WORLDSTAR COLLEGE OF SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY, Inc.

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
PRE-FINAL EXAMINATION(PETA)

PPROPERTIES OF LIQUID and INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

The behavior of liquids, influenced by Intermolecular Forces, defines

their unique properties

PREPARED and SUBMITTED BY

ALEXIS GERALD R. VALEROSO

STEM 12 - JAMAICA

PREPARED FOR

Ms. MERIGEN S. SANCHEZ, LPT.

NOVEMBER 24, 2023

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ...........................................................................................................................1

Surface Tension .................................................................................................................1

Viscosity ...................................................................................................................................2

Capillary Action ..................................................................................................................2

Vapor Pressure ...................................................................................................................3

Boiling Point ..........................................................................................................................4

Introduction
Liquids have unique properties that depend on the nature of intermolecular
interactions. Intermolecular Forces are the attractions between molecules that
hold them together in a liquid state.

Surface Tension

Surface Tension is the phenomenon that occurs when the surface of a liquid
is in contact with another phase (it can be also liquid as well.) Liquid tends to
acquire the least surface area possible. The surface of the liquid behaves like
an ELASTIC SHEET. It is the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by
the attraction of particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which
tends to minimize surface area.

Intermolecular forces, particularly cohesive forces, influence surface tension.

Stronger intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding, lead to higher
surface tension. This is because cohesive forces between molecules at the
surface are more significant, causing the surface to behave like a stretched
elastic membrane.

1
 Viscosity

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It depends on the internal

friction between molecules. High viscosity means the liquid flows slowly, while
low viscosity indicates faster flow.

Viscosity is influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces.Stronger forces

Stronger forces leads to higher viscosity. For an instance, Dishwashing liquid
with its strong cohesive forces between molecules, has higher viscosity
compared to a less viscous liquid with weaker intermolecular forces.

Capillary Action

Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the
assistance of, or against, external forces like gravity. This phenomenon is a
result of both adhesive and cohesive forces working together.

2
Both cohesive and adhesive forces, which are types of intermolecular forces,
impact capillary action. Stronger intermolecular forces enhance capillary
action. Just like in the photo, water’s cohesive and adhesive properties, due to
hydrogen bonding, result in notable capillary action in narrow glasses.

Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid
phase in a closed system at a given temperature, it depends on the
temperature and the strength of intermolecular forces.

3
Intermolecular force affects vapor pressure. Substances with weaker
intermolecular forces have higher vapor pressure, because molecules
escapes more easily from the liquid phase into the vapor phase. Stronger
forces results in lower vapor pressure.

BOILING POINT

Boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals
the atmospheric pressure. It represents the point at which a liquid changes
into gas under specific external condition.

Boiling point is influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces.

Substances with stronger forces requires more energy (higher temperature) to
overcome these forces and transition from a liquid to a gas, leading to a
higher boiling point.