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SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
JUNE 2022
LIFE SCIENCES
MARKS: 150
TIME: 2½ hours
4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
10. You may use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass where
necessary.
SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.11 D.
1.1.2 Which ONE of the following involves the development of the young
inside the uterus of the mother and where it receives nutrients
through the placenta?
A Ovipary
B Vivipary
C Ovovivipary
D Amniotic egg
A Epididymis
B Vas deferens
C Urinary bladder
D Prostate gland
A Cerebrum
B Cerebellum
C Hypothalamus
D Medulla oblongata
A LH and oestrogen.
B only FSH.
C only progesterone.
D FSH and progesterone.
A B
O A AB
1.1.8 The table below shows the percentages of bases in DNA samples
from various organisms.
Which ROW of the table below correctly reflects the missing data
values?
W X Y Z
A 9 24 38 30
B 10 26 39 31
C 10 26 39 30
D 10 25 38 29
1.1.9 The diagram shows a family in which some members suffer from a
disease caused by a recessive allele.
1 2
A 5 and 7
B 3 and 6
C 2 and 3
D 1 and 4
1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write
only the term next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.8) in the ANSWER
BOOK.
1.2.1 The type of fertilisation where the eggs are fertilised inside the body
of the animal
1.2.2 A blood vessel in the umbilical cord that transports nutrients to the
foetus
1.2.3 Organelle outside the nucleus of animal cells that contain DNA
1.2.4 The part of the ear that directs sound waves into the external auditory
canal
COLUMN I COLUMN II
1.3.1 Discovered the structure of the DNA A: Watson and Crick
molecule B: White and Dart
1.3.2 Reproductive strategy in birds where A: Precocial
hatchlings are helpless and unable to B: Altricial
move and feed themselves
1.3.3 Type of inheritance where both A: Incomplete dominance
alleles are expressed equally in the B: Complete dominance
phenotype
(3 x 2) (6)
1.4 The diagram below represents the results of a paternity investigation. It was
determined that the three children were siblings (brothers or sisters) and share
the same biological mother. Their mother is Adult B.
1.4.1 Name the technique used to obtain the results shown above. (1)
1.5 In rabbits, fluffy tails (F) are dominant to unfluffy tails (f). Brown fur (B) is
dominant to white fur (b). Two rabbits who are heterozygous for both traits are
crossed.
The Punnet diagram below shows the possible gametes produced by each
parent.
FB Fb fB fb
1.5.2 How many offspring have unfluffy tails and white fur? (1)
1.5.3 Give the genotype of the parent rabbits who were crossed. (1)
1.5.5 Give the proportion of offspring that could have fluffy tails. (2)
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
SECTION B
QUESTION 2
Y Z
T A C A A G C
A G
2.1.1 Identify:
2.1.2 Describe the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself. (6)
2.1.3 The table below shows the mRNA codons and the amino acids they
code for:
Use the table above to write down the correct sequence of amino acids
coded for from left to right, by the DNA strand shown above. (3)
2.1.4 During DNA replication, a mutation occurred in the first DNA triplet from
the DNA molecule given above, changing from TAC to TTC.
E E
a A
B B
D d
2.2.1 Identify:
2.2.4 Explain why these homologous chromosomes are similar but not
identical. (3)
2.3 The diagram shows some of the stages in human reproduction, from ovum
(egg) to foetus.
Foetus
ovum
1 2 3 4 5
(a) 3 (1)
(b) 4 (1)
2.3.3 Where in the body does the process at stage 2 occur? (1)
2.3.4 Describe the process responsible for the formation of the reproductive
cell shown at stage 1. (6)
A man with a white patch of hair and a woman with a white patch of hair have
two children:
- The first child was born without a white patch of hair.
- The second child was born with a white patch of hair
Use a genetic cross to show the possibility of producing the phenotypes of the
children as described above. (6)
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 XX
2.5.5 Describe how this human cell ended up with the number of
chromosomes shown at position 21. (5)
[50]
QUESTION 3
(a) W (1)
(b) X (1)
3.1.4 State the number of chromosomes that each daughter cell will contain
at the end of meiosis. (1)
3.1.5 Give evidence from the diagram which indicates that the resulting
daughter cells will be genetically different. (1)
3.2 The graph below shows the changes in the levels of hormones in the menstrual
cycle of a female.
Key
B X
Y
A Z
Level of
Oestrogen
hormone
0 7 14 21 28
Time (in days)
(a) A (1)
(b) B (1)
(a) X (1)
(b) Z (1)
3.2.4 Explain, the effect of the decrease in the level of hormone Z to the level
shown in the graph above. (5)
(a) Equalises pressure between the outer ear and the middle ear (2)
3.3.3 Explain the significance of the arrangement of the structures labelled A. (3)
3.4 Describe the path of an impulse in a reflex arc during a reflex action. (7)
3.5 Scientists investigated the effect of age on focusing distance of the eye.
3.5.1 Calculate the average distance for the volunteers aged 50 indicated as
X in the table. (3)
3.5.2 (a) Name the process by which the eye is able to bring about a clear
image when the book is moved closer to the eyes of the
individuals. (1)
3.5.3 Use the data from the table to plot a bar graph showing the average
focusing distance of volunteers aged 40, 45 and 55. (6)