Gökçe Özel, test 1 | digital SAT

test 1 (27 questions / 32 minutes)

When his hour had struck, he stood up and took leave of his 1
desk and of his fellow-clerks punctiliously. He emerged As used in the text, what does the word “figure” most
from under the feudal arch of the King’s Inns, a neat modest nearly mean?
A) depiction
figure, and walked swiftly down Henrietta Street. The
B) position
golden sunset was waning, and the air had grown sharp.
C) importance
D) image

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When a U.S.-based ice cream chain with about 1,400 stores 2
moved within 50 steps of a J.P. Licks ice cream store in As used in the text, what does the word “expected” most

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Newton, Massachusetts, some people expected that J.P. nearly mean?
A) anticipated
Licks, a small, locally owned company, would be beaten
B) demanded
out of the Newton market. But consumers rallied around
C) hoped
J.P. Licks, and the national chain later closed its nearby
D) admitted
location.

A group of researchers conducted a study at a bookstore in

Cambridge, MA where 163 shoppers were exposed to three
versions of an in-store ad: highlighting the store’s large
competitors, small competitors or no competition. The ads
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As used in the text, what does the word “environment”
most nearly mean?
A) circumstances
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B) locale
were coded with a $5 coupon and shoppers who read the
C) scenery
“large competitors” version were more likely to make a
D) resources
purchase than those who read the other versions. The results
of the study indicates that competitive environment
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influences purchase behavior.

In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia, researchers 4

at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living As used in the text, what does “positive” most nearly
mean?
in the wild today—a considerable increase from the 3,200
A) emphatic
G

recorded in 2010. The study suggests that the commitment

B) specific
to and success of conservation programs in some countries
C) reliable
have contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger
D) favorable
population. “It’s a positive trend,” Ginette Hemley, the
WWF’s senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says.
“We’re cautiously hopeful.”

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 Gökçe Özel, test 1 | digital SAT

I learned by close study that it made no difference what fair 5

promises a political party, out of power, might make to the As used in the text, what does “fair” most nearly mean?
people in order to secure their confidence, when once A) honest
securely established in control of the affairs of society; that B) pure
they were after all but human with all the human attributes C) appealing
of the politician. D) adequate

The observations on learning in tool-using woodpecker 6

finches have altered our conception of how this behavior As used in the text, what does “conception” most nearly
develops. The ontogenetic unfolding of this complex mean?

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A) beginning
behavior is determined by a very specific genetic

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B) understanding
component, but is enhanced through individual learning.
C) design
D) invention

Those who enjoy trying new products and sharing their 7

opinions may consider becoming professional reviewers
who conduct ______ product research and report on their
findings.
Ö Which choice completes the text with the most logical
and precise word or phrase?
A)
B)
C)
extensive
spacious
sizeable
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D) pervasive

Text 1 8

While the global number of wild tigers appears to have The two texts agree that wild tiger population sizes are
__________
gone up, a country-by-country analysis is more sobering.
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A) recovering more fully in certain countries than in

Though several countries including India, Nepal, Bhutan others.
and Russia may have gone up in recent years, others have B) beginning to return to the levels recorded in
2010.
seen tigers disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss.
C) responding predictably to aggressive
Text 2 conservation attempts.
D) declining steadily despite continual human
G

The goal of WWF and the Global Tiger Forum for tiger
intervention.
population growth far exceeds what one would expect to
realize on the basis of studies carried out using more
rigorous techniques. Furthermore, apart from the increases
in tigers in a few reserves in India and parts of Thailand,
there are no convincing data to show that populations are
recovering in the rest of Southeast Asia or Russia.

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 Gökçe Özel, test 1 | digital SAT

9
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph
to complete the statement?
A) 9 percent saying it happens rarely.
B) 36 percent saying it happens often.
C) 21 percent saying it happens often.
D) 11 percent saying it never happens.

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The individuals surveyed thought that businesses write
positive reviews of their own products or services, with 43
percent of respondents saying this happens sometimes and
______. And even when they did not suspect direct
Ö
çe
interference from the businesses, respondents had doubts
about the validity of customer reviews: 48 percent thought
that individuals sometimes write online reviews without
purchasing the products or services, and 16 percent thought
that this occurs often.
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Counting wild tigers isn’t easy. While tens of thousands of 10

tigers once roamed Asia from Turkey to Indonesia, their Which choice most logically completes the text?
habitats have become tiny and scattered during the last A) they move extremely quickly from one location
to another.
century. Wild tigers are notoriously elusive, preferring to
G

B) they reside in environments that are relatively

hide out in hard-to reach places in jungle undergrowth and
inaccessible to humans.
high mountains. Combined with their low numbers, these
C) they bear a superficial resemblance to other
factors can make them difficult to keep track of, which can related species.
leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations are D) they exhibit behavior that is potentially
threatening to humans.
truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in part reflect
better surveying methods. In conclusion, counting wild
tigers is difficult because ______

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 Gökçe Özel, test 1 | digital SAT

In April the WWF and the Global Tiger Forum announced 11

to great fanfare that the planet’s wild tiger population was at Which choice most logically completes the text?
last on the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups A)
aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022. But
B)
their tally, based on official estimates, relied on flawed
methodologies, including the use of statistically weak
C)
extrapolations from tiger photographs and field counts of
spoor. Therefore, their population estimate may be D)
considered flawed due to the ______
generalization from a selection of evidence that
is likely incomplete
limitation to data that are more relevant in
certain countries than in others
reliance on a new experimental tool that has not
been thoroughly tested in the field
assumption of stability in population growth over
time that is not supported by data

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On November 5, 1966, British artist Tom Phillips was 12

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rummaging through a warehouse full of bargain Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
(12) ______ an old, hardbound Victorian novel by W. H. the conventions of Standard English?
A) books, he found
Mallock. The book, which Phillips purchased for mere
B) books when he found
pennies, (13) ______ was titled A Human Document, and he
C) books; finding
decided to make it the raw material for his next art project:
a mixed-media book of erasure poetry.

