Topic: Family Planning

References

Ella Mae Tolentino

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception
- Among the 1.9 billion women of reproductive age group (15–49 years) worldwide in 2021, 1.1 billion
have a need for family planning; of these, 874 million are using modern contraceptive methods, and 164
million have an unmet need for contraception (1).

● The proportion of the need for family planning satisfied by modern methods, Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG) indicator 3.7.1, has stagnated globally at around 77% from 2015 to
2022 but increased from 52% to 58% in sub-Saharan Africa (2).
● Only one contraceptive method, condoms, can prevent both a pregnancy and the transmission of
sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
● Use of contraception advances the human right of people to determine the number and spacing of
their children.
● In 2022, global contraceptive prevalence of any method was estimated at 65% and of modern
methods at 58.7% for married or in a union women (3).

There are many different types of contraception, but not all types are appropriate for all situations. The
most appropriate method of birth control depends on an individual’s overall health, age, frequency of
sexual activity, number of sexual partners, desire to have children in the future, and family history of
certain diseases. Ensuring access for all people to their preferred contraceptive methods advances several
human rights including the right to life and liberty, freedom of opinion, expression and choice and the
right to work and education, as well as bringing significant health and other benefits.

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/contraception-
choices
- Contraception (also known as family planning or birth control) protects you from pregnancy.
Contraception works so that an egg can’t be fertilised by sperm to conceive a baby.
There are many contraceptive options available in Australia. Their level of effectiveness and the way they
work varies.
Types of contraception include:

● implants
● intrauterine devices (IUDs)
● injections
● oral contraceptive pills (combined pill and progestogen only pill)
● vaginal rings
● barrier methods (external and internal condoms, diaphragms)
● tubal ligation and vasectomy
● emergency contraception
● natural methods (also known as natural family planning or fertility awareness based methods).
Barrier methods of contraception (such as condoms) are highly effective to protect you and your sexual
partners from sexually transmissible infections (STIs).
It is important to remember, that no method of contraception is 100% effective against pregnancy.

How to choose contraception to suit your needs

When choosing a method of contraception that is right for you, it is important to have accurate
information. If you have a partner/s talk openly about your options.
Issues you may like to consider include:

● how well each method works

● why you need to use contraception – some people use contraception for hormonal benefits (such
as for heavy menstrual bleeding, skipping periods, endometriosis or acne)
● possible side effects
● ease of use
● cost
● your general health – such as other health conditions and current medications or treatments
● your lifestyle and relationships
● your safety and risk of getting a sexually transmissible infection (STI)
● whether you want to get pregnant
● whether you can stop the method yourself or need to see a health practitioner
● the effort and time involved.

Some methods require more effort than others. Weigh the pros and cons and think about how each
method meets your current and future needs. For example, if you decide on the pill, you need to
remember to take it every day. If you choose an implant or IUD, once it has been inserted, it can last for a
few years. Unless there are issues, you don’t need to think about it until it needs to be replaced.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK215219/
- The importance of family planning is clear from its benefits to individuals, as well as to
families, communities, and societies (AGI, 2003). Family planning serves three critical needs:
(1) it helps couples avoid unintended pregnancies; (2) it reduces the spread of sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs); and (3) by addressing the problem of STDs, it helps reduce rates of
infertility.

Althea Atendido
UNFPA Philippines | Family Planning - https://philippines.unfpa.org/en/node/15304
- Sa Pilipinas, mayroong 2.6 milyon na babae na may asawa at 5.1 milyon na babaeng
walang asawa na gustong gumamit ng pagpaplano ng pamilya, ngunit hindi ito
nagawa noong 2017 ayon sa National Demographic Health Survey. Ang pag-aalis ng
‘di natutugunan ng pangangailangan na ito para sa pagpaplano ng pamilya ay nasa
puso ng misyon ng UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund). Sinusuportahan ng
UNFPA ang Kagawaran ng Kalusugan sa pagbuo, pagpapatupad at pagsubaybay ng
multi-year costed na mga plano sa pagpapatupad para sa National Family Planning
Programme. Tinutulungan din namin ang DOH na pahusayin ang mga sistema ng
impormasyon sa pagpaplano ng pamilya nito lalo na sa mga larangan ng pagbuo ng
data at pamamahala ng logistik upang matiyak ang access sa mga modernong
pamamaraan ng pagpaplano ng pamilya.

