WEEK - 2

Experiment Name: Study of Network IP in Packet Tracer

Date of Experiment: 13/02/2023

Aim:
To study the concepts of network IP using Packet Tracer.

Materials Required:
Packet Tracer software

Procedure:
Step – 1: Open Packet Tracer software.
Step – 2: Create a new project and name it.
Step – 3: Add two or more devices to the project.
Step – 4: Configure the IP addresses of the devices.
Step – 5: Create a simple point-to-point network topology using the devices.
Step – 6: Test the connectivity between the devices by sending a network packet.

Observations:

● The IP addresses assigned to the devices are 192.176.1.1 to the first device and
192.176.1.2 to the second device.

● The devices needed to remain in the same network as we are not using any hub or
switch to configure them
 ● Once we send a network packet it is received by the second device and sent back to
the first device.

● This makes it clear that the packet has been successfully sent.

Conclusion:

Configuring network IP in Cisco Packet Tracer involves assigning unique IP addresses to

every device on a network, which serve as unique identifiers for communication and traffic
routing.
We have observed that proper configuration of network IP involves configuring default
gateways, verifying connectivity, configuring routing protocols, and troubleshooting issues
that may arise. IP addresses are crucial for the proper functioning of computer networks and
the internet.
Experiment Name: Connect the Computers in Local Area Network in
Packet Tracer
Date of Experiment: 13/02/2023

Aim:
To connect two or more computers in a local area network using Packet Tracer.

Materials Required:
Packet Tracer software
Computers (virtual or physical)

Procedure:
Step – 1: The following can be done both by a switch and a hub.
Step – 2: Add three or more computer devices[end devices].
Step – 3: Configure their IP addresses where both the host addresses can be different.
Step – 4: Connect the devices using a hub and a fast ethernet cable.
Step – 5: Send a simple PDU through one of the devices.
Step – 6: The hub broadcasts the message to the device.
Step – 7: Repeat the same procedure using a switch.

Observations:
● We send a PDU through PC - 1 to PC - 3
● We observe that the hub sends the data to all the devices and not only to the device
which should be receiving the data.

● Now when we send a PDU through a switch we observe a difference.

● Here we observe that the switch does not broadcast the data but sends it only to the
required destination which is PC - 3.
Conclusion:
In the experiment, the switch was able to efficiently manage and direct network traffic by
using its built-in intelligence to send data only to the devices that require it. This results in
faster and more reliable data transmission, making it suitable for high-bandwidth
applications such as video streaming and online gaming. On the other hand, the hub simply
broadcasts data to all connected devices, regardless of whether they need it or not. This
results in a slower and less reliable network, as the bandwidth is shared among all connected
devices. Hubs are typically used in small home networks or for diagnostic purposes, but are
not ideal for larger networks or high-bandwidth applications.
WEEK - 3

Experiment Name: Introduction to Packet Tracer Tool

Date of Experiment: 20/02/2023

Aim:
To introduce students to Packet Tracer tool and its basic features.
Materials Required:
Packet Tracer software

Procedure:
1. Open a new file in the packet tracer software.
2. Add the computer devices.
3. Configure each device with its own IP address and subnet mask corresponding to the
IP address.
4. Add a switch to the network and connect all the devices to the switch using the fast
ethernet cable.
5. Now send a PDU through one of the device and observe the path through the
simulation panel.
Observations:
Conclusion:

Through the experiment, we were able to explore the Packet Tracer software, simulate a
network topology, and apply various networking concepts such as IP addressing, subnetting,
routing, and switching. We also learned how to configure devices such as routers, switches,
and PCs, and how to use various networking tools such as
Selection Tool: Used to select and move devices and other objects in the workspace.
Connection Tool: Used to connect devices by drawing cables between them.
Simulation Mode: Allows users to simulate network operations, traffic, and behavior.
Command Line Interface: Allows users to configure and manage network devices using
commands.
Experiment Name: Study of Basic Network Command and Network
Configuration Command in Packet Tracer
Date of Experiment: 20/02/2023

Aim:
To study and practice basic network commands and network configuration commands in
Packet Tracer.
Materials Required:
Packet Tracer software

Procedure:
1. Choose some end devices and paste them on the screen.
2. Configure the IP address by clicking on the selected device.
3. After assigning the IP address to the device, enter the subnet mask corresponding to
the address given.
4. Repeat the above two steps to configure the IP address to all the systems or devices.
5. Now take a fast ethernet cable and connect the devices to each other.
6. Now click on PC1 and on the desktop click on command prompt/terminal, and type
the command ‘ipconfig’.
7. Now type the command ‘ping’ along with the address of another system(PC2).

