SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 1

Q. 1. (A)
(i) (D)
(ii) (D)
(iii) (B)
(iv) (D)
(v) (D)
Q. 1. (B)
(i) Sodium chloride. (Others are organic compounds.)
(ii) True
(iii) Vertical columns
1
(iv) Power of a lens :
f
(v) A compound microscope

Q. 2. (A)
(i) 
(1) 
The mass (m) of an object is the amount of matter present in it. It is a
measure of the inertia of the object. Hence, it is constant.
(2) 
The weight of an object is the force with which the earth attracts the
body towards the centre of the earth. Weight, W  mg. As the value of the
acceleration due to gravity (g) changes from place to place, the weight of an
object changes from place to place.

(ii) (1) In the atoms of the inert gas elements ( zero group elements ), all the electronic

shells, including the outermost shell, are completely filled.

(2) 
The electronic configuration is stable, and these elements do not lose or
accept electrons. These elements do not take part in chemical reactions.
These elements are gases. Hence, they are called noble gases.
(iii) 
(1) 
The intensity of light emitted by the filament of a bulb depends on the
temperature of the filament. It increases with the temperature.
(2) The melting point of the material used to make the filament of a bulb should
be very high so that the filament can be heated to a high temperature by
passing a current through it, without melting it. This enables us to obtain
more light. The melting point of tungsten is very high. Hence, tungsten is
used to make a solenoid type coil (filament) in an electric bulb.
Q. 2. (B)

(i) Solution : Data : m  500 g,  T  20 °C, c  0.110 cal/g. °C

Heatneeded to raise the temperature of a piece of iron 

 mc  T
 500 g  0.110 cal/g. °C  20 °C
 1100 cal.
Ans. Quantity of heat needed is 1100 calories.
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 (ii) Metals Nonmetals
1. Metals have a lustre. 1. 
Nonmetals have no lustre.
Exception : Iodine and Diamond.
2. They are generally good conductors 2. 
They are bad conductors of heat
of heat and electricity. and electricity. Exception : Graphite.
They are generally solids at room 3. They are generally gases and solids
3. 
temperature. Exception : Mercury at room temperature. Exception :
and gallium are liquids. Bromine is a liquid.
4. Metals form basic oxides. 4. 
Nonmetals form acidic or neutral
oxides.

(iii) Common name Structural formula IUPAC name

Acetylene HC  CH Ethyne

Acetic Acid CH3  COOH Ethanoic acid

Methyl alcohol CH3  OH Methanol

(iv) Moon missions :

(1) As of now, only Russia, USA, European Union, China, Japan and India have

successfully undertaken moon missions. Russia executed 15 moon missions

between 1959 and 1976. Of these, last 4 missions brought the stone samples

from the moon for study and analysis. All these missions were unmanned.

USA executed moon missions between 1962 and 1972. Some of these

missions were unmanned.

(2) India has undertaken the moon mission.

(3) The historic moon mission took place on 20th July, 1969, when American

astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first human to step on the moon.

(4) 
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched

Chandrayaan–I and placed it in orbit of the moon. It sent useful information

to the earth for about a year. The most important discovery made during the

mission was the presence of water on the moon’s surface. India was the first

country to discover this.

(v) Laws of refraction of light :

(1) The incident ray and the refracted ray are on the opposite sides of the normal

to the surface at the point of incidence and all the three, i.e., the incident ray,

the refracted ray and the normal are in the same plane.

(2) For a given pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the

sine of the angle of refraction is constant (Snell’s law). This constant is called

the refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium.

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Q. 3.

(i) (a) Valency of element is 2.
(b) Atomic number is 12.
(c) The element is Magnesium (Mg).
(ii) 
The reaction which involves simultaneous oxidation and reduction is called an
oxidation-reduction or redox reaction.
In a redox reaction, one reactant gets oxidized while the other gets reduced during
the reaction.
Redox reaction  Reduction  Oxidation
In redox reaction, the reductant is oxidized by the oxidant and the oxidant is
reduced by the reductant.
Example : CuO(s)  H2(g) IIIIJ Cu(s)  H2O
In this reaction, oxygen is removed from copper oxide; therefore it is a reduction
of CuO, while hydrogen accepts oxygen to form water that means oxidation of
hydrogen takes place. Thus, oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously.

(iii) 
Reactant Product Type of chemical reaction
BaCl2ZnSO4 BaSO4  ZnCl2 Double displacement

2AgCl 2Ag  Cl2 Decomposition

CuSO4  Fe FeSO4  Cu Displacement

H2O  CO2 H2CO3 Combination

(iv) Solution : Data : P   1.5 D, f  ?

1 1
Focal length of the lens, f  
P 1.5 D
10
 m  0.6667 m  0.67 m
15

P is positive. This shows that the lens is convex. The defect of vision is farsightedness
(hypermetropia).
(v) A man-made object orbiting the earth or any other planet is called an artificial

satellite.
Two artificial satellites : (a) Navigational satellite (b) Earth observation satellite.
Function of a Navigational satellite : These satellites assist the user with current live
maps as well as real time traffic conditions.
Function of an Earth observation satellite : These satellites help us to collect the
information about resources, their management, continuous observation about a
natural phenomenon and the changes within it.
(vi) a : Incident ray

b : Refracted ray
c : Emergent ray

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 (vii) Principle of heat exchange : If a system of two objects is isolated from the

environment by keeping it inside a heat resistant box, then no energy can leave the
box or enter the box. In this situation, heat energy lost by the hot object  heat
energy gained by the cold object.
Explanation : Suppose two objects A and B at different temperatures T1 and T2
respectively are enclosed in a box of heat resistant material as shown in figure given
below.

Let m1  mass of A,
m2  mass of B,
Hot Cold c1  specific heat capacity of A,
object object c2 specific heat capacity of B and T  common
A B temperature attained by A and B after the heat
exchange between A and B. Here, no heat

Box of a heat resistant material

leaves the box or enters the box from outside.

If T1  T2, heat energy lost by A (Q1)  heat energy gained by B (Q2).

 m1c1 (T1 – T)  m2 c2 (T – T2 )
(viii) (a) If the number of electrons in the outermost orbit is less, then the metal is more

reactive. Metal A contains one electron in the outermost shell while metal B
contains two electrons. Hence metal A is more reactive than metal B.
(b) Metal A : Sodium, Metal B : Magnesium.
(c) Reaction of Na and Mg with dil. HCl are,
2Na  2HCl  2NaCl  H2
Mg  2HCl  MgCl2  H2
Q. 4.
(i) (a) Homologous series : The series of compounds formed by joining the same
functional group in place of a particular hydrogen atom on the chains having
sequentially increasing length is called homologous series.
(b) Characteristics of Homologous series : (a) Two adjacent members of the series
differ by only one – CH2 – ( methylene ) unit (b) Their mass differ by 14 units.
(c) First four homologous series of alcohols :
(1) Methanol CH3  OH
(2) Ethanol C2H5  OH
(3) Propanol C3H7  OH
(4) Butanol C4H9  OH
(ii) (a) Magnetic effect of electric current.

(b) The deflection of the magnetic needle will increase.
(c) The intensity of the magnetic field will decrease, and hence the deflection of the
magnetic needle will decrease.
(d) The magnetic needle will be deflected in the opposite sense.
(e) Electric motor, electric bell.

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