NSC Life Sciences Grade 12 May June 2023 P1 and Memo

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GRAAD 12
SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS
LIFE SCIENCES P1
2023
MARKS: 150
TIME: 2½ hours
This question paper consists of 15 pages.
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Life Sciences/P1 2 DBE/2023
SC/NSC
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.
3. Start the answers to EACH question at the top of a NEW page.
4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.
6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink.
7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts only when asked to do so.
8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
9. Do NOT use graph paper.
10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass,

where necessary.
11. Write neatly and legibly.

SC/NSC
SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.11 D.
1.1.1 Diabetes mellitus is caused by an …
A oversecretion of glucagon.
B undersecretion of glucagon.
C oversecretion of insulin.
D undersecretion of insulin.
1.1.2 Receptors that are stimulated by the low water levels in the blood
are located in the …
A renal tubules.
B hypothalamus.
C pituitary gland.
D carotid artery.
1.1.3 The myelin sheath on a nerve cell …
A provides electrical insulation.

B transports impulses towards the cell body.
C receives impulses from the axon.
D converts stimuli into impulses.
1.1.4 The structure where sperms are temporarily stored is the …
A testis.
B epididymis.
C vas deferens.
D penis.
1.1.5 Which ONE of the following is a function of the amniotic fluid?
A Provides nutrition to the foetus

B Protects the foetus against mechanical injury
C Supplies oxygen to the foetus
D Removes the metabolic waste from the foetus

SC/NSC
QUESTIONS 1.1.6 AND 1.1.7 ARE BASED ON THE DIAGRAM OF THE

BRAIN BELOW.
2
1
3
4
1.1.6 Which ONE of the following represents the corpus callosum?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
1.1.7 Which ONE of the following is the function of part 3?
A Controls voluntary movements

B Controls involuntary actions
C Coordinates voluntary movements
D Controls all sensations
1.1.8 The placenta is formed by the …
A amniotic fluid and amnion.

B chorionic villi and endometrium.
C amnion and endometrium.
D amniotic fluid and chorionic villi.
1.1.9 An oversecretion of the hormone produced by the thyroid gland

may result in a person …
A gaining weight, because of an increased metabolic rate.

B gaining weight, because of a decreased metabolic rate.
C losing weight, because of an increased metabolic rate.
D losing weight, because of a decreased metabolic rate.

SC/NSC
1.1.10 The table below shows the average testosterone levels of males of
different age groups.
Group Age Average

(years) testosterone level
(n/M)
I 0–10 less than 5
II 11–15 15
III 16–20 19
Which ONE of the following is an explanation for the difference in

testosterone levels between the age groups?
Testosterone levels are higher in …
A Group I than Group III due to the start of puberty.

B Group II than Group I due to the start of puberty.
C Group III than Group I because it is needed to inhibit the
growth of long bones.
D Group I than Group II because it is needed to inhibit the growth
of long bones. (10 x 2) (20)

SC/NSC
1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the
ANSWER BOOK.
1.2.1 The process of maintaining a constant internal environment in the

human body
1.2.2 The organelles found in large quantities in the neck region of a

sperm cell
1.2.3 The disease characterised by the degeneration of brain tissue,

leading to memory loss
1.2.4 The layer in the eye that is richly supplied with blood vessels
1.2.5 The type of development in birds in which the young is born fully
developed and able to move and feed itself
1.2.6 Groups of cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon
1.2.7 The structure in the sperm that contains enzymes to dissolve the
outer layer of the ovum
1.2.8 A blood vessel that transports carbon dioxide from the foetus to the
placenta (8 x 1) (8)
1.3 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN I apply to A ONLY,

B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only,
B only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3)
in the ANSWER BOOK.
COLUMN I COLUMN II
1.3.1 An extra-embryonic membrane A: Chorion
found in the amniotic egg B: Allantois
1.3.2 A structure in the ear that A: Pinna
absorbs excess pressure waves B: Auditory canal
from the cochlea
1.3.3 A structure that transports A: Scrotum
semen out of the body B: Urethra
(3 x 2) (6)

