Rizal Reviewer

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MODULE 1-A
INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE: RA 1425 OR RIZAL LAW
How RA 1425 is born
Philippines was grappled with various challenges during a postwar period. Truly, there was a call for
nation-building. Several prominent individuals who championed nationalism came to action. Mostly pursued
government measures to instill patriotism and love for country in the hearts and minds of the Filipinos. These
people drew inspiration from the Philippine experience of the revolution for independence against Spain and
from the heroes of that important period of the country's history. Among these was Claro M. Recto who
authored a bill on the study of the life and writings of Rizal.
These are the important events leading to RA 1425 and to its full implementation:
April 3, 1956 Senate Bill No. 438 was filed by the Senate
Committee on Education
April 17, 1956 Senate Committee on Education Chair Jose P.
Laurel sponsored the bill and began delivering
speeches for the proposed legislation.
* The bill became controversial as the powerful Catholic Church
began to express opposition against its passage. As the influence
of the Church was felt with members of the Senate voicing their
opposition to the bill, its main author, Claro M. Recto, and his Claro M. Recto
allies in the Senate entered into a fierce battle arguing for the
passage of SB 438.
April 19, 1956 House Bill No. 5561, an identical version of SB

438, was filed by Representative Jacobo Z.
Gonzales
April 23, 1956. Debates started
May 2, 1956 The House Committee on Education approved
the bill without amendments
Jose P. Laurel
May 9, 1956. The debates commenced on a major point
whether the compulsory reading of the texts
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
appropriated in the bill was constitutional.
The call to read the unexpurgated versions
was also challenged.
May 9, 1956 Jose P. Laurel proposed amendments to the
bill on May 9, 1956. In particular, he removed
the compulsory reading of Rizal’s novels and
added that Rizal’s other works must also be
included in the subject while he remained
adamant in his stand that the unexpurgated
versions of the novels be read.
May 14, 1956 Similar amendments were adopted to the
House version
May 17, 1956 The Senate and House versions were
approved.
June 12, 1956 The approved versions were then transmitted
to Malacañ an and on June 12, 1956, President Other
Magsaysay signed the bill into law which Important
became Republic Act No. 1425. Issuances
Leading to the Full Implementation of RA 1425:
Module 2 Prepared by: Analie S.1Fernando, LPT, MAED

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 Presidential Memorandum Order 247 - issued by President Fidel Ramos directed the DECS and CHED to
immediately and fully implement R.A. 1425 on December 26, 1994.
 CHED Memo 03, series of 1995 requiring Colleges and Universities to comply with R.A. 1425, was signed
by Commissioner Mona Dumlao Valisno on Jan. 13, 1995.
 CHED Memo 04, series of 1996, requiring all colleges and universities to offer Rizal course as a separate
three-unit course fully and immediately, was signed by Commissioners Kate C. Botengan, Ester Albano-
Garcia and Mona Dumlao-Valisno on January 26, 1996.
The Debates over SB 438
Notable Persons Who Tried To Block Its Intentions / Reasons of Persons Who Blocked
Approval the Approval of Rizal Bill
 Sen. Decoroso Rosales – brother of  The Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Archbishop (Cardinal) Rosales are very damaging to the clerics.
 Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo – President of  The novels were written when Dr. Jose Rizal,
Catholic Action of the Philippines estranged from Catholic faith and religion
and contradict many of the Christian beliefs.
 Sen. Mariano Cuenco – brother of  To compel Catholic students to read a book
Archbishop Cuenco which contains passages contradicting their
faith constitutes a violation of a Philippine
constitutional provision (Art. 3, Sec. 1, Par.
7).
 Jesus Paredes – radio commentator  The novels do contain teachings contrary to
 Fr. Jesus Cavana – member of the Paulist Catholic faith and so, the Church is opposed
Order who wrote a pastoral letter to the proposed compulsory reading in their
 The Friars entirety of such books in any school in the
Philippines where Catholic students may be
affected.
Notable Persons Who Fought For Its Approval Intentions/Reasons of Persons Who Pushed for
the Approval of Rizal Bill
 Sen. Jose P. Laurel There is a need for a rededication to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism for which our heroes
lived and died.
 Claro M. Recto There is a need to remember with special
fondness and devotion the lives and works of our
heroes who shaped the national character.
 Other Illustrious Nationalists His life, works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal
particularly, his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo are constant and inspiring source
of patriotism with which the minds of the youth,
especially during their formative and decisive
years in school, should be suffused.
 Sen. Jose P. Laurel
Some arguments of the anti and pro Rizal Bill.
“A vast majority of our people are, at the same time, Catholic and Filipino citizens. As such, they
have two great loves: their country and their faith. These two loves are not conflicting loves. They are
harmonious affections, like the love for his father and for his mother.
This is the basis of my stand. Let us not create a conflict between nationalism and religion,
between the government and the church.”
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“Now, according to Rizal himself, the object of his novels was to expose in terms of fictional
narrative the actual evils which then afflicted Philippine society.7 This “social cancer” was, in his opinion,
largely due to the decadent state of the religious order and to some practices of the Catholic religion.
Hence the larger part of these novels is devoted to castigating dissedifying priests and to satirizing what
he deemed to be supertitious observances and practices of the Church.”
- Excerpts from Statement of the Philippine Hierarchy on the Novels of Dr. Jose Rizal Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
“Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo must be read by all Filipinos. They must be taken to
heart, for in their pages we see ourselves as in a mirror, our defects as well as our strength, our virtues
as well as our vices. Only then would we become conscious as a people and so learn to prepare
ourselves for painful sacrifices that ultimately lead to self-reliance, self-respect, and freedom.”
-Senator Jose P. Laurel
“Rizal did not pretend to teach religion when he wrote those books. He aimed at inculcating civic
consciousness in the Filipinos, national dignity, personal pride, and patriotism and if references were
made by him in the course of his narration to certain religious practices in the Philippines in those days,
and to the conduct and behavior of erring ministers of the church, it was because he portrayed faithfully
the general situation in the Philippines as it then existed.”
-Senator Claro M. Recto
Points to Remember about RA 1425
 Mandated that Courses on the life, works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal, particularly the novels Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities,
public and private.
 Directed all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries adequate number of copies of the
original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo as well as Rizal's other
works and biography.
 Authorized and directed the Board of National Education to work for the translation of Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo as well as other writings of Dr. Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and other principal
dialects as well as their printing in cheap or popular editions and their circulation.
Rizal: A Legislated and Mandated Course
Rizal as a Course is legislated since it is founded on Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law), at the same
time mandated since it is ordered by Presidential Memorandum Order 247 and CHED Memorandum Order 4,
series of 1996.
Read the full article of Republic Act No. 1425.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425
AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS
NOVELS NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND
DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

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WHEREAS, today, more than any other period of our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died;
WHEREAS, it is meet that in honoring them, particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember
with special fondness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national character;
WHEREAS, the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially
during their formative and decisive years in school, should be suffused;
WHEREAS, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and
all schools are enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and to teach the duties
of citizenship; Now, therefore,
SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private:
Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be used as basic texts.
The Board of National Education is hereby authorized and directed to adopt forthwith measures to implement
and carry out the provisions of this Section, including the writing and printing of appropriate primers, readers
and textbooks. The Board shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act, promulgate rules and
regulations, including those of a disciplinary nature, to carry out and enforce the provisions of this Act. The
Board shall promulgate rules and regulations providing for the exemption of students for reasons of religious
belief stated in a sworn written statement, from the requirement of the provision contained in the second part
of the first paragraph of this section; but not from taking the course provided for in the first part of said
paragraph. Said rules and regulations shall take effect thirty (30) days after their publication in the Official
Gazette.
SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate
number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as
well as of Rizal’s other works and biography. The said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo or their translations in English as well as other writings of Rizal shall be included in the list of
approved books for required reading in all public or private schools, colleges and universities.
The Board of National Education shall determine the adequacy of the number of books, depending upon the
enrollment of the school, college or university.
SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects;
cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons
desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Barrio Councils throughout the country.
SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty-
seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers
and other person engaged in any public school.
SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any fund
not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act.
SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

