Active Transport

● Pumps
● Endocytosis
● Exocytosis

Active Transport
● ATP (energy) is needed for pump
● Moves materials from LOW to HIGH concentration
● Against concentration gradient

Na+/K+ ATPase Pump

● Reestablish membrane potential
● Present in all cells
● Two K+ ions are exchanged with 3 Na+ ions

Na+/I- Symporter
Thyroid gland/iodine
● thyroid gland accumulates iodine as it is needed to manufacture the hormone thyroxin
● iodine concentration can be as much as 25x more concentrated in the thyroid than in
blood

Proton Pump
● In order to make ATP in the mitochondria, a proton pump (hydrogen ion) is required.

Active transport is important in:

● Mitochondria
● Neuron
● Thyroid

Endocytosis
● taking in of molecules or particles by invagination of the cell membrane forming a vesicle
● integrity of plasma membrane is maintained
● requires energy
● endocytosis is followed by exocytosis on the other side. – Transcytosis, vesicle
trafficking, or cytopempsis