A. took B. had taken C. had been taken D. was taking
10. In the past, the trip _________ very rough and often dangerous, but things _________ a great
deal in the last hundred and fifty years
A. was/ have changed B. is/change
C. had been/ will change D. has been/changed
11. She _________ Hanoi last year
A. went B. go C. goes D. is going
12. When Carol _________ last night, I _________ my favorite show on television
A. was calling/ watched B. called/ have watched
C. called/ was watching D. had called/ watched
13. By the time next summer, you _________ your studies
A. completes B. will complete C. are completing D. will have completed
14. Right now, Jim _________ the newspaper and Kathy _________ dinner
A. reads/ has cooked B. is reading/ is cooking
C. has read/ was cooking D. read/ will be cooking
15. Last night at this time, they ____ the same thing. She ______ and he _______ the newspaper
A. are doing/ is cooking/ is reading B. were doing/ was cooking/ was reading
C. was doing/ has cooked/ is reading D. had done/ was cooking/ read
16. Sam _________ to change a light bulb when he _________ and _________
A. was trying/slipped/ fell B. tried/ was slipping/ falling
C. had been trying- slipped- was falling D. has tried/slips/ falls
17. Every day I ____up at 6 o’clock, ____breakfast at seven o’clock and____ for work at 8 o’clock
A. get/ eat/ leave B. have got/ eating/ leaving
C. got/ ate/ left D. will get/ have eaten/ left
18. I_______ for this company for more then thirty years, and I intend to stay here until
I_______next year
A. am working/ will retire B. am going to work/ am retiring
C. work/ am going to retire D. have been working/ retire
19. My mother is the first _________ up and the last _________ to bed
A. getting/ going B. to get/ going C. getting/ to go D. to get/ to go
20. I must have a bath. I _________ all the afternoon
A. was gardening B. have gardened
C. have been gardening D. had been gardening
21. The team _________ a single match so far this season
A. doesn’t win B. didn’t win C. hasn’t won D. hadn’t won
22. By the time you receive this letter, I _________ for the USA
A. have left B. will leave C. will have left D. am leaving
23. Up to now, the manager _________ a lot of information about his secretary.
A. learned B. has learned C. had learned D. learns
24. Where is Mary? _ She _________ her homework in her room.
A. is performing B. is making C. is doing D. is learning
25. While I _________ along the road, I saw a friend of mine.
A. was cycling B. have cycled C. cycled D. am cycling
26. By the time I _________ this report, I will give you a ring.
A. type B. will type C. have typed D. will have typed
27. While my mother ________ a film on TV, my father was cooking dinner. It was March 8th
yesterday.
A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. watches
28. The plane from Dallas _____ two hours late, so I missed my connecting flight from Frankfurt to
London.
A. took on B. took in C. took over D. took off
29. When we came, a party _________ in the hall.
A. is being held B. had being held C. will be held D. was being held
30. He _________ in the same house since 1975.
A. has lived B. is living C. lived D. had lived
31. When I came to visit her last night, she ________ a bath.
A. is having B. was having C. has D. had
32.When we arrived at the restaurant, the others __________ .
A. left B. have left C. had left D. are leaving
33. By the end of 2010 we_______ in Ho Chi Minh City for 30 years.
A. work B. will work C. have worked D. will have worked
34. I learned that the college ________ in 1900
 A. found B. was founded C. founded D. had been founded
35. If I ________ 10 years younger, I _______ the job.
A. am/ will take B. were/ would take C. would be/ took D. had been / would take
36. By the time he _____________ to the meeting, it had begun for 15 minutes.
A. had gone B. has gone C. went D. was going
37. He began to feel ill while ___________________.
A. he is doing the exam B. he did the exam
C. he would do the exam D. he was doing the exam.
38. Since 1980, scientists the world over _____ a lot of things to fight against AIDS.
A. have done B. are doing C. did D. had done
39. Now my sister _____ a bicycle of her own.
A. is having B. are having C. has D. had
40. Last week, my professor promised that he _____ today.
A. would come B. will come C. comes D. coming
41. My girl friend arrived after I _____ for her about half an hour.
A. was waiting B. had been waiting C. have been waiting D. have waited
42. I _____ in Quang Ngai before I moved to Binh Thuan.
A. have been living B. have lived C. had lived D. had been living
43. There are many ways _____ to Rome.
A. is leading B. are leading C. leading D. led
44. While I ____________ T.V last night, a mouse ran across the floor.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching
45. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle _________ last night.
A. was stolen B. had been stolen C. stole D. was being stolen
46. While they were ________tables, he was _________ the radio.
A. arranging / listening to B. arranging/ hearing
C. laying /listening to D. making/ hearing
47. I suddenly remembered that I ........to bring my keys.
A. having forgotten B. have forgotten C. had forgotten D. forgot
48. By the year 2010 many people currently employed ________their jobs.
A. will have lost B. will be losing C. have lost D. are losing
49. By September next year I_______ here for ten years.
A. will be working B. work
C. will have been working D. have been working

