Summary: The lesson went over the definition of linear transformations, span, image, kernel of

linear transformations, and their properties. The lesson concludes with a list of equivalent
statements regarding the various characteristics of invertible matrices.

The image of a transformation is the set of all values the transformation takes in its target space

Span
- The span of the vectors, 𝑣1, 𝑣2, 𝑣3, …, 𝑣𝑚 is the set of all vectors such that
→
𝑥 = 𝑐1𝑣1 + 𝑐2𝑣2 + 𝑐3𝑣3 +... 𝑐𝑚𝑣𝑚
The image of a linear transformation expressed using matrices is the span of the column vectors
of the matrix expressing the linear transformation
- The image contains the zero vector
- The image is closed under linear operations
- The image is a subset of the range of the transformation
The kernel of a linear transformation is the span of all vectors on which if the transformation is
acted upon will produce the zero vector
- The kernel contains the zero vector
- The kernel is closed under linear operations
- The kernel is a subset of the domain of the transformation
- The kernel contains only the zero vector if and only if the rank of the transformation is
equal to the number of columns of the matrix
Various characteristics of invertible matrices that are 𝑛×𝑛
- The following statements are equivalent
● 𝐴 is invertible
𝑛
● The linear system 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑏 has unique solutions for all 𝑏 in 𝑅
● 𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑓(𝐴) = 𝐼
● 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘(𝐴) = 𝑛
𝑛
● l𝑖𝑚(𝐴) = 𝑅
● 𝑘𝑒𝑟(𝐴) = {0}