SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 5

Q. 1. (A) 
(i) (D)

(ii) (C)

(iii) (B)

(iv) (C)

(v) (A)
Q. 1. (B)
(i) True
(ii) IRNSS : Direction showing satellite : : INSAT : Weather satellite

(iii) generator
(iv) A component used to control the current  resistor
(v) Nearsightedness _ Image in front of the retina

Q. 2. (A)
(i) (1) Naphthalene is an unsaturated compound. In unsaturated hydrocarbon
the proportion of carbon is larger than that of saturated hydrocarbon.
As a result, some unburnt carbon particles are also formed during
combustion of unsaturated compounds.

(2) In the flame, these unburnt hot carbon particles emit yellow light and
therefore the flame appears yellow. Hence, naphthalene burns with a
yellow flame.

(ii) (1) The rays of light coming from the bottom of a pond bend away from
the normal as they travel from water (denser medium) to air (rarer
medium).

(2) Hence, they appear to come from a point above the actual point from
which they come. Therefore, the bottom of the pond appears raised.

(iii) (1) In cold countries, in winter, the temperature of the atmosphere falls
below 0 °C. When the temperature of water falls below 4 °C, it expands.
Hence, the water in pipes expands. Even if ice is formed, there is an
increase in the volume.

(2) As there is no room for expansion, water (or ice) exerts a large pressure
on the pipes. Hence, the pipelines carrying water burst.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 1
Q. 2. (B)
(i) Data : P1  100 W, P2  60 W, V  220 V
P
I?  I
V
P P
P  VI  I1  1 and I2  2
V V
Current in the main conductor, I  I1  I2 ( parallel connection )
P1 P2 P  P2 100 W  60 W 160
   1   A
V V V 220 V 220

 0.727 A  nearly 0.73 A.

(ii) 

Common name Structural formula IUPAC name

acetic acid CH3COOH ethanoic acid

acetone CH3 CO  CH3 propan-2-one

(iii) The amount of heat energy absorbed at constant temperature by a unit

mass of liquid to convert into gaseous phase is called the specific latent
heat of vapourization.

(iv) Manganese dioxide reacts with hydrochloric acid and forms Manganese
chloride, water and chlorine.

MnO2  4HCl ¾® MnCl2  2H2O  Cl2 

Manganese Manganese
Dioxide chloride

(v) 

Universal Gravitational
gravitational constant acceleration of the earth

1. The universal gravitational 1. The gravitational acceleration

constant numerically equals of the earth is the acceleration
the force of attraction between produced in a body due to the
two unit masses separated by gravitational force of the earth.
a unit distance.

2. Its value remains constant 2. Its value changes from place

throughout the universe. to place.

3. It has magnitude but not 3. It has both magnitude and
direction. direction.

4. Its SI unit is N.m2/kg2. 4. Its SI unit is m/s2.

( Note : Students should write any two points.)

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
Q. 3.

(i) Froth floatation method : The froth floatation method is based on the two
opposite properties, hydrophilic and hydrophobic, of the particles. The metal
sulphides particles get wet mainly with oil due to their hydrophobic property.
The gangue particles get wet with water due to the hydrophilic property.

Froth floatation method

  In this method the finely ground mineral is put into a big tank containing
a lot of water. The finely powdered ore and vegetable oil such as pine oil,
eucalyptus oil are mixed with water for formation of froth. The pressurised air
is blown through the mixture. There is a agitator rotating around its axis in
the centre of the floatation tank. The agitator is used as per the requirement.
Bubbles are formed due to the blown air. A foam is formed from oil, water
and air bubbles together, due to the agitating. This foam rises to the surface
of the water and floats. Hence this method is called froth floatation. Sulphide
minerals float with the foam on water as they get and can be removed. The
gangue particles are wetted by water, settles down at the bottom. This method
is used for concentration of zinc blend (ZnS) and copper pyrite (CuFeS2).

(ii) Escape velocity, vesc 

 2GM
R
GM
Now, g 
R2
 GM  gR2

 vesc 
 2gR 2 2gR.
R


When a body is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth, the
minimum initial velocity of the body for which the body is able to overcome
the downward pull by the earth and can escape the earth forever is called the
escape velocity.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 3
 (iii) CuO  H2  Cu  H2O

(a) The reductant in the given reaction is H2.

(b) The oxidant in the given reaction is CuO.

(c) Example :

2H2S  SO2 ¾® 3S  2H2O

(iv) (a) In the given figure, following principle is explained :

A force is exerted on the current-carrying conductor.

(b) Fleming’s left hand rule is used to find out the direction of force in the
given figure.

(c) Above principle is used in electric motor.

Electric Motor

(v) (1) Corrosion of a metal can be prevented if the contact between metal and air
is cut off.

(2) Corrosion of a metal is prevented by coating with something which does

not allow moisture and oxygen to react with it.

(3) A layer of oil or paint or grease is applied on the surface of a metal to

prevent corrosion. The rusting or corrosion of iron can be prevented by
this method.