SC/NSC
1.4 The flow diagram below represents the components of the nervous system.
Nervous System
Central nervous
A
system
Cranial
Brain B C
nerves
Sympathetic
E
nervous system
1.4.1 Identify the component of the nervous system represented by:
(a) A (1)
(b) D (1)
1.4.2 Name the type of nerves found at C. (1)
1.4.3 Give the LETTER and NAME of the component that slows down
the heart rate when an emergency situation has passed. (2)
1.4.4 Name the nerve cells that make up nervous tissue. (1)
1.4.5 State TWO ways in which the brain is protected. (2)

(8)

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1.5 The diagrams below show parts of the middle and inner ear.
C
A
E
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
1.5.1 Identify part F. (1)
1.5.2 Give the collective term for bones B. (1)
1.5.3 Give the LETTER and NAME of the structure that:
(a) Equalises pressure between the outer and middle ear (2)
(b) Creates pressure waves in the inner ear (2)
1.5.4 Name the receptors that are stimulated by a change in the:
(a) Position of the head (1)
(b) Direction and speed of movement of the head (1)

(8)
TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SC/NSC
SECTION B
QUESTION 2
2.1 The diagram below represents the female reproductive system.
D
B
2.1.1 Identify part B. (1)
2.1.2 Name the process that takes place in part A that leads to zygote
formation. (1)
2.1.3 Describe the process named in QUESTION 2.1.2. (1)
2.1.4 Describe the development of the zygote until implantation occurs. (4)
2.1.5 Explain TWO ways in which part D is structurally suited for

gestation. (4)
2.1.6 Describe how the secretion of the prostate gland provides

protection for the sperm from the conditions in part C. (2)
(13)

SC/NSC
2.2 Read the extract below.
PLASTIC LINKED TO FEMALE INFERTILITY
Several studies indicate that bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used in the

production of many household plastic products, may be linked to female
infertility (inability to get pregnant naturally and to deliver a healthy baby).
BPA can be ingested or absorbed through the skin when using plastic
products.
BPA seems to interfere with the normal secretion of FSH by the pituitary
gland and is linked to abnormal menstrual cycles and reduced implantation
rates. These studies also show a link between high BPA levels and a
decrease in the development and maturation of ovarian follicles.
2.2.1 State ONE function of FSH. (1)
2.2.2 Name ONE other hormone in females that is secreted by the

pituitary gland during the menstrual cycle. (1)
2.2.3 Explain how an undersecretion of the hormone in QUESTION 2.2.2

may lead to infertility. (2)
2.2.4 Explain why a decrease in the maturation of ovarian follicles may

lead to reduced implantation rates. (5)
(9)
2.3 Describe the process of spermatogenesis. (4)
2.4 Frogs can survive in water and on land. Most frogs, however, need water for
reproduction. During the breeding season, male and female frogs release
millions of gametes into the water.
2.4.1 Name the type of fertilisation described above. (1)
2.4.2 Explain why millions of gametes are released. (3)
2.4.3 State why the reproduction in frogs is an example of ovipary. (1)

(5)

SC/NSC
2.5 The diagram below shows parts of the skin that are involved in
thermoregulation.
2.5.1 Give TWO reasons why part A is classified as an exocrine gland. (2)
2.5.2 Describe the role of skin receptors in thermoregulation. (2)
2.5.3 Explain why structure B dilates on a hot day. (2)

(6)

SC/NSC
2.6 Workers in some factories are constantly exposed to loud noise for long
periods. This can destroy the hair cells in the organ of Corti and damage the
auditory nerve, resulting in hearing loss.
A survey was conducted in a developing country from 2014 to 2018, to

establish the number of factory workers who suffered from hearing loss.
The results are shown in the table below.
Year Number of factory workers

with hearing loss
2014 85 000
2015 100 000
2016 115 000
2017 120 000
2018 130 000
2.6.1 Name the structure in the ear where the organ of Corti is located. (1)
2.6.2 Calculate the percentage increase in the number of factory workers

with hearing loss between 2014 and 2018. Show ALL workings. (3)
2.6.3 Suggest ONE reason for the increase in the number of factory
workers with hearing loss caused by exposure to loud noise in this
country. (1)
2.6.4 Explain why damage to the auditory nerve may result in hearing
loss. (2)
2.6.5 Draw a bar graph to represent the data in the table. (6)
(13)
[50]