FAMILY PLANNING (DOH)

https://ro1.doh.gov.ph/programs-services/local-health-and-technical-
assistance/family-health-cluster/32-programs-projects-services/local-
health-and-technical-assistance/family -health/254-family-planning
- Ang Family Planning ay isang pambansang mandato ng prayoridad na programa sa
pampublikong kalusugan upang matamo ang pambansang pagpapaunlad ng kalusugan ng
bansa para sa pagpapabuti ng kalusugan at kapakanan ng mga ina, mga anak, at iba pang
miyembro ng pamilya. Nagbibigay din ito ng impormasyon at mga serbisyo para sa mga mag-
asawang nasa edad na ng reproduktibo upang planuhin ang kanilang pamilya ayon sa kanilang
mga paniniwala at kalagayan sa pamamagitan ng legal at medikal na katanggap-tanggap na
mga pamamaraan ng pagpaplano ng pamilya.
Goal - Upang magbigay ng unibersal na access sa impormasyon at serbisyo ng FP kahit kailan
at saan man ito kailangan.
Objectives - Tinutugunan ng programa ng FP ang pangangailangang tulungan ang mga mag-
asawa at indibidwal na makamit ang kanilang ninanais na laki ng pamilya sa loob ng konteksto
ng responsableng pagiging magulang at pagbutihin ang kanilang kalusugan sa reproduktibo.
Vision - Binigyang kapangyarihan ang mga kalalakihan at kababaihan na namumuhay nang
malusog, produktibo, at kasiya-siyang buhay at ginagamit ang karapatang pangasiwaan ang
kanilang sariling pagkamayabong sa pamamagitan ng legal at katanggap-tanggap na mga
serbisyo sa pagpaplano ng pamilya.
Mission -Tinitiyak ng DOH sa pakikipagtulungan sa mga LGU, NGO, pribadong sektor, at
komunidad ang pagkakaroon ng impormasyon at serbisyo ng FP sa mga kalalakihan at
kababaihan na nangangailangan nito.
Intended/Target Audience - Mga kalalakihan at kababaihan sa edad ng reproductive (15-49
taong gulang) in case na maging teenage mom sila, kabilang ang mga kabataan.
Sinearch ko lang ito sa Google.

Alexander Meman
- https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125981906.pdf
Birth is one of the important people’s livelihood. The adjustment of birth policy is an
important measure for the state to improve the population development strategy according
to the situation of population and economic and social development. The adjustment of
birth policy is of great significance to improving the population structure, coping with the
national strategy of population aging, maintaining the advantages of human resources
endowment, consolidating the achievements of building a moderately prosperous society in
all respects, and promoting the harmonious development of man and nature.

Marlon Guamos Jr.

- https://philippines.unfpa.org/en/news/access-family-planning-critical-philippines
ISABELA, Philippines – Gathering in a light green painted basketball court,
surrounded by coconut and banana trees, 24-year-old Joan Calamayan and 50 other
young women wanted to learn about family planning and the services available in the
Philippine village of Kalabaza.
“Today we are going to talk about how to plan the timing and size of your families,”
said reproductive health facilitator Benjamin Lucas. He is part of a UNFPA-supported
project, launched in August 2017, to provide women access to an expanded number of
contraceptive choices.
Around him, the young women and their families, many of whom had walked from
far-flung villages, listened intently as he discussed different types of contraceptives.
“I have three children. An 8-year-old, a 5-year-old and a one-year-old,” said Ms.
Calamayan. “I do not want to get pregnant anymore.”
She is not alone. In the Philippines, 49 per cent of unmarried, sexually active women,
and 17 per cent of married women have an unmet need for family planning, according
to the 2017 National Demographic and Health Survey.

https://www.unfpa.org/family-planning
Family planning saves lives
Contraceptives prevent unintended pregnancies, reduce the number of abortions, and lower
the incidence of death and disability related to complications of pregnancy and childbirth. If all
women in developing regions with an unmet need for contraceptives were able to use modern
methods, maternal deaths would be reduced by about a quarter, according to recent estimates
by UNFPA partners.
Additionally, male and female condoms, when used correctly and consistently, provide dual
protection against both unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs),
including HIV. Increasing knowledge about and access to modern contraception among
adolescent girls is a crucial starting point for improving their long-term health. It is also
essential for improving maternal and newborn health: around the world, complications from
pregnancy and childbirth are the leading killer of adolescent girls (ages 15-19). Their babies
also face a higher risk of dying than the babies of older women. Yet adolescents face enormous
barriers to accessing reproductive health information and services.
UNFPA works to improve access to reproductive health services, including for marginalized
young people. In Malawi, for example, health workers are receiving training on providing
sensitive and accurate information and services tailored to adolescents.
Family planning empowers women
Access to contraceptive information is central to achieving gender equality. When women and
couples are empowered to plan whether and when to have children, and how many, women are
better enabled to complete their education; women’s autonomy within their households is
increased; and their earning power is improved. This strengthens their economic security and
well-being and that of their families.
Cumulatively, these benefits contribute to poverty reduction and global development. These
benefits were recognized in the Programme of Action of the International Conference on
Population and Development (ICPD), which called for “the right of men and women to be
informed and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of family
planning of their choice.” This agreement lays the foundation for much of UNFPA’s work.
Family planning brings economic benefits
There are clear economic benefits to investing in family planning. For every additional dollar
that is invested in contraception, the cost of pregnancy-related care will be reduced by about
three dollars, according to recent projections by UNFPA's partner Guttmacher. In terms of
socioeconomic benefits, achieving universal access to quality sexual and reproductive health
services is estimated to yield returns of $120 for every dollar invested, according to some
estimates.
Family planning can also help countries realize a ‘demographic dividend’, a boost in economic
productivity that occurs when there are growing numbers of people in the workforce and
falling numbers of dependents.

