ACTIVE

TRANSPORT
Fluid Mosaic Model
 ACTIVE TRANSPORT
■ Active transport- pumps molecules and ions against a
concentration gradient.
■ Energy must be provided.
■ Exhibit saturation kinetics-
 ACTIVE TRANSPORT
■ Active transport is divided into two
types according to the source of
energy used to cause the transport:

■ 1. Primary active transport

■ 2. Secondary active transport
1. Primary Active Transport
■ They use the energy directly from the hydrolysis of
ATP.

 Sodium Potassium Pump

 Calcium Pump
 Hydrogen Potassium Pump
 Hydrogen / Proton Pump
Examples of Primary Active Transporters
 Sodium Potassium Pump
-present in all eukaryotic cells

Functions:
1. Maintains sodium potassium concentration difference
across the cell membrane.
2. Maintains volume of the cell.
3. Causes the negative electrical charge inside the cell-
electrogenic pump.
4. Essential for oxygen utilization by the kidneys.
-an antiporter that
uses ATP to move
ions across the
membrane.
 Calcium Pump
-play a crucial role in proper cell signaling.

■ Calcium pumps are a family of ion transporters found in

the cell membrane of all animal cells.

■ They are responsible for the active transport of calcium

out of the cell, reducing the calcium level around the
actin and myosin filaments and allowing the muscle to
relax.
Hydrogen Potassium Pump
-also known as H+/K+ ATPase, proton pump of the stomach.
■ The enzyme primarily responsible for the acidification
of the stomach contents and the activation of the
digestive enzyme pepsin.

■ Unlike other eukaryotic ATPases, the H+/K+ ATPase is

electroneutral, transporting one proton into the
stomach lumen per potassium ion retrieved from the
gastric lumen.
Proton Pump
-H+ ATPase, present in lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum.

■ Pushes hydrogen ions from areas of low concentration

to areas with high concentration. 

■ An integral membrane protein that is capable of moving

protons across the membrane of a cell, mitochondrion,
or other subcellular compartment.
 SECONDARY ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
■ Energy utilized in the transport of one substance
helps in the movement of the other substance.
■ Uses an electrochemical gradient – generated by
active transport – as an energy source to move
molecules against their gradient, and thus, does not
directly require a chemical source of energy such
as ATP.
 Counter Transport/Antiport
■ Antiport or Counter-
transport means that 2 different
molecules or ions are being
transported at the same time
but opposite directions.
1-2. Give the two types of Active Transport.
3. __________ needs ATP to pump molecules and ions against a
concentration gradient.
4-6. Give the examples of Primary Active Transporters.
7. They use the energy directly from the hydrolysis of ATP.
8. Uses an electrochemical gradient – generated by active transport
– as an energy source to move molecules against their gradient.
9. If molecules move in opposite directions, the protein that
transports them is called a/an ________.
10. If molecules move in the same directions, the protein that
transports them is called a/an ________.