5 PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN TEACHING

https://www.nonstopteaching.com/2018/01/5-pedagogical-approaches-in-teaching.html

Teachers primary concern are the learners. They have to teach in order for their students to learn something. They use
some tools in teaching such as books, visuals, and any other suitable materials. However, teaching is not as easy as
that because they also have to be aware of the 5 Pedagogical Approaches which can enhance the process of learning.

The Five 5 Pedagogical Approaches in Teaching are:

1. Contructivism or the Constructivist Approach
2. Collaborative Approach
3. Inquiry-Based Approach
4. Integrative Approach
5. Reflective Approach

Constructivism or Constructivist Approach

Constructivist teaching is based on constructivist learning theory. It based on the belief that learning occurs as
learners are actively involved in a process of meaning and knowledge construction as opposed to passively receiving
information. Learners are the makers of meaning and knowledge.

Collaborative Approach
Collaborative learning is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together. Unlike
individual learning, people engaged in collaborative learning capitalize on one another's resources and skills (asking
one another for information, evaluating one another's ideas, monitoring one another's work, etc.).More specifically,
collaborative learning is based on the model that knowledge can be created within a population where members
actively interact by sharing experiences and take on asymmetry roles.

Inquiry-Based Approach
Inquiry-based learning (also enquiry-based learning in British English) is a form of active learning that starts by
posing questions, problems or scenarios—rather than simply presenting established facts or portraying a smooth path
to knowledge. The process is often assisted by a facilitator. Inquirers will identify and research issues and questions
to develop their knowledge or solutions. Inquiry-based learning includes problem-based learning, and is generally
used in small scale investigations and projects, as well as research. The inquiry-based instruction is principally very
closely related to the development and practice of thinking skills.

Integrative Approach
Integrative learning is a learning theory describing a movement toward integrated lessons helping students make
connections across curricula. This higher education concept is distinct from the elementary and high school
"integrated curriculum" movement. Integrated studies involve bringing together traditionally separate subjects so that
students can grasp a more authentic understanding.Interdisciplinary curricula has been shown by several studies to
support students’ engagement and learning. Specifically integrating science with reading comprehension and writing
lessons has been shown to improve students’ understanding in both science and English language arts.

Reflective Approach
Reflective teaching is a process where teachers think over their teaching practices, analyzing how something was
taught and how the practice might be improved or changed for better learning outcomes. Some points of
consideration in the reflection process might be what is currently being done, why it's being done and how well
students are learning. You can use reflection as a way to simply learn more about your own practice, improve a
certain practice (small groups and cooperative learning, for example) or to focus on a problem students are having.
Let's discuss some methods of reflective teaching now.
 13 ESSENTIAL 21ST CENTURY SKILLS FOR TODAYS STUDENTS
https://www.envisionexperience.com/blog/13-essential-21st-century-skills-for-todays-students

Educators and workforce experts alike often warn that our children need improved
21st century skills. Without these skills, they will not be able to successfully
participate in the global economy. They won’t be adequately prepared for college and
work.

But what, exactly, are 21st century skills? Are we just talking about computer and
technology skills? And who decides which skills make the list?

It depends on who you ask. But a Hanover Research report, A Crosswalk of 21st
Century Skills, sheds some light on the subject.

More than Computers & Technology

Hanover Research recently analyzed six major educational frameworks designed to
improve the development of 21st century skills. This included frameworks and critical
skills listed by the Partnership for 21st Century Skills, Tony Wagner’s Seven Survival
Skills, the Metiri Group’s enGauge framework, the Iowa Core 21st Century Skills,
developed by the Iowa Department of Education, the Connecticut State Department
of Education and the Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (ATC21S).

While each framework has slightly different list of critical 21st century skills, all
agree on four critical areas for development:
 Collaboration and teamwork
 Creativity and imagination
 Critical thinking
 Problem solving

“It is easy to see how these skills could be valuable to a new high school graduate
and to employers, as well as how these skills can easily interact with one another,”
according to the Hanover Research report. Others, such as the research division of
the Kamehameha Schools in Hawaii, draw similar conclusions from the various
frameworks on 21st century skills.

“More than technological expertise, 21st century skills refer to content knowledge,
literacies and proficiencies that prepare individuals to meet the challenges and
opportunities of today’s world,” stated the Kamehameha Schools report, An Overview
of 21st Century Skills.

Other Critical Skills for Success

The Hanover Research analysis also identifies a second tier of important 21st century
skills, present in five of the six major frameworks:
 Flexibility and adaptability
 Global and cultural awareness
 Information literacy
 Leadership
 The following skills were present in four of the six frameworks:
 Civic literacy and citizenship
 Oral and written communication skills
 Social responsibility and ethics
 Technology literacy
 Initiative

“The driving force for the 21st century is the intellectual capital of citizens,” said the
Metiri Group in its white paper, Twenty-First Century Skills. “Political, social and
economic advances in the United States during this millennium will be possible only if
the intellectual potential of America youth is developed now.”