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MODULE 1-B
19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT
The World in the 19th Century
 Russia
On February 19, 1861, four months before Rizal’s birth in Calamba, the liberal Czar Alexander (1855-
1881), to appease the rising discontent of the Russian masses, issued a proclamation emancipating 22,500,000
serfs. When Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, the American Civil War (1861-65) was raging furiously in the
United States over the issue of Negro slavery. This titanic conflict, which erupted on April 12, 1861, compelled
President Lincoln to issue the famous Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1863 freeing the Negro
slaves.
 Mexico
On June 1, 1861, just eighteen days before Rizal’s birth, Benito Juarez, a full-blooded Zapotec Indian,
was elected President of Mexico. A year after his election (in April 1862) Emperor Napoleon III of the Second
French Empire, in an imperialistic desire to secure a colonial stake in Latin America, sent French troops which
invaded and conquered Mexico. President Juarez, owing to the raging American Civil War, could not obtain
military aid from a friend, President Lincoln, but the said President of Mexico continued to resist the French
invaders with the valiant Indian and Mexican freedom fighters. On June 12, 1864, Napoleon III, to consolidate
occupation to Mexico, installed Archduke Maximilian of Austria as puppet emperor of Mexico at Mexico City.
Finally, after the end of the American Civil War, Juarez, with U.S. support, defeated Maximilian’s French forces
in the Battle of Queretaro (May 15, 1867) and executed Emperor Maximilian on June 19, 1867 (Rizal’s sixth
birthday anniversary). Thus fizzled out Emperor Napoleon III’s ambition to colonize Latin America,
 Italy and Germany

In Rizal’s times two European nations (Italians and Germans) succeeded in unifying their own
countries. The Italians under the leadership of Count Cavour and of Garibaldi and the Army of “Red Shirts”
drove out the Austrians and French armies from Italy and proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy under King Victor
Emmanuel, with Rome as capital city. The Prussians led by Otto von Bismarck, the “Iron Chancellor”, defeated
France in the Franco-Prussian War and established the German Empire on January 18, 1871, with King Wilhelm
of Prussia as first Kaiser of the German Empire. With his defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, Emperor Napoleon
III’s Second French Empire collapsed, and over its ruins the Third French Republic arose, with Adolph Thiers as
first President.
 England
The times of Rizal saw the flowering of Western imperialism. England emerged as the world’s leading
imperialist power. On account of its invincible navy and magnificent army, England was able to conquer many
countries throughout the world and to establish a global colonial empire. Thus the British people during the
glorious reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) proudly asserted: “Britannia rules the waves.” By winning the
First Opium War (1840-1842) and Second Opium War (1856-1860) against the tottering Chinese Empire under
the Manchu dynasty, Britain has acquired the island of Hong Kong (Fragrant Harbor) and the Kowloon
Peninsula opposite Hong Kong. In 1859, after suppressing the Indian Rebellion and dismantling the Mogul
Empire, Queen Victoria imposed the raj (rule) over the subcontinent of India (now consisting of India, Pakistan,
and Bangladesh).
 Burma
By winning the Three Anglo-Burmese Wars (1824-26, 1852, and 1885), Britain conquered Burma.
Other lands in Asia which became British colonies were Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Maldives, Aden, Malaya, Singapore,
and Egypt. Australia and New Zealand in the South Pacific also became British colonies.
The Industrial Revolution and Scientific Revolution
 Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution marked a period of development in the latter half of the 18th century
that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized, urban
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ones. Goods that had once been painstakingly crafted by hand started to be produced in mass
quantities by machines in factories, thanks to the introduction of new machines and techniques in
textiles, iron-making and other industries.
Fueled by the game-changing use of steam power, the Industrial Revolution began in Britain
and spread to the rest of the world, including the United States, by the 1830s and ‘40s. Modern
historians often refer to this period as the First Industrial Revol ution, to set it apart from a second
period of industrialization that took place from the late 19th to early 20th centuries and saw rapid
advances in the steel, electric and automobile industries.
 Scientific Revolution
The scientific revolution was the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when
developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy), and chemistry
transformed societal views about nature. The scientific revolution began in Europe toward the end of the
Renaissance period, and continued through the late 18th century, influencing the intellectual social movement
known as the Enlightenment. While its dates are disputed, the publication in 1543 of Nicolaus Copernicus ‘s De
revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is often cited as marking the
beginning of the scientific revolution.
The scientific revolution was built upon the foundation of ancient Greek learning and science in the
Middle Ages, as it had been elaborated and further developed by Roman/Byzantine science and medieval
Islamic science. The Aristotelian tradition was still an important intellectual framework in the 17th century,
although by that time natural philosophers had moved away from much of it. Key scientific ideas dating back to
classical antiquity had changed drastically over the years, and in many cases been discredited. The ideas that
remained (for example, Aristotle ‘s cosmology, which placed the Earth at the center of a spherical hierarchic
cosmos, or the Ptolemaic model of planetary motion) were transformed fundamentally during the scientific
revolution.
The Philippines during Rizal’s Time
During the time of Rizal, the sinister shadows of Spain's decadence darkened Philippine skies. The
Filipino people agonized beneath the yoke of Spanish misrule, for they were unfortunate victims of the evils of
an unjust, bigoted, and deteriorating colonial power. Among these evils were as follows:
 Instability of Colonial Administration. The instability of Spanish politics since the turbulent reign of King
Ferdinand VII (1808-1833) marked the beginning of political chaos in Spain. The Spanish government
underwent frequent changes owing to bitter struggles between the forces of despotism and liberalism and
the explosions of the Carlist Wars. From 1834 to 1862, Spain had adopted four constitutions, elected 28
parliaments, and installed no less than 529 ministers with portfolios; followed in subsequent years by
party strifes, revolutions, and other political upheavals.
 Corrupt Colonial Officials. General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-73), a boastful and ruthless govérnor
general, aroused the anger of the Filipinos by executing the innocent Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos,
and Jacinto Zamora, the “Martyrs of 1872”. The successor, Admiral Jose Malcampo (1874-77), was a good
Moro fighter, but was an inept and weak administrator. General Fernando Primo de Rivera, governor
general for two terms (1880-83 and 1897-98), accepted bribes from gambling casinos in Manila which was
scandalously permitted to operate. General Valeriano Weyler (1888-91), a cruel and corrupt governor
general of Hispanic-German ancestry, arrived in Manila a poor man and returned to Spain a millionaire by
receiving huge bribes and gifts of diamonds for his wife from wealthy Chinese who evaded the anti-Chinese
law. The Filipinos scornfully called Valeriano Weyler a “tyrant” because of brutally persecuting the
Calamba tenants, particularly the family of Dr. Jose Rizal.
 Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes. To win the support of the overseas colonies during the
Napoleonic invasion, Spain granted them representation in the Cortes (Spanish parliament). Accordingly,
the Philippines experienced the first period of representation in the Cortes from 1810 to 1813. History
demonstrates that the first Philippine delegate, Ventura de los Reyes, took active part in the framing of the
Constitution of 1812, Spain’s first democratic constitution, and was one of its 184 signers. This constitution
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was extended to the Philippines. Another achievement of Delegate De los Reyes was the abolition of the
galleon trade. Unfortunately, the representation of the overseas colonies (including the Philippines) in the
Spanish Cortes was abolished in 1837. Since then Philippine conditions worsened because there was no
means by which the Filipino people could expose the anomalies perpetrated by the colonial officials.
 Human Rights Denied to Filipinos. Since the adoption of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and other
constitutions in succeeding years, the people of Spain enjoyed freedom of speech, freedom of the press,
freedom of association, and other human rights (except freedom of religion). The Spaniards ardently
guarded these rights so that no Spanish monarch dared abolish them. Strangely enough, the Spanish
authorities who cherished these human rights or constitutional liberties in Spain denied them to the
Filipinos in Asia.
 No Equality Before the Law. The Spanish colonial authorities, who were Christians, did not implement
Christ’s precept of fellow personhood of all humans under one God. Especially during the last decades of
Hispanic rule, they arrogantly regarded the brown-skinned Filipinos as inferior beings, not their fellow
Christians to be protected but rather as their majesty’s subjects to be exploited. To their imperialist way of
thinking, brown Filipinos and white Spaniards may be equal before God, but not before the law and
certainly not in practice.
 Racial Discrimination. With the unchristian attitude, many Spaniards and their mestizo satellites
derisively called the brown-skinned and flat-nosed' Filipinos “Indios” (Indians). During Rizal’s time a white
skin, a high nose, and Castilian lineage were a badge of vaunted superiority. Hence, a Spaniard or a mestizo,
no matter how stupid or mongrelborn, always enjoyed political and social prestige in the
community. Racial prejudice was prevalent everywhere -in government offices, in the courts of justice, in
the armed forces, in the social circles, and even in the educational institutions and in the ecclesiastical
hierarchy.
 Frailocracy. Owing to the Spanish political philosophy of union of Church and State, there arose a unique
form of government in Hispanic Philippines called “frailocracy” (frailocracia so named because it was “a
government by friars”). History discloses that since the days of the Spanish conquest, the friars
(Augustinians, Dominicans, and Franciscans) controlled the religious and educational life of the
Philippines, and later in the19th century they came to acquire tremendous political power. The friars
practically ruled the Philippines through a facade of civil government. The colonial authorities, from the
governor general down to the alcaldes mayores, were under the control of the friars.
 Forced Labor. Known as 'the polo”, it was the compulsory labor imposed by the Spanish colonial
authorities on , adult Fllipino males in the construction of churches, schools, hospitals; building and repair
of roads and bridges; the building of ships in the shipyards; “and other public works. Originally, Filipino
males from 16 to 60 years old were obliged to render forced labor for 40 days a year.
 The Guardia Civil. The last hated symbol of Spanish tyranny was the Guardia Civil (Constabulary) which
was created by the Royal Decree of February 12, 1852, as amended by the Royal Decree of March 24, 1888,
for the purpose of maintaining in the peace and order in the Philippines. It was patterned after the famous
and well-disciplined Guardia Civil in Spain. While it is true that the Guardia Civil in the Philippines had
rendered meritorious services in suppressing the bandits in the provinces, they later became infamous for
their abuses, such as maltreating innocent people, looting their carabaos, chickens, and valuable
belongings, and raping helpless women. Both officers (Spaniards) and men (natives) were untrained and
undisciplined, unlike the Guardia Civil in Spain who were respected and well-liked by the populace.