TENSE TRANSFORMATION:
CHUYỂN ĐỔI THÌ QÚA KHỨ ĐƠN SANG THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
1.
S + began/ started + V-ing / To V … in + time (May, 1990,…)
time (years, month,..) + ago
 S + have/has + Ved/3…………….. since/ for + time
have/has + been + V-ing…….

Ex: I started learning English five years ago

 I have been studying English for five years
2.
S + have/ has + (not) + Ved/3…… for + time
 It’s + time + since + S + (last) + Ved/2

Ex: She has lived here for many years.

It’s many years since she lived here.
I haven’t seen him for two months
 It’s two months since I last saw him
3.
S + have/ has + not + Ved/3………for/ since + time
 a. The last time + S + Ved/2……was + time(years,month,..) + ago
in + time(May, 1990,…)
b. S + last + Ved/2 …… time + ago
in + time

Ex: I haven’t seen him for two months

 The last time I saw him was two months ago
 I last saw him two months ago
4.
S + have/ has + (not) + Ved/3 ….+ since + S + Ved/2
 S + (last) Ved/2 + when + S + Ved/2

Ex: John hasn’t seen her since she left for Japan
 John last saw her when she left for Japan
5.
S + have/ has + not + Ved/3………before
 It/this/that is the first time + S + have/ has + Ved/3
Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before
It is the first time I have seen that man here
6.
How long is it since + S + Ved/2…..?
have/ has + S + Ved/3…..?
 When did + S + V0…….?
Ex: How long is it since you sold this car?
 When did you sell this car?
7.
S + have/ has + never + Ved/3 + such (a/ an) + Adj + N
 It/this/that is the + Adj (superlative) + S + have/ has + ever + Ved/3

Ex: I’ve never met such an intelligent boy

 This is the most intelligent boy I’ve ever met
8.
Before + S + Ved/2………….S + had + Ved/3
After + S + had + Ved/3……….S + Ved/2

Ex: He played football but first he did all his homework

 Before he played football, he had done his homework
 After he had done his homework, he played football
9.
S + had + hardly + Ved/3 + when + S + Ved/2
= Hardly + had + S + Ved/3 + when + S + Ved/2
 S + had + no sooner + Ved/3 + than + S + Ved/2
= No sooner + had + S + Ved/3 + than + S + Ved/2
Ex: He had hardly seen me when he ran away
 He had no sooner seen me than he ran away