SC/NSC
QUESTION 3
3.1 The graph below shows the concentration of abscisic acid in a cherry tree
during different seasons of the year.
This tree species loses all its leaves in autumn and goes into a state of
dormancy during the winter months.
Abscisic acid concentration in a cherry tree during

different seasons of the year
9
7
Abscisic acid concentration
5
(µg-1DW-1)
0
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov.
Autumn Winter Spring

Season of the year
3.1.1 During which month was the abscisic acid concentration the
lowest? (1)
3.1.2 Explain the trend of the graph from March to May. (3)
3.1.3 Suggest ONE reason for the dormancy in cherry trees during the
winter months. (2)
(6)

SC/NSC
3.2 Geotropism refers to the movement of a part of a plant in response to gravity.

This tropism is controlled by auxins.
3.2.1 Describe the role of auxins in roots. (3)
3.2.2 When a plant is placed horizontally, with light coming from all
directions, the auxins will accumulate on the lower side of both the
stem and the roots.
Explain the difference in the response of the stem and the roots
after a few days. (4)
(7)
3.3 Hyperaldosteronism is a disorder caused by the oversecretion of aldosterone

and has been linked to high blood pressure in humans.
Scientists investigated the influence of increased aldosterone levels on blood

pressure.
The procedure was done as follows:
 1 688 healthy volunteers, aged 55, participated in the investigation.

 The participants' blood pressure was measured and recorded before the
start of the investigation.
 The participants were injected with a dose of aldosterone in the morning
and their blood pressure was measured every hour for 12 hours.
 This procedure was followed over four days for each individual and the
average blood pressure was calculated.
 All participants followed the same diet during the period of the
investigation.
3.3.1 Name the gland that secretes aldosterone. (1)
3.3.2 Identify the:
(a) Independent variable (1)
(b) Dependent variable (1)
3.3.3 Give TWO reasons why the results of the investigation may be
considered reliable. (2)
3.3.4 Explain TWO reasons why it was important for the participants to
follow the same diet during the investigation. (4)
3.3.5 Explain why the participants' blood pressure was measured before
the start of the investigation. (2)
3.3.6 Explain why the levels of salt in the urine of participants is

expected to decrease after being injected with aldosterone. (3)
(14)

SC/NSC
3.4 Describe how the secretion of adrenalin causes increased energy production
in an emergency situation. (8)
3.5 The diagram below represents the human eye.
A
F
B
E
D C
3.5.1 Identify structure F. (1)
3.5.2 State TWO functions of fluid A. (2)
3.5.3 Describe the structural difference between area B and area C. (2)
3.5.4 Name the visual defect that occurs when the curvature of part E is
uneven. (1)
3.5.5 Explain how the sight of a person will be affected if cataracts

developed in part D. (3)
3.5.6 Describe the process of accommodation that takes place when an

object is less than 6 metres away from the eye. (6)
(15)
[50]
TOTAL SECTION B: 100

GRAND TOTAL: 150
Copyright reserved
SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS
LIFE SCIENCES P1
2023
MARKING GUIDELINES
MARKS: 150
These marking guidelines consist of 9 pages.

SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines
PRINCIPLES RELATED TO MARKING LIFE SCIENCES
1. If more information than marks allocated is given

Stop marking when maximum marks is reached and put a wavy line and 'max' in the
right-hand margin.
2. If, for example, three reasons are required and five are given
Mark the first three irrespective of whether all or some are correct/ incorrect.
3. If whole process is given when only a part of it is required

Read all and credit the relevant part.
4. If comparisons are asked for but descriptions are given

Accept if the differences/similarities are clear.
5. If tabulation is required but paragraphs are given

Candidates will lose marks for not tabulating.
6. If diagrams are given with annotations when descriptions are required

Candidates will lose marks.
7. If flow charts are given instead of descriptions

Candidates will lose marks.
8. If sequence is muddled and links do not make sense

Where sequence and links are correct, credit. Where sequence and links are
incorrect, do not credit. If sequence and links become correct again, resume credit.
9. Non-recognised abbreviations
Accept if first defined in answer. If not defined, do not credit the unrecognised
abbreviation but credit the rest of the answer if correct.
10. Wrong numbering

If answer fits into the correct sequence of questions but the wrong number is given,
it is acceptable.
11. If language used changes the intended meaning

Do not accept.
12. Spelling errors

If recognisable, accept the answer, provided it does not mean something else in Life
Sciences or if it is out of context.
13. If common names are given in terminology

Accept, provided it was accepted at the national memo discussion meeting.
14. If only the letter is asked for but only the name is given (and vice versa)
Do not credit.

15. If units are not given in measurements

Candidates will lose marks. Memorandum will allocate marks for units separately.
16. Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way.
17. Caption
All illustrations (diagrams, graphs, tables, etc.) must have a caption.
18. Code-switching of official languages (terms and concepts)

A single word or two that appear(s) in any official language other than the learners'
assessment language used to the greatest extent in his/her answers should be
credited if it is correct. A marker that is proficient in the relevant official language
should be consulted. This is applicable to all official languages.
19. Changes to the memorandum

No changes must be made to the memoranda without consulting the provincial
internal moderator who in turn will consult with the national internal moderator (and
the Umalusi moderators where necessary).
20. Official memoranda

Only memoranda bearing the signatures of the national internal moderator and the
Umalusi moderators and distributed by the National Department of Basic Education
via the provinces must be used.

SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 1.1.1 D

1.1.2 B
1.1.3 A
1.1.4 B
1.1.5 B
1.1.6 A
1.1.7 C
1.1.8 B
1.1.9 C
1.1.10 B (10 x 2) (20)
1.2 1.2.1 Homeostasis
1.2.2 Mitochondria
1.2.3 Alzheimer's disease /dementia
1.2.4 Choroid
1.2.5 Precocial development
1.2.6 Islets of Langerhans
1.2.7 Acrosome
1.2.8 Umbilical artery (8 x 1) (8)
1.3 1.3.1 Both A and B
1.3.2 None
1.3.3 B only (3 x 2) (6)
1.4 1.4.1 (a) Peripheral nervous system (1)
(b) Autonomic nervous system (1)
1.4.2 Spinal nerves (1)

1.4.3 E - Parasympathetic nervous system (2)
1.4.4 Neurons (1)
1.4.5 - Meninges
- Cranium/bone tissue
- Cerebrospinal fluid Any (2)
(Mark first TWO only) (8)
1.5 1.5.1 Semi-circular canals (1)
1.5.2 Ossicles (1)

1.5.3 (a) D - Eustachian tube (2)
(b) C - Oval window (2)
1.5.4 (a) Maculae (1)
(b) Cristae (1)
(8)
TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B
QUESTION 2
2.1.1 Endometrium (1)
2.1.2 Fertilisation (1)
2.1.3 The (nucleus of the) sperm fuses with (the nucleus of) the ovum (1)
2.1.4 - Zygote divides by mitosis

- to form a (solid) ball of cells
- called the morula
- which develops into a hollow ball of cells
- called the blastula/blastocyst Any (4)
2.1.5 - It is muscular
to protect the foetus from mechanical injury/to allow for
parturition/birth
- It is flexible/can expand
to accommodate the growing foetus
- It is hollow
to accommodate the growing foetus
- The thickened endometrium
allows for implantation /survival of the embryo
(Mark first TWO only) Any (2 x 2) (4)
2.1.6 - The secretion is alkaline which

- neutralises the acidic conditions of the vagina (2)
(13)
2.2 2.2.1 - Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles

- Initiates puberty Any (1)
(Mark first ONE only)
2.2.2 - LH/Luteinising Hormone (1)
2.2.3 - LH stimulates ovulation

- therefore, ovulation will not take place
- There will be no ovum to fertilise Any (2)
2.2.4 - A Graafian follicle is not formed

- Since the Graafian follicle secretes oestrogen
- oestrogen levels will be reduced therefore
- the endometrium will not develop/ thicken
- and no implantation can take place
OR
- There is no ovum produced/a Graafian follicle is not formed
- Ovulation does not occur
- No fertilisation occurs and
- a zygote is not formed
- and no implantation can take place (5)
(9)

2.3 - Under the influence of testosterone

- diploid cells/germinal epithelium cells
- in the seminiferous tubulesof the testis
- undergo meiosis to form
- haploid sperm Any (4)
2.4 2.4.1 External fertilisation (1)
2.4.2 - To increase the chances of fertilisation

- since the gametes may be lost/not reach one another
due to predation/water currents
OR
- To produce more zygotes/offspring
- since many will be lost
- because they are preyed on/washed away/dry out (3)
2.4.3 The embryos develop inside an egg, outside the female's body (1)
(5)
2.5 2.5.1 - It has a duct
- The secretion is released externally/not released into blood
- It secretes sweat/It does not secrete a hormone Any (2)
(Mark first TWO only)
2.5.2 - They receive stimuli from the environment
- and convert them to nerve impulses (2)
2.5.3 - More blood flows to the surface of the skin

to allow more heat to be lost
OR
- More blood flows to the sweat glands
to increase the production of sweat (2)
(6)
2.6 2.6.1 Cochlea (1)
2.6.2 (130 000 – 85 000)  x 100 = 52,94%

85 000 (3)
2.6.3 - More factories were built increase in supply & demand

- More workers were employed
- Extended exposure to loud sounds
- Lack of precautionary measures Any (1)
2.6.4 - The impulse will not be transmitted to the cerebrum

- and will not be interpreted (2)

2.6.5
(130 000)
130 000
Number of workers with hearing loss
(120 000)
120 000
(115 000)
110 000
(100 000)
100 000
90 000
(85 000)
80 000
Criteria for marking graph:

Criteria Mark allocation
Type: Bar graph is drawn (T) 1
Caption of the graph includes both variables (C) 1
Correct labels on X-axis and Y-axis (L) 1
Correct scale for Y-axis
Equal width of bars and spaces (S) 1
Plotting: (P)
1- 4 co-ordinates are plotted correctly 1
All 5 co-ordinates are plotted correctly 2
(6)
(13)
[50]
Histogram or line graph drawn
- Lose marks for type of graph and for scale
Transposed axes:
- Can get full credit if axes labels are also swapped and bars are horizontal
- If labels are not corresponding, then lose marks for labels and scale
- Check that the plotting is correct for the given labels

QUESTION 3
3.1 3.1.1 November (1)
3.1.2 - The concentration of abscisic acid increases

- To stimulate the abscission/falling of leaves
- To prepare the tree for dormancy (3)
3.1.3 - Less sunlight/ less water/ cold conditions therefore

- Decreased photosynthesis/ reduced transpiration/ lower
energy demand/ low growth rate Any (1 x 2) (2)
(6)
3.2 3.2.1 - Auxins promote the development of roots
- It brings about (general) root growth
causing their downwardgrowth/positive geotropism (3)
3.2.2 - In the stem, the auxins stimulate growth on the lower side
causing the stem to grow/bend upwards
- In the root, the auxins inhibit growth on the lower side
causing the root to grow/bend downwards (4)
(7)
3.3 3.3.1 Adrenal gland (1)
3.3.2 (a) Aldosterone level/ increased aldosterone level (1)
(b) Blood pressure (1)