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MODULE 2
RIZAL’S LIFE: FAMILY, CHILDHOOD AND EARLY EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION AND LIFE
ABROAD
Family, Childhood and Early Education
Dr. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonzo Realonda was born on June 19, 1861 in a moonlit of
Wednesday between eleven and midnight in the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna
After three days, June 22, 1861, Rizal was baptized in the Catholic church. Father Rufino Collantes, a
Batangueñ o, was the parish priest who baptized Rizal while Father Pedro Casanas, native of Calamba and close
friend of the Rizal family, was Rizal’s godparent. Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery was the governor general of
the Philippines when Rizal was born.
Rizal’s Lineage
The Rizal paternal ascendant was Domingo Lam-co, a full-blooded Chinese who lived in Amoy, China
and arrived in the Philippines in the closing years of the 17th century. Domingo Lam-co was married to a
Chinese half-breed named Ines de la Rosa. The Mercado-Rizal family had also Japanese, Spanish, Malay and
Negrito blood aside from their Chinese blood.

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Rizal’s Parents
 Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)

 was born in Biñ an, Laguna on May 11, 1818
 studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila
 became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda
 was described as a hardy and independent-minded, who talked less and worked more, and was strong
in body and valiant in spirit
 died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80
 affectionately called “a model of fathers” by Dr. Jose Rizal
 Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)

 was born in Manila on November 8, 1826
 was educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls in the city
 was a remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability, and the fortitude
of Spartan women
 is a woman of more than ordinary culture who knows literature and speaks Spanish (according to
Rizal)
 died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85
The Rizal Children

Eleven children—two boys and nine girls
1. Saturnina (1850-1913)  with a nickname Biang

 oldest of the Rizal children  married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñ an, Laguna
 nicknamed Neneng 7. Jose (1861-1896)

 married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan,  the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius
Batangas  nickname was Pepe
2. Paciano (1851-1930)  lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from
 older brother and confident of Jose Rizal Hong Kong

 was a second father to Rizal  had a son but this baby-boy died a few hours
 Immortalized in Rizal’s first novel Noli after birth; Rizal named him “Francisco” after his
Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio father and buried him in Dapitan
 regarded as the “most noble of Filipinos” 8. Concepcion (1862-1865)
by Dr. Jose Rizal  With a pet name Concha
 became a combat general in the  died of sickness at the age of 3
Philippine Revolution  her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life
 died on April 13, 1930, as an old 9. Josefa (1865-1945)

bachelor aged 79  With a pet name Panggoy
 had two children with the mistress  died an old maid at the age of 80
(Severina sDecena)—a boy and a girl 10. Trinidad (1868-1951)

3. Narcisa (1852-1939)  With a pet name Trining
 with a pet name Sisa  died also an old maid in 1951 aged 83
 married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of 11. Soledad (1870-1929)

Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher  youngest of the Rizal children
of Morong  with a pet name Choleng
4. Olimpia (1855-1887)  married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba
 with a pet name Ypia
 married to Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph
operator from Manila

5. Lucia (1857-1919)
 married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba,
who was a nephew of Father Casanas

 Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied
Christian burial because of being a brother- in-

law of Dr. Rizal
6. Maria (1859-1945)
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The Last Name ‘Rizal’
The Rizal surname was obtained by Francisco Mercado as suggested by a provincial governor after the
Governor General of the Philippines, Narciso Claveria, issued a decree in 1849 by which native Filipino and
immigrant families were to adopt Spanish surnames from a list of Spanish family names.
Jose Rizal also obtained the surname Rizal after dropping three other names. Jose Rizal also retained
Protasio as other family name. Their family never actually recognized their Rizal surname, but Jose Rizal was
forced to use it to be able to travel freely and be disassociate from elder brother Paciano, who was labeled as
notorious because of being with native priests who were executed after they were branded as subversives. Rizal
came from from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again.
The Rizal Home
The house of Jose Rizal’s family was one of the distinguished

stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish times. It was a two-storey
building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods
and roofed with red tiles. By day, it hummed with the noises of
children at play and the songs of the birds in the garden; by night, it
echoed with the dulcet notes of family prayers
The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town aristocracy

in Spanish Philippines. The Rizal family had a simple, contented and
happy life.
Childhood Years in Calamba
Module 1A 10
Prepared by: Analie S. Fernando, LPT, MAED
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Calamba was named after a big native jar. Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican
Order, which also owned all the lands around it. Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)- a poem
about Rizal’s beloved town written by Rizal in 1876 at 15 years old and was student in the Ateneo de Manila
The first memory of Rizal, in infancy, was the happy days in the family garden at three years old. Another
childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By nightfall. Rizal related, how Dona Teodora would gather all the
children at the house to pray the Angelus.
Another memory of Rizal’s infancy was the nocturnal walk in the town, especially when there was a moon.
The death of little Concha brought Rizal the first sorrow. At the age of three, Rizal began to take a part in the family
prayers. At five years old, Rizal was able to read haltingly the Spanish family bible .
The Story of the Moth, made the profoundest impression on Rizal; thinking that the moth “died a martyr
to its illusions”. At the age of five, Rizal began to make sketches with pencil and to mould in clay and wax objects.
Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children), Rizal’s first poem in native language at the age of eight. It
reveals Rizal’s earliest nationalist sentiment . At the age of eight, Rizal wrote the first dramatic work which was a
Tagalog comedy.
There were important men who had great influence to young Jose. They were:
 Tio Jose Alberto- studied for eleven years in British school in Calcutta, India and had traveled in Europe ,
inspired Rizal to develop artistic ability
 Tio Manuel- a husky and athletic man, encouraged Rizal, who has a frail body, to do physical exercises
 Tio Gregorio- a book lover, intensified Rizal’s voracious reading of good book
 Father Leoncio Lopez- the old and learned parish priest of Calamba, fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and
intellectual honesty
Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

 Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda, who was a remarkable woman of good character and fine culture was
Rizal’s first teacher.
Other important teachers of Rizal are:
 Maestro Celestino- Rizal’s first private tutor
 Maestro Lucas Padua- Rizal’s second tutor
 Leon Monroy- a former classmate of Rizal’s father became Rizal’s tutor that instructed Jose in Spanish and
Latin.
Rizal in Biñan
On Sunday afternoon in June, 1869, Rizal left Calamba for Biñ an accompanied by Paciano. It was Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz who was Rizal’s teacher in a private school in Biñ an. Rizal described Maestro Justiniano as
thin, long-necked, with a sharp nose and a body slightly bent forward . Rizal was challenged into a fight Pedro,
Maestro Justiniano’s son while Andres Salandanan challenged Rizal to an arm-wrestling match. Juancho, an old
painter who was the father-in-law of the school teacher; freely give Rizal lessons in drawing and painting. Together
with Jose Guevara Rizal’s classmate who also loved painting, they became apprentices of the old painter. Jose got
the honor to become “the favorite painters of the class”- because of artistic talent.
On Christmas in 1870-Rizal received a letter from Saturnina, informing the arrival of the steamer Talim
which would take Jose Rizal from Biñ an to Calamba. On Saturday afternoon, December 17, 1870- Rizal left Biñ an
after one year and a half of schooling. Arturo Camps, a Frenchman and a friend of Rizal’s father, took care of young
Jose Rizal on board.
Jose heard the four o’ clock mass then at ten o’ clock went home at once and went at school at two and
came out at five. The day was unusual when Rizal was not laid out on a bench and given five or six blows because of
fighting.
Tragedies of Rizal’s Young Life: Execution of GomBurZa and Injustice to Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda
Execution of GomBurZa
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Night of January 20, 1872- about 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the
leadership of Lamadrid, Filipino sergeant, rose in violent mutiny because of the abolition of their usual privileges .
Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora- were executed at sunrise of February 17, 1872, by order
of Governor General Izquierdo.
The martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za in 1872 truly inspired Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny and redeem
the oppressed fellow Filipino. Rizal dedicated El Filibusterismo, to Gom-Bur-Za.
Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