EXERCISES
I. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning.
1. I have played football for ages.
 It’s ages …………………………………………………………………………………………
2. She hasn’t seen her mother since she left for Pairs.
She ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. The last time I went to Hanoi was over fours years ago.
I …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
It’s ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. I last saw her when she returned to her home town.
I haven’t seen her …………………………………………………………………………………
5. How long have you sold your old house?
When did you sell…………………………………………………………………………………
6. She hasn’t spoken Japanese before.
It’s the first time …………………………………………………………………………
7. This is the first time she has driven a car.
She ……………………………………………………………………………………….
8. I haven’t heard from him since July.
I last ………………………………………………………………………………………
The last time I …………………………………………………………………………….
9. My aunt has been teaching English for 40 years.
 My aunt ………………………………………………………………………………….
10. I went over my lesson and then went to school
 Before I …………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Before he watched TV, he had done all his exercises
 After he …………………………………………………………………………………...
12. The children went to bed. We watched TV.
 After the children …………………………………………………………………………
13. I bought a new television. First I checked all prices
 Before I ………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. He had hardly begun the trip when he fell ill.
 Hardly …………………………………………………………………………………….
15. How long have Mary and John been married?
 When ……………………………………………………………………………………..
II. Choose the best sentence that has the same meaning as the one given
1. It is seven years since we ______.
A. last talked to Daisy B. have talked to Daisy C. last talked Daisy D. talk to Daisy
2. It’s two years ___________ Joe.
A. that I don’t see B. that I haven’t seen C. since I didn’t see D. since I saw
3. By the time I arrived at the station, ______________.
A. my friend has left. B. my friend has been leaving.
C. my friend leaves. D. my friend had left.
4. Before I came to class, I had had a cup of coffee.
A. I had come to class after I had a cup of coffee.
B. After I had come to class, I had a cup of coffee.
C. I had had a cup of coffee after I came to class.
D. After I had had a cup of coffee, I came to class.
5. Jane rang hours and hours ago.
A. It’s hours before Jane rang. B. It’s hours after Jane rang.
C. It’s hours since Jane rang. D. It’s hours when Jane rang.
6. It has been a long time since they met.
A. They haven’t met since a long time. B. They haven’t met for a long time.
C. They didn’t meet for a long time. D. They didn’t meet a long time ago.
7. I haven’t stayed in a hotel for years.
A. It’s years since I stayed in a hotel. B. It’s years when I stayed in a hotel.
 C. It’s years since I stay in a hotel. D. I haven’t stayed in a hotel years ago.
8. I have never read such a good book before.
A. This is the first time I read a good book.
B. This is the first time I have read a good book.
C. This book is the best I have never read.
D. This book is the best I read.
9. She started learning English ten years ago.
A. She has not learnt English before. B. She has learnt English since ten years.
C. She has started learning English for ten years. D. She has learnt English for ten years
10. It’s two years since he last went home.
A. He hasn’t gone home for two years. B. The last time he went home was two years ago.
C. He didn’t go home two years ago. D. Both A & B are correct.
11. She began to play the piano three years ago.
A. She has played the piano since three years. B. She has played the piano for three years
C. She doesn’t play the piano now. D. She stops playing the piano now.
12. We last went to the cinema two months ago.
A. We haven’t gone to the cinema for two months. B. We didn’t go to the cinema for two months.
C. We didn’t want to go to the cinema any more. D. We stopped going to the cinema.
13. He lost the job three months ago.
A. It is three months ago since he lost the job. C. It is three months since he lost the job.
C. They are three months since he lost the job. D. It is three months when he lost the job.
14. John began playing the organ five years ago.
A. John has been playing the organ five years ago.
B. John has played the organ since five years.
C. John has been playing the organ for five years.
D. John used to play the organ five years ago
15. He stopped smoking last year.
A. He began smoking last year. B. He has not smoked for a year.
C. He has smoked for a year. D. He no longer smoked.
16. We have been cooking for the party for four hours.
A. We didn’t start cooking for the party until four.
B. We started cooking for the party four hours ago.
C. We have four cooks for the party
D. Cooking for the party will be done in four hours
17. She hasn’t played the piano for five years.
A. She didn’t play the piano since five years.
B. The last time she played the piano was five years ago.
C. The last time she played the piano five years ago.
D. She played the piano five years.
18. How long haven't you seen Peter? This sentence means: ______.
A. When are you going to see Peter?
B. When will you and Peter see each other again?
C. When did you last see Peter?
D. When haven’t you seen Peter?
19. I haven’t seen her for months.
A. It’s months when I last saw her. B. It’s months since I last saw her.
C. It’s months after I last saw her. D. It’s months before I last saw her.
20. I haven’t been to London since I left my college.
A. I went to London when I left my college.
B. The last time I went to London was when I left my college.
C. I have just been to London.
D. I have been to London to visit my college.
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