Observations:
Conclusion:
In this experiment, we use ipconfig and ping commands in the PC terminal of Packet Tracer
which provides an excellent opportunity to learn and practice fundamental networking skills
such as IP addressing, subnetting, and troubleshooting. Through the experiment, we were
able to use the ipconfig command to obtain network configuration information about our PC,
such as IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server. We also learned how to
use the ping command to test connectivity between devices on a network by sending ICMP
echo request packets to a target device and waiting for a response. The experiment highlights
the importance of these basic networking tools in diagnosing and troubleshooting network
issues. By understanding how to use ipconfig and ping, we can quickly identify problems with
network connectivity and resolve them in a timely and efficient manner.
WEEK-4

Experiment Name: Configure a Network Topology using Packet Tracer

Software
Date of Experiment: 06/03/2023

Aim:
To configure a network topology using Packet Tracer software.
Materials Required:
Packet Tracer software
Procedure:
1. Open a new file in the packet tracer software.
2. Add the computer devices.
3. Configure each device with its own IP address and subnet mask corresponding to the
IP address.
4. Add a switch to the network and connect all the devices to the switch using the fast
ethernet cable.
5. Now send a PDU through one of the device and observe the path through the
simulation panel.

Observations:

A star topology configuration where all the devices are connected to a single switch.
Conclusion:
Through the experiment, we were able to create a simple network topology consisting of
multiple devices interconnected using switches. We also learned how to configure these
devices with IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and other necessary settings. The
experiment highlights the importance of proper network topology design in ensuring a stable
and efficient network. By understanding the different networking devices and how they
interact with each other, we can design a topology that meets our specific networking
requirements, such as bandwidth and security.
Experiment Name: Configuration of Various Topologies related to LANs
and WANs Using Packet Tracer
Date of Experiment: 06/03/2023

Aim:
To configure various LAN and WAN topologies using Packet Tracer software.

Materials Required:
Packet Tracer software

Procedure:
1. Open a new file in the packet tracer software.
2. Add the computer devices.
3. Configure each device with its own IP address and subnet mask corresponding to the
IP address.
4. To demonstrate BUS topology take 4 switches and connect them to the 4 computer
devices.
5. Connect all the switches to each other and each switch to one of the computer device.
6. Now send a PDU through one of the device and observe the path through the
simulation panel.
7. To demonstrate star topology take a switch and connect it to 4 different computer
devices.
8. Now send a PDU through one of the device and observe the path through the
simulation panel.
9. To demonstrate mesh topology take 5 switches and interconnect each switch using
fast ethernet cables and then connect one computer device to each switch.
10. Now send a PDU through one of the device and observe the path through the
simulation panel.

Observations:
● The Bus topology:
 ● The Star topology:

● The Mesh topology:

Conclusion:
Through the experiment, we were able to create network topologies using different devices
and connectivity options. We created a star topology, where each device was connected to a
central hub, a mesh topology, where devices were interconnected to one another, and a bus
topology, where devices were connected to a single communication line. The experiment
highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate network topology for specific use
cases. For example, a star topology may be suitable for small networks with a limited
number of devices, while a mesh topology may be more appropriate for larger networks that
require redundancy and high availability.
Experiment Name: Study on Network Layer and Data Link Layer using
Packet Tracer
Date of Experiment: 06/03/2023

Aim:
To study the Network Layer and Data Link Layer using Packet Tracer software.

Materials Required:
Packet Tracer software

Procedure:
1. Select some end devices and paste them on the screen.
2. Assign IP address and Subnet mask to all the selected devices.
3. Select a switch and paste it on the screen.
4. Connect the switch to all the devices on the screen with the help of a copper straight-
through cable.
5. Repeat all the above 4 steps to make another LAN and paste it beside the previous
LAN.
6. Now select a router and place it on the screen in the middle of the two switches.
7. Now take two copper straight-through cables and connect the router to both switches.
8. Assign gateway in both the LANs by clicking on the device, going to Desktop,
clicking on IP Configuration, assign gateway of the LAN in Default Gateway.
9. Click on Router, go to Config, click on FastEthernet0/0(for first LAN,1/0 for second
LAN), and insert the gateway of the connected LAN(here LAN is connected to 0/0, so
we have to insert the first LAN gateway here) and then click on tab button to get the
subnet mask.
10. Repeat the above step to insert the gateway value of LAN2 in the router.
11. After assigning the gateway in the router, now assign a process by clicking on “Add
Simple PDU(Packet Data Unit)” or a message and select the source and destination
devices to transfer packets from one device to another device.
12. When we assign the source and destination of the process, a packet/message appears
on the source/destination device. When we click on that packet, we get the details of
each layer in the window called PDU information at the Device and OSI Model
Column. We can also observe Inbound and Outbound PDU Details of both source and
destination.
Observations:
Conclusion:
Packet Tracer software provides us with a powerful platform to study the Network Layer and
Data Link Layer. By creating and configuring network topologies, we can gain practical
experience and a better understanding of how these layers work in real-world networking
scenarios. Packet Tracer's simulation mode allows us to test network traffic and connectivity
and troubleshoot issues. Studying these layers using Packet Tracer can help us improve our
networking skills and prepare for real-world networking scenarios.