Before June, 1872, Doñ a Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that together with the
brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s perfidious wife . Antonio Vivencio del Rosario, Calamba’s
gobernadorcillo, help arrest Doñ a Teodora. After the arrest, Doñ a Teodora was forced to walk from Calamba to
Santa Cruz (capital of Laguna province), a distance of 50 kilometers by the sadistic Spanish lieutenant . Pepe young
Jose Rizal was only 11 years old while Dona Teodora was 45 years old. Doñ a Teodora was incarcerated at the
provincial prison, languishing for two years and a half . Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan, were
the most famous lawyers of Manila that defend Doñ a Teodora.
Rizal’s Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad
 Rizal’s Education at Ateneo de Municipal and at University of Santo Tomas

Jose Rizal accompanied by the elder brother Paciano went to Manila to be enrolled to Ateneo Municipal, a
College under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits. It is formerly known as Escuela Pia or Charity School for poor
boys in Manila which was established by the city government in 1817. Father Magin Ferrando, the College
registrar, refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for two reasons: (1) being late for registration (2) being sickly and
undersized. With the help of Manuel Xerez Burgos, nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly admitted at the
Ateneo. Jose was the first in their family to adopt the surname “Rizal”.The reason for being registered under this
name at Ateneo because their family name “Mercado” had come under the suspicion of the Spanish authorities.
Rizal was first boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on Caraballo Street. This was owned by a spinster
named Titay who owed the Rizal family the amount of 300 pesos.
Rizal in Ateneo
There are two known characteristics of Jesuit system of education, 1.) it
trained the character of the student by rigid discipline and religious instructions;
2.) Students were divided into two groups:
• Roman Empire- consisting of internos (boarders); red banner
• Carthaginian Empire- composed of the externos (non-boarders); blue banner
• Emperor- the best student in each “empire”
• Tribune- the second best
• Decurion- the third best
First photograph of Jose Rizal
in his Ateneo de Manila uniform
• Centurion-the fourth best
Retrieved from www. Pinterest.coom • Stand-bearer- the fifth best
• The Ateneo students in Rizal’s time wore a uniform which consisted of “hemp-
fabric trousers” and “striped cotton coat” The coat material was called rayadillo
First year in Ateneo (1872-1873). During the first year in Ateneo, Rizal had a profound impression to the
professor, Father Jose Bech; described by Rizal as a “tall thin man, with a body slightly bent forward, a harried
walk, an ascetic face, severe and inspired, small deep-sunken eyes, a sharp nose that was almost Greek, and thin
lips forming an arc whose ends fell toward the chin. Rizal was awarded with A Religious picture as first prize
winner for being the brightest pupil in the whole class. To improve the speaking of Spanish, Rizal took private
lessons in Santa Isabel College during the noon recesses; paying three pesos for those extra Spanish lessons. At the
end of the school year in March, 1873, Rizal returned to Calamba for summer vacation. When the summer vacation
ended, Rizal returned to Manila for the second year term in Ateneo. This time Rizal boarded inside Intramuros at
No. 6 Magallanes Street with a landlady was an old widow named Doñ a Pepay.
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Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874). At the end of the school year, Rizal received excellent grades in all
subjects and a gold medal. Here are the favorite books of Rizal:The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas- the
first favorite novel which made a deep impression to Rizal. Universal History by Cesar Cantu Rizal persuaded Don
Francisco Mercado to buy this set of historical work that was a great aid in Rizal’s studies. Dr. Feodor Jagor, a
German scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines in 1859-1860 wrote Travels in the Philippines . Rizal was
impressed in this book because of (1) Jagor’s keen observations of the defects of Spanish colonization (2) Jagor’s
prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that America would come to succeed it as colonizer.
Third Year in Ateneo (1874-1875). Rizal’s grades remained excellent in all subjects but won only one
medal—in Latin. At the end of the school year (March 1875), Rizal returned to Calamba for the summer vacation.
With regards to academic performance, Rizal was not satisfied.
Fourth Year in Ateneo. On June 16, 1875, Rizal became an interno in the Ateneo. Padre Francisco de Paula
Sanchez- a great educator and scholar, inspired Rizal to study harder and to write poetry. Rizal described this
Jesuit professor as “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of the pupils”. Rizal topped in
all subjects and won five medals at the end of the school term.
Last Year in Ateneo (1876-1877). Rizal’s studies continued to fare well. As a matter-of-fact, Rizal excelled
in all subjects. The most brilliant Atenean of that time, Rizal was truly “the pride of the Jesuits”. On March 23, 1877,
the Commencement Day, Rizal, who was 16 years old, received, from Ateneo Municipal, the degree of Bachelor of
Arts, with highest honors.
Rizal was also busy with extra-curricular activities. Rizal was an active member and later became the
secretary of Marian Congregation, a religious society. Rizal cultivated literary talent under the guidance of Father
Sanchez while Father Jose Villaclara- advised Rizal to stop communing with muse and pay more attention to more
practical studies. Rizal studied painting under the famous Spanish painter, Agustin Saez, and sculpture under
Romualdo de Jesus, noted Filipino sculptor. Rizal carved an image of the Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling
(Philippine hardwood) with a pocket knife.
Rizal in UST
Jose Rizal decided to enroll again to a university after finishing the first year of a course in Philosophy and
Letters (1877-1878). Doñ a Teodora vigorously opposed the idea that Rizal pursue higher learning in the university
saying “Don’t send Jose, who already knows enough, to Manila again. Knowing more, will tend to make the
Spaniards cut off Jose’s head.” Despite of this on the 6th of April 1877, Rizal who was then nearly 16 years old,
matriculated in the University of Santo Tomas, taking the course on Philosophy and Letters because Don Francisco
Mercado like it and of being uncertain as to what career to pursue . Father Pablo Ramon, Rector of Ateneo, who had
been good to Rizal as a student in that College before, whom Rizal would like to ask for advice on the choice of a
career was unfortunately in Mindanao. It was during the following term (1878-1879) that Rizal, having received
the Ateneo Rector’s advice to study medicine.
During Rizal’s first school term in the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1878), Rizal also studied in Ateneo
taking vocational course leading to the title of perito agrimensor (expert surveyor). Rizal excelled in all subjects in
the surveying course in Ateneo, obtaining gold medals in agriculture and topography. November 25, 1881- the title
was issued to Rizal for passing the final examination in the surveying course.
Liceo Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literary Lyceum) of Manila, a society of literary artists, held a literary
contest in the year 1879. Rizal, who was then 18 years old, submitted a poem A La Juventud Filipina (To the
Filipino Youth). It is an inspiring poem of flawless form. Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from lethargy, to
let genius fly swifter than the wind and descend with art and science to break the chains that have long bound the
spirit of the people.
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Jose Rizal had produced many literary works including El Consejo de los Dioses (The Councils of the Gods)-
an allegorical drama which Rizal entered in the literary contest of Artistic-Literary Lyceum in 1880 to
commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of Cervantes, it was a literary masterpiece based on the Greek
classics.
Rizal’s Life Abroad
After finishing the 4th year of the medical course in the University of Santo Tomas, Rizal decided to finish
studying in Spain; also, for a “secret mission”—which was to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and
customs, industries and commerce, and government and laws of the European nations in order to prepare in the
mighty task of liberating the oppressed fellow Filipinos from Spanish tyranny . This secret mission was likewise
disclosed by Paciano, in the letter to younger brother Rizal, dated May 20, 1892.
On 3 May 1882, Rizal left Philippines for the first time to Spain. Rizal boarded the Salvadora using a
passport of Jose Mercado, which was procured uncle Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor Rivera. Rizal was
accompanied to the quay where the Salvadora was moored by Antonio Rivera, Vicente Gella, and Mateo
Evangelista.
The life of Jose Rizal abroad was not that easy at all. There was even a time to skip a meal because there
has no money to spare. Nevertheless, the great European countries of Spain, France, Germany, England, Belgium,
and Italy had given great impressions to Rizal who had fun and learned a lot from the people who were scholars
and experts in the likes of Dr. Feodor Jagor, who was a famous writer,and Dr. Louis de Weckert (1852-1906), a
leading French ophthalmologist whom Rizal has worked with as an assistant from November 1885 to February
1886. During the travels, Rizal was also able to worked on the two novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
which can not be freely written in the Philippines during that time.
Jose Rizal had delivered a speech entitled ‘Brindis’ as a toast to the triumph of Juan Luna’s Spolarium and Felix
Hidalgo’s Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al populacho in their work of arts whose works illuminates two ends
of the globe: East and West (Spain and the Philippines). It’s about the acknowledgement and thanking them for the
pride and glory they gave to the Filipinos. But most of all, Rizal gives praise to those youth’s actions that can make a
difference and contribute to the glory of the Philippines.
Jose Rizal's Brindis Speech: A Toast Honoring Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo
The following is the English translation of the full text of Rizal's Brindis or toast speech delivered at a banquet in the
Restaurant Inglés, Madrid, on the evening of June 25, 1884 in honor of Juan Luna, winner of the gold medal for his painting, “El
Spoliarium,” and Felix Resurrección Hidalgo, winner of a silver medal, for his painting “Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al
Populacho” at a Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes de Madrid.
In rising to speak I have no fear that you will listen to me with superciliousness, for you have come here to add to ours your
enthusiasm, the stimulus of youth, and you cannot but be indulgent. Sympathetic currents pervade the air, bonds of fellowship
radiate in all directions, generous souls listen, and so I do not fear for my humble personality, nor do I doubt your kindness.
Sincere men yourselves, you seek only sincerity, and from that height, where noble sentiments prevail, you give no heed to
sordid trifles. You survey the whole field, you weigh the cause and extend your hand to whomsoever like myself, desires to
unite with you in a single thought, in a sole aspiration: the glorification of genius, the grandeur of the fatherland!
Such is, indeed, the reason for this gathering. In the history of humankind there are names which in themselves signify an
achievement-which call up reverence and greatness; names which, like magic formulas, invoke agreeable and pleasant ideas;
names which come to form a compact, a token of peace, a bond of love among the nations. To such belong the names of Luna
and Hidalgo: their splendor illuminates two extremes of the globe-the Orient and the Occident, Spain and the Philippines. As I
utter them, I seem to see two luminous arches that rise from either region to blend there on high, impelled by the sympathy of
a common origin, and from that height to unite two peoples with eternal bonds; two peoples whom the seas and space vainly
separate; two peoples among whom do not germinate the seeds of disunion blindly sown by men and their despotism. Luna
and Hidalgo are the pride of Spain as of the Philippines-though born in the Philippines, they might have been born in Spain, for
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genius has no country; genius bursts forth everywhere; genius is like light and air, the patrimony of all: cosmopolitan as space,
as life and God.
The Philippines' patriarchal era is passing, the illustrious deeds of its sons are not circumscribed by the home; the
oriental chrysalis is quitting its cocoon; the dawn of a broader day is heralded for those regions in brilliant tints and rosy
dawn-hues; and that race, lethargic during the night of history while the sun was illuminating other continents, begins to wake,
urged by the electric' shock produced by contact with the occidental peoples, and begs for light, life, and the civilization that
once might have been its heritage, thus conforming to the eternal laws of constant evolution, of transformation, of recurring
phenomena, of progress.
This you know well and you glorify in it. To you is due the beauty of the gems that circle the Philippines' crown; it
supplied the stones, Europe the polish. We all contemplate proudly: you, your work; we the inspiration, the encouragement,
the materials furnished.
They imbibed there the poetry of nature-nature grand and terrible in its cataclysms, in its transformations, in its conflict
of forces; nature sweet, peaceful and melancholy in its constant manifestation-unchanging; nature that stamps its seal upon
whatsoever it creates or produces. Its sons carry it wherever they go. Analyze, if not its characteristics, then its works; and
little as you may know that people, you will see it in everything moulding its knowledge, as the soul that everywhere presides,
as the spring of the mechanism, as the substantial form, as the raw material. It is impossible not to show what one feels; it is
impossible to be one thing and to do another. Contradictions are apparent only; they are merely paradoxes. In El Spoliarium -
on that canvas which is not mute-is heard the tumult of the throng, the cry of slaves, the metallic rattle of the armor on the
corpses, the sobs of orphans, the hum of prayers, with as much force and realism as is heard the crash of the thunder amid the
roar of the cataracts, or the fearful and frightful rumble of the earthquake. The same nature that conceives such phenomena
has also a share in those lines.
While in Europe Rizal had witness various historical events. One of this is the Igorot Human Exhibition. José
Rizal was touring Europe in 1887 when Spain still ruled the Philippines. Rizal was infuriated about the news that a
group of Igorots was brought to Madrid for the Exposición de las Islas Filipinas, held in the city’s Zoological Garden.
Rizal was outraged. In the letter exchange with Ferdinand Blumentritt, Rizal expressed great concern:
“I have worked hard against this degradation of my