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D) books. When finding

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English?
A) was
çe
B) were
C) have been
D) are being

Traditional salinization tests that solely (14) ______ on 14

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sodium chloride, a salt often used to deice roads, are Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
inadequate in studying the increased salinity and pH of the conventions of Standard English?
A) focus
freshwater systems. While acid rain itself lowers pH, it
B) were focusing
breaks down minerals containing alkaline salts, ultimately
C) will focus
raising pH in waterways. Such salts are released by
G

D) had been focused

numerous processes, including mining, agriculture, and,
counterintuitively, acid rain. Regardless of how they enter
15
waterways, “these ‘cocktails’ of salts can be more toxic
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
than just one salt, as some ions can displace and release
the conventions of Standard English?
other ions from soils and rocks, compounding the problem,”
A) States, of
Kaushal explains. As Kaushal’s study shows, these effects
B) States: of
are widespread in the United (15) ______ the 232 stream C) States; of,
and river monitoring sites examined in the study, 66 percent D) States of
showed trends of increasing pH.

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 Gökçe Özel, test 1 | digital SAT

An individual who wants to purchase a new laptop 16

computer can get reviews of the available models from one Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
of the many websites where customers post their own the conventions of Standard English?

reviews. However, many consumers are concerned about A) reviews,

the trustworthiness of anonymous customer appraisals or B) reviews; now that

are simply overwhelmed by the countless, often conflicting C) reviews, so

D) reviews, therefore,
______ there is growing demand for the objective,
reputable reviews provided by a professional reviewing
service.

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As the example of David ______ who worked for more 17

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than 25 years at Consumer Reports, a leading reviewing Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
service—shows, the field of reviewing service is ideal for the conventions of Standard English?

those who want to use their expertise to provide honest A) Heim—

information to consumers while learning about the latest B) Heim,

technologies. C) Heim

Professional review services, like Consumer Reports, The

Wirecutter, and The Sweethome, offer expert advice.
(18) ______ technicians run tests on products such as cars,
Ö 18
D) Heim;

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English?
A) Its
çe
electronics, appliances, and household supplies—a task as
B) Our
exciting as it is difficult, given that professional reviewers
C) These
often have to anticipate industry trends. Heim recalls, for
D) Their
example, a time in the 1990s when managing editors at his
company held a meeting to discuss a product many
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19
(19) ______ of: digital cameras.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?
A) are not even hearing
B) had not even heard
C) have not even heard
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D) will not even have heard

The law of supply and demand, which holds that as the 20

supply of an item increases, its price decreases, assumes Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
that each shopper will strive to pay ______ as possible for the conventions of Standard English?

the item. A) as small

B) so small
C) as little
D) so little

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 Gökçe Özel, test 1 | digital SAT

Professional reviewers’ commitment to fairness and 21

accuracy should be particularly appealing to consumers Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
since, according to market research, people have many the conventions of Standard English?

reservations about online customer reviews. For example, a A) surveyed believed that,

2014 study found that 50 percent of those ______ B) surveyed, believed that

businesses sometimes write negative reviews about C) surveyed, believed that:

D) surveyed believed that
competitors, and a further 18 percent believed businesses
did so often.

Katherine Milkman found that participants who limited 22

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their audiobook listening to time spent at the gym worked Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?

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out 51 percent more frequently than the control participants,
and 61 percent of those in the experimental group even A) purchased

______ gym-only access to audiobooks. B) had purchased

C) purchase
D) would purchase

When the default option—that is, the choice that requires

no direct action to be taken—is not to enroll in a
(23) ______ employees don't sign up. However, when the
default option is enrollment—that is, when companies
Ö 23
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?
A)
B)
plan—and many
plan, and many
çe
automatically sign workers up for a plan and require them
C) plan. Many
to take direct action to (24) ______ far more workers make
D) plan, many
the decision to save for retirement.

24
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Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English?
A) unenroll—
B) unenroll,
C) unenroll:
D) unenroll;
G

In a 2013 study, Katherine Milkman and two coauthors 25

examined what they call “temptation ______ a so-called Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
“want experience” (in this case, listening to a favorite the conventions of Standard English?

audiobook) with a so-called “should behavior” (exercising A) bundling”: tying

at a gym). B) bundling” tying:

C) bundling,” tying;
D) bundling”; tying

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 Gökçe Özel, test 1 | digital SAT

In one of his earliest ‘treatments’, Phillips folded the title 26

page of a novel, truncating “A Human Document” to “A Which choice completes the text with the most logical
Humument.” This struck Phillips as a particularly evocative transition?

title. “Humument” was an “earthy word,” as he put it, “with A) However,

echoes of humanity and monument.” ______ the newly B) Furthermore,

coined word revealed something of his method, how C) Therefore,

D) For example,
Phillips would “hew” his own meaning out of the larger text
of the novel, carving away words like a sculptor carves
away stone to reveal a new artwork beneath.

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According to scholars in the emerging field of behavioral 27

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economics, there is a significant problem: humans aren’t Which choice completes the text with the most logical
rational. In the real world, people make irrational economic transition?

decisions all the time. ______ studies of savings behavior A) For instance,

show that many workers choose not to enroll in retirement- B) However,

savings plans offered by their employers. C) Moreover,

Ö D) In other words,
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G