(4) Corrosion is also prevented by coating a corrosive metal with a noncorrosive

metal. Galvanising, tinning, electroplating, anodising and alloying are the
different methods in which a metal is coated with a noncorrosive metal to
prevent corrosion.

 (Write any three methods)

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
 (vi) 

Points

Hypermetropia
(1) Name of the defect. Myopia (nearsightedness)
(farsightedness)

(2) Where will the In front of the retina Behind the retina

image form ? instead of on the retina instead of on the retina

(3) Which type of lens

is used in the A concave lens of proper A convex lens of proper
spectacle to remove focal length focal length
the defect ?

(vii) Orbit of a satellite is its path around the earth.

Orbits of artificial satellites can be classified on various basis.
(1) On the basis of the angle of the orbital plane : Orbital plane of a satellite
can be the equatorial plane of the earth or it can be at an angle to it.
(2) On the basis of the nature of the orbit : Orbital plane can be circular or
elliptical in shape.
(3) On the basis of the height of the satellite : Orbit of a satellite can be HEO,
MEO or LEO.
(i) High Earth Orbit (HEO) satellite : A satellite orbiting at a height
equal to or greater than 35780 km above the earth’s surface is called a
High Earth Orbit satellite.

(ii) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite : A satellite orbiting at a height

between 2000 km and 35780 km above the earth’s surface is called a
Medium Earth Orbit satellite.
(iii) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite : A satellite orbiting at a height
between 180 km and 2000 km above the earth’s surface is called a Low
Earth Orbit satellite.

(viii) Write the structural formulae for the following IUPAC names :

(a) Pent-2-one :
(1) Pent stands for 5 carbon atoms in a chain. Number the carbon atoms in
1 2 3 4 5
a chain as 1, 2, 3, ... .   C   C   C   C   C
O
(2) ‘one’ stands for functional group
C


ketone. The number assigned

for the ketone group is 2. Show the ketone group at C2.

O

C   C   C   C   C
1 2 3 4 5

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 5
 (3) Now satisfy the valencies of each carbon atom
H O H H H
|  | | |
H C  C  C  C  CH 
| | | |
H H H H
O

C
CH3   CH2  CH2  CH3
O

CH3  C  CH2  CH2  CH3
(b) Butanone :
(1) But stands for 4 carbon atoms in a chain and the parent alkane is butane.
Number the carbon atoms in a chain 1, 2, 3, ... .
1 2 3 4
C   C   C   C O

(2) ‘-one’ stands for functional group
  ketone. The number
assigned for the ketone group is 2. Show the ketone group at C .
C

2
O

C   C   C   C
1 2 3 4

(3) Now satisfy the valencies of each carbon atom

O H H
H O

| | | 
H  C  C  C  C  H  CH3  C  CH2  CH3
| | |
H H H
O

CH3  C  CH2  CH3
(c) Propan-2-ol :
(1) Propan stands for 3 carbon atoms in a chain. Number the carbon atom
in a chain as 1, 2, 3.
1 2 3
  C   C   C 
(2) ‘- ol’ stands for (  OH) hydroxyl group. The number assigned for the
hydroxyl group is 2. Show the  OH group at C2.
OH
|
C   C   C
1 2 3

(3) Now satisfy the valencies of each carbon atom

H OH H
| | |
H  C  C  C  H  CH3  CH  CH3
| | | |
H H H OH

CH3  CH  CH3
|
OH

6 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
Q. 4.

(i) (1) The formation of a rainbow in the sky is a combined result of refraction,

dispersion, internal reflection and again refraction of sunlight by water
droplets present in the atmosphere after it has rained.

Formation of a rainbow (Schematic diagram)

(2) The sunlight is a mixture of seven colours : violet, indigo, blue, green,

yellow, orange and red.

After it has stopped raining, the atmosphere contains a large number of

water droplets. When sunlight is incident on a water droplet, there is
(i) refraction and dispersion of light as it passes from air to water
(ii) internal reflection of light inside the droplet and (iii) refraction of light
as it passes from water to air.

(3) The refractive index of water is different for different colours, being

maximum for violet and minimum for red. Hence, there is dispersion of
light ( separation into different colours ) as it passes from air to water. [ See
Fig. for reference. ]

(4) The combined action of different water droplets, acting like tiny prisms, is
to produce a rainbow with red colour at the outer side and violet colour at
the inner side. The remaining five colours lie between these two.

  The rainbow is seen when the sun is behind the observer and water
droplets in the front.

(ii) (a) The above elements belong to group 1.

(b) The above elements arranged vertically downward in an increasing order

of atomic radii :
Li Na K Rb Cs
152 186 231 244 262

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 7
 (c) This arrangement match with the pattern of the group 1 of the modern

periodic table in an increasing order of atomic radii.

(d) The biggest atom : Cs

The smallest atom : Li

(e) While going down a group, atomic number increases, atomic radius

increases. Therefore atomic size gradually increases.

8 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]