fellow Filipinos that they should not be exhibited
among the animals and plants! But I was helpless. One
woman has just died of pneumonia … and the
newspaper El Resumen has made a smutty wisecrack
about it! And La Correspondencia de Españ a even says
‘The Filipino colony in Madrid is enjoying the most
perfect health; up to the present, no more than two or
three have fallen ill of colds and bronchitis.’ I need
hardly comment on this.
“I would rather that they all got sick and died so they
would suffer no more. Let the Philippines forget that
its sons have been treated like this — to be exhibited
and ridiculed.”
Retrieved from https://rdpangbagongfilipino.woress.com
Another
event that
Rizal had witnessed was the students demonstrations in defense to Professor Morayta. On November 20, 21, and
22, 1884, the serene city of Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students of the Central University . These
student demonstrations were caused by the address of Dr. Miguel Morayta, professor of history, at the opening
ceremonies of the academic year on November 20, in which Morayta proclaimed “the freedom of science and the
teacher”. The Rector, who also took the side of the students, was forced to resign and was replaced by Doctor
Creus, “a very unpopular man, disliked by everybody”. Jose Rizal on November 26, 1884 wrote the recounting
tumultuous riots to the family.
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MODULE 3
Rizal’s Life: Exile, Trial, and Death
Rizal’s Exile, Trial and Death
Rizal firmly believed that the fight for Filipino liberties had assumed a new phase: it must be fought in the
Philippines not in Spain. “The battlefield is in the Philippines,” he told countrymen in Europe, “There is where we
should meet… There we will help one another, there together we will suffer or triumph perhaps.”
On May, 1892, Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila. This decision was spurred by the following:
(1) to confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project;
(2) to establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila; and
(3) to prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he (Rizal),
being comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause.
 Lete’s attack, which was printed in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1892, portrayed Rizal as cowardly, egoistic,
opportunistic—a patriot in words only .
June 20, 1892, Rizal wrote two letters which he sealed, inscribed on each envelope “to be opened after my
death” and gave them to his friend Dr. Marques for safekeeping. The first letter, addressed TO MY PARENTS,
BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS. The second letter, addressed TO THE FILIPINOS. June 21, 1892- Rizal penned another
letter in Hong Kong for Governor Despujol, incidentally his third letter to that discourteous Spanish chief executive.
Immediately after Rizal’s departure from Hong Kong, the Spanish consul general who issued the
government guarantee of safety, sent a cablegram to Governor Despujol that the victim “is in the trap”. On the
same day (June 21, 1892), a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his followers “for anti-religious and
anti-patriotic agitation”.
 Luis de la Torre was the secretary of Despujol, ordered to find out if Rizal was naturalized as a German
citizen
BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT

Rizal planned to move the landless Filipino families to North Borneo (Sabah), rich British-
owned island and carve out of its virgin wildness a “New Calamba”. On March 7, 1892, Rizal went to
Sandakan on board the ship Menon to negotiate with the British authorities for the establishment of a
Filipino colony. Rizal looked over the land up the Bengkoka River in Maradu Bay which was offered
by the British North Borneo Company.
Hidalgo, Rizal’s brother-in-law, objected to the colonization project.
On December 23, 1891, first letter of Rizal to Governor Despujol while on March 21, 1892,
Rizal’s second letter and gave it to a ship captain to be sure it would reach Governor
Despujol’s hand, in this second letter, he requested the governor general to permit the landless Filipinos
to establish themselves in Borneo. Despujol could not approve the Filipino immigration to Borneo,
alleging that “the Philippines lacked laborers” and “it was not very patriotic to go off and cultivate
foreign soil.”
On June 26, 1892, Sunday at 12:00 noon, Rizal and his widowed sister Lucia (wife of late Mariano Herbosa)
arrived in Manila. He founded La Liga Filipina. He also went to Malacaǹ ang to seek audience with the Governor -
General Eulogio Despujol.
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On July 6, 1892, Wednesday, Rizal went to Malacañ ang Palace to resume his series of interviews with
governor general. The evidence Pobres Frailles (Poor Friars), incriminatory leaflets which allegedly found in
Lucia’s pillow cases; it is under the authorship of Fr. Jacinto and printed by the Imprenta de
los Amigos del Pais, Manila.
Rizal was placed under arrest and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol,
nephew and aide of Governor General Despujol. On July 7, 1892- the Gaceta de Manila
published the story of Rizal’s arrest which produced indignant commotion among the Filipino
people, particlarly the members of the newly organized Liga Filipina.
On July 7, 1892, the Gaceta de Manila published the story of Rizal’s arrest which
produced indignant commotion among the Filipino people, particlarly the members of the
newly organized Liga Filipina. It also published Governor General Despujol’s decree deporting
Rizal to “one of the islands in the South”.
General Eulogio Despujol
On July 14, 1892, shortly after midnight (that is 12:30 am of July 15, 1892) , Rizal was
brought under heavy guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for Dapitan. This steamer under Captain
Delgras departed at 1:00 AM, July 15, sailing south, passing Mindoro and Panay and reaching Dapitan on Sunday,
the 17th of July at 7:00 in the evening. Captain Ricardo Carnicero- Spanish commandant of Dapitan whom Captain
Delgras handed Rizal. In July 17, 1892- July 31, 1896- Rizal began his exile in lonely Dapitan, a period of four years.
Exile in Dapitan
Rizal lived in exile far-away Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao which was under the missionary
jurisdiction of the Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896. Rizal practiced medicine, pursued scientific studies, continued his
artistic and literary works, widened his knowledge of languages, established a school for boys, promoted
developments projects, invented a wooden machine for making bricks, and engaged in farming and commerce .
Rizal lived in the house of the commandant, Captain Carnicero.
The mail boat Butuan brought the happy tidings that the Lottery Ticket no. 9736 jointly owned by Captain
Carcinero, Dr. Jose Rizal, and Francisco Equilior (Spanish resident of Dipolog, a neighboring town of Dapitan) won
the second prize of P20,000 in the government-owned Manila Lottery. Rizal’s winning in the Manila Lottery reveals
an aspect of his lighter side. He never drank hard liquor and never smoked but he was a lottery addict—this was
his only vice. During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal had a long and scholarly debate with Father Pastells on religion. In
all his letters to Father Pastells, Rizal revealed his anti-Catholic ideas which he had acquired in Europe and
embitterment at his persecution by the bad friars.According to Rizal, individual judgment is a gift from God and
everybody should use it like a lantern to show the way and that self-esteem, if moderated by judgment, saves man
from unworthy acts.
Pablo Mercado, friar’s spy and posing as a relative, secretly visited Rizal at his house on the night of
November 3, 1891. He introduced himself as a friend and relative, showing a photo of Rizal and a pair of buttons
with the initials “P.M.” (Pablo Mercado) as evidence of his kinship with the Rizal family. He was actually Florencio
Namanan. He was hired by the Recollect friars to a secret mission in Dapitan—to introduce himself to Rizal as a
friend and relative, to spy on Rizal’s activities, and to filch certain letters and writings of Rizal which might
incriminate him in the revolutionary movement.
As physician in Dapitan, he had many patients, but most of them were poor so that he even gave them free
medicine. Rizal became interested in local medicine and in the use of medicinal plants. He studied the medicinal
plants of the Philippines and their curative values. On August 1893- Rizal’s mother and sister, Maria, arrived in
Dapitan and lived with him for one year and a half. Rizal operated on his mother’s right eye.
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When Rizal arrived in Dapitan, he decided to improve it, to the best of his
God-given talents and to awaken the civic consciousness of its people. Some of his
efforts were focus on:
(1) Constructing the town’s first water system;
(2) Draining the marshes in order to get rid of malaria that infested
Dapitan;
(3) Equip the town with its lighting system—this lighting system
consisted of coconut oil lamps placed in the dark streets of Dapitan; and
(4) Beautification of Dapitan—remodeled the town plaza in order to
enhance its beauty.
Dam created by Jose Rizal when he was in Dapitan.