Aira Magtarayo
-https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/contraception/natural-family-planning-fertility-
awareness/
Natural family planning is checking and recording fertility signs to work out when you’re more
likely to get pregnant. It’s sometimes called fertility awareness. You can then avoid having sex,
or use other contraception when you’re more likely to get pregnant.
Natural family planning is much less effective than other methods of contraception. It requires
mutual agreement, self-control and dedication. It does not protect you against sexually
transmitted infections (STIs).
If the instructions are properly followed, natural family planning methods can be up to 99%
effective, depending on what methods are used. This means that 1 in 100 people who uses
natural family planning will get pregnant in a year.
It’ll be less effective if it’s not used according to the instructions. It may only be around 75%
effective because of mistakes.
Natural family planning does not cause any side effects. It’s acceptable to all faiths and
cultures.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/family-planning
Family planning enables a woman to determine the time, spacing, and frequency of pregnancy
with various methods for preventing or expelling a conception while maintaining a normal sex
life. Adoption is another aspect of family planning. The technology for birth spacing has been
revolutionized so that there are now safe and effective contraceptive methods widely available
at reasonable cost in industrialized and developing countries (Table 6.4). Birth control is a
public health issue and responsibility.
Table 6.4. Percentage of married women using some form of contraception, world regions,
1990–97, 1997–2005, 2006–15.

Region 1990–97 1997–2005 2006–10 2015

Sub-Saharan Africa 15 24 23 28

Middle East and North Africa 46 53 45 53

South Asia 38 46 51 59

Latin America and Caribbean 64 71 74 73

East Asia and Pacific 74 79 78 82

Source: United Nations Children's Fund. The state of the world's children, 1998, 2007, and
2012. Available at: http://www.unicef.org.sowc/ (Accessed October 25, 2013); United
Nations, 2015. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015).
Trends in contraceptive use worldwide 2015 (ST/ESA/SER.A/349). Available at:
https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/
undesa_pd_report_2015_trends_contraceptive_use.pdf (Accessed 22 March 2021).

Between 2006 and 2010, reported contraceptive use ranged from 23% to 78%, with a world
average of 63%. Low awareness of or access to birth control contributes to high birth and
maternal mortality rates. They also lead to abortion for birth control, which may complicate
subsequent pregnancies. High fertility rates or pregnancies later in life pose extra hazards to
the mother and newborn and burden the family unit. In sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean,
one in five and one in four women, respectively, lack access to contraception.
Increased demand for contraceptive use was expected to include an increased unmet need of
6.8% in developing countries by 2015. The unmet need, on average, is highest in East, Middle,
and West Africa, at 26.3%, 26.1%, and 25%, respectively. Little change occurred between 1990
and 2010 in most WHO regions, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, where estimated unmet needs
exceeded the prevalence of contraceptive use. In 2010, of the 42 countries with national
estimates of unmet needs greater than 25%, 29 were in Africa. There were also high rates
(24.6%) in the Pacific Island nations of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The absolute
number of married women of reproductive age with a demand for contraception was projected
to increase substantially by 2015 both worldwide and in most developing countries. Increased
investment is needed to overcome the stagnation in funding since the 1990s to improve
reproductive health.

Group 1
Leader
Tolentino, Ella Mae O.

Members:
Atendido, Althea
Dela Cruz, Angellyca
Golgota, George
Guamos, Marlon Jr.
Magtarayo, Aira
Meman, Alexander
Sabaulan, Johnkent
Santos, Sarah Isabelle
Valencia, Jaime