3.3.3 - 1 688 volunteers were used
- The procedure was done 4 times for each individual (2)
3.3.4 - All factors should be kept constant/there should be only one
independent variable
to ensure the validity of the investigation
- Dietary factors/examples
can also influence the blood pressure (2 x 2) (4)
3.3.5 To compare the blood pressure before and after the administration
of aldosterone (2)
3.3.6 - The high aldosterone level
- will increase the permeability of the renal tubules for salt
- More salt will be reabsorbed (3)
(14)

3.4 - Adrenalin causes glycogen to be converted to glucose which

- increases the blood glucose level
- The breathing muscles are stimulated
- to increase the rate and depth of breathing
- The heart muscle is stimulated
- to pump faster
- There is also an increase in blood pressure
- increasing the transport of oxygen and glucose
- The rate of cellular respiration is increased Any (8)
3.5.1 Iris (1)

3.5
3.5.2 - Helps to maintain the shape of the eye
- Plays a role in refraction of light
- Allows the transmission of light
- Prevents desiccation of structures in the eye
- Holds the retina in position
- Nourishment of the eye
- Prevents mechanical injury in the eye (2)
Any
3.5.3
- Area B contains (a high concentration of) photoreceptors/
cones (2)
- Area C contains no photoreceptors/ no rods & cones
3.5.4 (1)
Astigmatism
3.5.5
- Because the lens will become cloudy/opaque
- no/less light will enter the eye (3)
- causing no sight /weak sight
3.5.6
- The ciliary muscle contracts
- The ciliary body moves closer to the lens
- The suspensory ligaments slacken
- Tension on the lens decreases
- The lens becomes more convex/rounded
- Light rays are refracted more (6)
- To focus the light on the retina Any (15)
[50]
TOTAL SECTION B: 100

GRAND TOTAL: 150
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SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/

This question paper consists of 15 pages.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start the answers to EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.

6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink.

7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts only when asked to do so.

9. Do NOT use graph paper.

10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass,

11. Write neatly and legibly.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.1.1 Diabetes mellitus is caused by an …

1.1.3 The myelin sheath on a nerve cell …

A provides electrical insulation.

1.1.4 The structure where sperms are temporarily stored is the …

1.1.5 Which ONE of the following is a function of the amniotic fluid?

A Provides nutrition to the foetus

Copyright reserved Please turn over

QUESTIONS 1.1.6 AND 1.1.7 ARE BASED ON THE DIAGRAM OF THE

1.1.6 Which ONE of the following represents the corpus callosum?

1.1.7 Which ONE of the following is the function of part 3?

A Controls voluntary movements

1.1.8 The placenta is formed by the …

A amniotic fluid and amnion.

1.1.9 An oversecretion of the hormone produced by the thyroid gland

A gaining weight, because of an increased metabolic rate.

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Group Age Average

Which ONE of the following is an explanation for the difference in

Testosterone levels are higher in …

A Group I than Group III due to the start of puberty.

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1.2.1 The process of maintaining a constant internal environment in the

1.2.2 The organelles found in large quantities in the neck region of a

1.2.3 The disease characterised by the degeneration of brain tissue,

1.3 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN I apply to A ONLY,

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1.4.1 Identify the component of the nervous system represented by:

1.4.2 Name the type of nerves found at C. (1)

1.4.5 State TWO ways in which the brain is protected. (2)

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1.5.1 Identify part F. (1)

1.5.2 Give the collective term for bones B. (1)

1.5.3 Give the LETTER and NAME of the structure that:

(b) Creates pressure waves in the inner ear (2)

1.5.4 Name the receptors that are stimulated by a change in the:

(a) Position of the head (1)

(b) Direction and speed of movement of the head (1)

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2.1 The diagram below represents the female reproductive system.

2.1.1 Identify part B. (1)

2.1.3 Describe the process named in QUESTION 2.1.2. (1)

2.1.5 Explain TWO ways in which part D is structurally suited for

2.1.6 Describe how the secretion of the prostate gland provides

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2.2 Read the extract below.

PLASTIC LINKED TO FEMALE INFERTILITY

Several studies indicate that bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used in the

2.2.1 State ONE function of FSH. (1)