Photo retrieved from https://xiaochua.net/2013/07/23/xiao-time
 Rizal as Teacher. Rizal’s exile to Dapitan gives him the opportunity to put into practice his educational
ideas. In 1893 he established a school which existed until the end of his exile in July, 1896. Rizal taught his
boys reading, writing, languages (Spanish and English), geography, history, mathematics (arithmetic and
geometry), industrial work, nature study, morals and gymnastics. He trained them how to collect
specimens of plants and animals, to love work and to “behave like men”
 Hymn to Talisay (Himno A Talisay)- Rizal wrote this poem in honor of Talisay for his pupils to sing
 Contributions to Science. During his four-year exile in Dapitan, Rizal built up a rich collection of
concology which consisted of 346 shells representing 203 species. Rizal also conducted anthropological,
ethnographical, archaeological, geological, and geographical studies, as revealed by his voluminous
correspondence with his scientists friends in Europe.
 Linguistic Studies. In Dapitan, he learned the Bisayan, Subanum, and Malay languages. He wrote Tagalog
grammar, made a comparative study of the Bisayan and Malayan languages and studied Bisayan (Cebuan),
and Subanum languages
 By this time, Rizal could rank with the world’s great linguists. He knew 22 languages—Tagalog,
Ilokano, Bisayan, Subanun, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malay, Hebrew,
Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Swedish, and Russian
 Artistic works in Dapitan—Rizal continued his artistic pursuits in Dapitan. Rizal made sketches of persons
and things that attracted him in Dapitan.
 The Mother’s Revenge- a statuette made by Rizal representing the mother-dog killing the crocodile,
by way of avenging her lost puppy
 Other sculptural works of Rizal in Dapitan were a bust of Father Guerrico (one of his Ateneo
professors)
 a statue of a girl called “the Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine Bracken (his wife) and a bust of
St. Paul which he gave to Father Pastells
 Rizal as Farmer. In Dapitan, Rizal devoted much of his time to agriculture. Rizal introduced modern
methods of agriculture which he had observed in Europe and America. He encouraged the Dapitan
farmers to discard their primitive system of tillage and adopt the modern agricultural methods
 Rizal as Businessman. Rizal engaged in business in partnership with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan
merchant, he made profitable business ventures in fishing, copra, and hemp industries. January 19, 1893-
Rizal wrote a letter to Hidalgo expressing his plan to improve the fishing industry of Dapitan. The most
profitable business venture of Rizal in Dapitan was in the hemp industry. May 14, 1893-Rizal formed a
Module 1A 18
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business partnership with Ramon Carreon in lime manufacturing. On January 1, 1895-Rizal organized the
Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to break the Chinese monopoly on business in Dapitan.
 Rizal’s Inventive Ability. Rizal invented a cigarette lighter which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt. He
called it “sulpukan”. This unique cigarette lighter was made of wood. “Its mechanism”, said Rizal “is based
on the principle of compressed air.” During his exile in Dapitan, he invited a wooden machine for making
bricks.
 My Retreat (Mi Retiro). Rizal wrote this beautiful poem about his serene life as an exile in Dapitan and
sent it to her mother on October 22, 1895, which acclaimed by literary critics as one of the best ever
penned by Rizal.
Rizal and the Katipunan. While also being exiled, he was consulted by the Katipunan’s plan of revolution.
On May 2, 1896, a secret meeting of the Katipunan at a little river called Bitukang Manok near the town of Pasig, Dr.
Pio Valenzuela was named emissary to Dapitan, in order to inform Rizal of the plan of the Katipunan to launch a
revolution for freedom’s sake. June 15, 1896, Valenzuela left Manila on board the steamer Venus. To camouflage
Valenzuela’s real mission, he brought with him a blind man Raymundo Mata and a guide, ostensibly going to
Dapitan to solicit Rizal’s expert medical advice and on the evening of June 21, 1896 , Dr. Pio Valenzuela arrived in
Dapita. Rizal objected to Bonifacio’s audacious project to plunge the country in bloody revolution because he was
of sincere belief that it was premature, for two reasons: (1) the people are not ready for a revolution (2) arms and
funds must first be collected before raising the cry of revolution.
Rizal had offered his services as military doctor in Cuba, which was then in the throes of a revolution and a
ranging yellow fever epidemic. There was a shortage of physicians to minister to the needs of the Spanish troops
and the Cubans people. On December 17, 1895, Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon Blanco, Despujol’s
successor, offering his services as military doctor in Cuba. On July 30, 1896, Rizal received the letter from Governor
General Blanco dated July 1, 1896 notifying him of acceptance of his offer.
 “The Song of the Traveler” (El Canto del Viajero) -Rizal wrote this heart-warming poem because of his joy
in receiving the gladsome news from Malacañ ang
 July 31, 1896- Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end. Midnight of that date, Rizal embarked on
board the steamer Españ a
 As farewell music, the town brass band strangely played the dolorous Funeral March of Chopin. Rizal must
have felt it deeply, for with his presentment of death, it seemed an obsequy or a regimen
 Rizal wrote in his diary, “I have been in that district four years, thirteen days and a few hours”
Last Trip of Rizal Leading to His Arrest
No longer an exile, Rizal had a pleasant trip from Dapitan to Manila, with delightful stopovers in
Dumaguete, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz, and Romblon.
 Isla de Luzon-a regular steamer that Rizal missed which sailed to Spain the day before he arrived in
Manila Bay
 Castilla- a Spanish cruiser wherein Rizal was kept as a “guest” on board
 August 26, 1896- Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan raised the cry of revolution in the hills of
Balintawak, a few miles north of Manila
 September 3, 1896- Rizal left for Spain on the steamer Isla de Panay
 July 31, 1896- Rizal left Dapitan at midnight on board the Españ a sailed northward
 On August 1, 1896 at dawn of Saturday, it anchored at Dumaguete, capital of Negros Oriental.
 “Dumaguete” wrote Rizal in his travel diary “spreads out on the beach. There are big houses, some with
galvanized iron roofing. Outstanding are the house of a lady, whose name I have forgotten, which is
occupied by the government and another one just begun with many ipil post
 The Españ a left Dumaguete about 1:00pm and reached Cebu the following morning
Module 1A 19
RIZAL
 “In Cebu, Rizal wrote in his diary “I did two operations of strabotomy, one operation on the ears and
another of tumor.”
 In the morning of Monday, August 3, 1896, Rizal left Cebu going to Iloilo. Rizal landed at Iloilo, went
shopping in the city and visited Molo. From Iloilo, Rizal’s ship sailed to Capiz. After a brief stopover, it
proceeded towards Manila via Romblon
 August 6, 1896- morning of Thursday, the Españ a arrived in Manila Bay
Rizal was not able to catch the mail ship Isla de Luzon for Spain because it had departed the previous day at
5:00pm. Near midnight of the same day, August 6, Rizal was transferred to the Spanish cruiser Castilla, by order of
Governor General Ramon Blanco. He was given good accommodation by the gallant captain, Enrique Santalo
 August 6 to September 2, 1896, Rizal stayed on the cruiser pending the availability of Spain-bound
steamer
 August 19, 1896- the Katipunan plot to overthrow Spanish rule by means of revolution was discovered by
Fray Mariano Gil, Augustinian cura of Tondo
 August 26, 1896- the “Cry of Balintawak” which raised by Bonifacio and his valiant Katipuneros
The revolution broke out and Rizal was arrested while en route to Spain, imprisoned in Barcelona and sent
back later to Manila to stand trial. He was charged with being a traitor to Spain and the mastermind of the
revolution. Though before he left from his exile in Dapitan for Manila and then for Spain, Rizal had issued a
manifesto disavowing the revolution and declaring that the education of Filipinos and their achievement of a
national identity were prerequisites to freedom.
Rizal learned of the eruption of the revolution and raging battles around Manila through the newspapers he
read on the Castilla. He was worried for two reasons: (1) the violent revolution which he sincerely believed to be
premature and would only cause much suffering and terrible loss of human lives and property had started (2) it would
arouse Spanish vengeance against all Filipino patriots.
Important Events Leading to Rizal’s Arrest
 August 30, 1896- Rizal received from Governor General Blanco two letters of introduction for the Minister
of War and Minister of Colonies, which a covering letter which absolved him from all blame for the raging
revolution
 September 2, 1896- the day before Rizal departure for Spain, Rizal, on board the Castilla, wrote to his
mother
 At 6:00pm, Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay which was sailing for Barcelona, Spain. The
next morning, September 3, this steamer left Manila Bay.
 The Isla de Panay arrived at Singapore in the evening of September 7. Don Pedro Roxas, rich Manila
creole industrialist and Rizal’s friend that advised him to stay on Singapore and take advantage of the
protection of the British law. Don Manuel Camus- headed several Filipino residents in Singapore, boarded
the steamer, urging Rizal to stay in Singapore to save his life. The Isla de Panay, with Rizal on board, left
Singapore at 1:00pm, September 8
 September 25, 1896- Rizal saw the steamer Isal de Luzon, leaving the Suez Canal, crammed with Spanish
troops
 September 27, 1896- Rizal heard from the passengers that a telegram arrived from Manila reporting the
execution of Francisco Roxas, Genato and Osorio
 September 28, 1986- a day after the steamer had left Port Said (Mediterranean terminus of the Suez
Canal), a passenger told Rizal the bad news that he would be arrested by order of Governor General
Blanco and would be sent to prison in Ceuta (Spanish Morocco), opposite Gibraltar
 September 29, 1896- Rizal wrote in his travel diary: There are people on board who do nothing but
slander me and invent fanciful stories about me. I’m going to become a legendary personage
Module 1A 20
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 September 30, 1896- at 4:00pm, Rizal was officially notofied by Captain Alemany that he should stay in his
cabin until further orders from Manila ; about 6:25pm, the steamer anchored at Malta. Being confined to
his cabin, Rizal was not able to visit the famous island-fortress of the Christian crusaders
 October 3, 1896- at 10:00am, the Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona, with Rizal, a prisoner on board
The trip from Manila to Barcelona lasted exactly 30 days. Rizal was kept under heavy guard in his cabin for
three days. On October 6, 1896, at 3:00am, Rizal was awakened by the guards and escorted to the grim and
infamous prison-fortress named Monjuich. About 2:00 in the afternoon, Rizal was taken out of prison by the guards
and brought to the headquarters of General Despujol
 Colon- a transport ship back to Manila
 Rizal was taken aboard the Colon, which was “full of soldiers and officers and their families.”
 October 6, 1896- at 8:00pm, the ship left Barcelona with Rizal on board
Rizal’s Trial
Rizal’s homecoming in 1896, the last in his life, was his saddest return to his beloved native land. He knew
he was facing the supreme test, which might mean the sacrifice of his life, but he was unafraid. The trial that was
held shortly after Rizal’s homecoming was one of history’s mockeries of justice.
It was on November 20, 1896 when the preliminary investigation on Rizal began
Colonel Francisco Olive was the judge advocate. Two kinds of evidence were presented against Rizal, namely
documentary and testimonial. The documentary evidence consisted of fifteen exhibits, as follows:
1) A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce, dated Madrid, October 16, 1888, showing Rizal’s connection with
the Filipino reform campaign in Spain
2) A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid, August 20, 1890, stating that the deportations are good for they
will encourage the people to hate tyranny
3) A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Arellano, dated Madrid, January 7, 1889, implicating Rizal in the
Propaganda campaign in Spain
4) A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly written by Rizal in Manila on September 12, 1891
5) A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person dated Barcelona, September 18, 1891, describing Rizal as
the man to free the Philippines from Spanish oppression
6) A Masonic document, dated Manila, February 9, 1892, honoring Rizal for his patriotic services
7) A letter signed Dimasalang (Rizal’s pseudonym) to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta’s pseudonym), dated Hong Kong, May
24,1892, stating that he was preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos who may be persecuted by the Spanish
authorities
8) A letter of Dimasalang to an unidentified committee, dated Hong Kong, June 1, 1892, soliciting the aid of the
committee in the “patriotic work”
9) An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of the Hong Kong Telegraph, censuring the banishment of
Rizal to Dapitan
10) A letter of Idefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, September 3, 1892, saying that the Filipino people look up to
him (Rizal) as their savior
11) (A letter of Idefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, September 17, 1893, informing an unidentified
correspondent of the arrest and banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador
12) A letter of Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta), dated Madrid, June 1, 1893 recommending
the establishment of a special organization, independent of Masonry, to help the cause of the Filipino people
13) Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto), in reunion of the Katipunan on July 23, 1893, in which the
following cry was, uttered “Long Live the Philippines! Long live Doctor Rizal! Unity!”
14) Transcript of a speech of Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano Santiago) in the same Katipunan reunion, where in the
katipuneros shouted: “Long live the eminent Doctor Rizal! Death to the oppressor nation!”
15) A poem by Laong Laan (Rizal), entitled A Talisay in which the author makes the Dapitan schoolboys sing that
they know how to fight their rights
Module 1A 21
RIZAL
The testimonial evidence consisted of the oral testimonies of Martin Constantino, Aguedo del Rosario, Jose
Reyes, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco, Deodato Arellano, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw,
Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Antonio Salazar, Francisco Quison, and Timoteo Paez.
 November 26, 1896- after the preliminary investigation, Colonel Olive transmitted the records of the case to
Governor Dominguez as special Judge Advocate to institute the corresponding action against Rizal
 After studying the papers, Judge advocate General, Don Nicolas de la Peñ a, submitted the following
recommendations:(1) the accused be immediately brought to trial (2) he should be kept in prison (3) an
order of attachment be issued against his property to the amount of one million pesos as indemnity (4) he
should be defended in court by an army officer, not by a civilian lawyer
 The only right given to Rizal by the Spanish authorities was to choose his defense counsel
 December 8, 1896- Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, a list of 100 first and second lieutenants in the
Spanish Army was presented to Rizal
 Don Luis Taviel de Andrade- 1st Lieutenant of the Artillery, chosen by Rizal to defend him brother of Lt. Jose
Taviel de Andrade, Rizal’s “bodyguard” in Calamba in 1887
 December 11, 1896- the information of charges was formally read to Rizal in his prison cell, with his counsel
present
 Rizal was accused of being “the principal organizer and the living soul of the Filipino insurrection, the
founder of societies, periodicals, and books dedicated to fomenting and propagating ideas of
rebellion.”
 December 13, 1896- Dominguez forwarded the papers of the Rizal case to Malacañ ang Palace
 December 15, 1896- Rizal wrote the Manifesto to His People in his prison cell at Fort Santiago, appealing to
them to stop the necessary shedding of blood and to achieve their liberties by means of education and industry
 December 25, 1896- a dark and cheerless Christmas for Rizal, his last on earth, was the saddest in Rizal’s life
 December 26, 1896- at 8:00am, the court-martial of Rizal started in the military building called Cuartel de
Españ a
 Lt. Col. Togores Arjona- considered the trial over and ordered the hall cleared. After a short deliberation,
the military court unanimously voted for the sentence of death
 December 28, 1896- Polavieja approved the decision of the court-martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00
in the morning of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta)
Rizal was forced to face the accusations against him, rebellion, sedition and conspiracy in a court
martial. He chose Don Luis Taviel de Andrade, 1 st Lieutenant of the Artillery. On December 26, 1896, at 8:00am, the
court-martial of Rizal started in the military building called Cuartel de Españ a. Lt. Col. Togores Arjona- considered
the trial over. After a short deliberation, the military court unanimously voted for the sentence of death. Two days
after December 28, 1896, Polavieja approved the decision of the court-martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00
in the morning of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta). It was said to be a show trial and the Spaniards had
already planned to send Rizal to his death.
The Death of Rizal
After the court-martial, Rizal returned to his cell in Fort Santiago to prepare his rendezvous with destiny.
During his last 24 hours on earth—from 6:00am December 29 to 6:00am December 30, 1896, he was busy meeting
visitors. Captain Rafael Dominguez, who was designated by Governor General Camilo Polavieja to take charge of all
arrangements for the execution of the condemned prisoner, read the death sentence to Rizal to be s December 15,
1896 shot at the back by a firing squad at 7:00am in Bagumbayan (Luneta).
On December 29, 1896, last day of Rizal, he received several visitors including his mother and sister
Trinidad whom he had given the alcohol cooking stove where he hid his last poem known today as Mi Ultimo
Adios. He also received Father Balaguer who discussed with him about his retraction of the anti-Catholic ideas in
Module 1A 22
RIZAL
his writings and membership in Masonry. The draft of the retraction sent by the anti-Filipino Archbishop
Bernardino Nozaleda (1890-1903). Rizal just needed to affix his signature, but the he rejected it because it was too
long and he did not like it.
On December 30, 1896, at 3:00am, Rizal heard Mass, confessed his sins, and took Holy Communion; at
5:30am, Rizal took his last breakfast on earth. After this, he wrote two letters, the first addressed to his family and
the second to his older brother Paciano. Josephine Bracken, accompanied by a sister of Rizal (Josefa), arrived.
Josephine, with tears in her eyes, bade him farewell. Rizal embraced her for the last time and before she left, Rizal
gave her a last gift—a religious book, Imitation of Christ by Father Thomas a Kempis . At 6:00am, as the soldiers
were getting ready for the death march to Bagumbayan, Rizal wrote his last letter to his beloved parents. About
6:30am, a trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago, a signal to begin the death march to Bagumbayan, the designated
place for the execution. Rizal was dressed elegantly in black suit, black derby hat, black shoes, white shirt and black
tie. His arms were tied behind from elbow to elbow. But the rope was quite loose to give his arms freedom of
movement. Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo- a Spanish military physician, asked Rizal permission to feel his pulse and was
amazed to find it normal showing that Rizal was not afraid to die. At 7:03am, Rizal died in the bloom of manhood—
aged 35 years, five months and 11 days. Upon hearing the command to shoot him, he faced the squad and uttered
in his final breath.Immediately after Rizal’s execution the Spanish spectators shouted “Viva Españ a!” “Muerte a los
Traidores’ (“Long Live Spain! “Death to the Traitors!”) and the Spanish Military Band, joining the jubilance over
Rizal’s death, played the gay Marcha de Cadiz.
Mi Ultimo Adios (Last Farewell) is the farewell poem of Rizal that originally was without title and was
unsigned. It was Father Mariano Dacanay, a Filipino priest-patriot, who gave the title Ultimo Adios (Last Farewell)
and under such title the poem was published for the first time in La Independencia (General Antonio Luna’s
newspaper) on September 25, 1898.
Execution of Dr. Jose Rizal at Bagumbayan, a reproduction of an original photo taken during
the execution of Dr. Jose Rizal. Retrieved from https://kahimyang.com/kauswaan/articles
Module 1A 23

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RIZAL

How RA 1425 is born

April 19, 1956 House Bill No. 5561, an identical version of SB

Module 2 Prepared by: Analie S.1Fernando, LPT, MAED

The Debates over SB 438

Some arguments of the anti and pro Rizal Bill.

Points to Remember about RA 1425

Read the full article of Republic Act No. 1425.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425

Module 2 Prepared by: Analie S.3Fernando, LPT, MAED

SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Module 2 Prepared by: Analie S.4Fernando, LPT, MAED

The World in the 19th Century

 Italy and Germany

The Industrial Revolution and Scientific Revolution

The Philippines during Rizal’s Time

Module 2 Prepared by: Analie S.7Fernando, LPT, MAED

Family, Childhood and Early Education

Module 2 Prepared by: Analie S.8Fernando, LPT, MAED

 Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)

 Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)

The Rizal Children

1. Saturnina (1850-1913)  with a nickname Biang

 nicknamed Neneng 7. Jose (1861-1896)

Batangas  nickname was Pepe

2. Paciano (1851-1930)  lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from

 older brother and confident of Jose Rizal Hong Kong

 became a combat general in the  died of sickness at the age of 3

Philippine Revolution  her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life

 died on April 13, 1930, as an old 9. Josefa (1865-1945)

(Severina sDecena)—a boy and a girl 10. Trinidad (1868-1951)

 married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of 11. Soledad (1870-1929)

of Morong  with a pet name Choleng

4. Olimpia (1855-1887)  married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba

 with a pet name Ypia

 married to Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph

operator from Manila

who was a nephew of Father Casanas

Christian burial because of being a brother- in-

The Last Name ‘Rizal’

The Rizal Home

The house of Jose Rizal’s family was one of the distinguished

The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town aristocracy

Childhood Years in Calamba

Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

Rizal’s Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad

 Rizal’s Education at Ateneo de Municipal and at University of Santo Tomas

Rizal’s Life Abroad

“I have worked hard against this degradation of my

Rizal’s Exile, Trial and Death

BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT

Dam created by Jose Rizal when he was in Dapitan.

Last Trip of Rizal Leading to His Arrest

Important Events Leading to Rizal’s Arrest

The Death of Rizal

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