PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS
on Quezon Memorial Circle.
1) GENERAL EMILIO AGUINALDO
- First president of the Philippines First
Republic (Malolos Republic)
- youngest president
- he became the country’s leader at age of
28
- longest-lived president died at 94
- one of the active leaders of KKK
- Signed the Pact of Biak na Bato, creating a
truce between the Spanish and Philippine
revolutionaries.
- known as the President of the
3) JOSE P. LAUREL
Revolutionary Government
- he fought against the Spanish and
American to retain our independence
- Featured in the front and back of the
Philippine 5-peso bill (not circulated
anymore)
- waved the Philippine flag in declaring the
independence of the Philippines in 1898
- led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine
War and the American-Philippine War
- led the proclamation of the Philippine
Independence.
2) MANUEL L. QUEZON
- first president of the Commonwealth of
the Philippines.
- known as the “Father of National
Language” (Ama ng Wikang Pambansa)
- died of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New
York.
- first Senate president elected as President
of the Philippines
- first president elected through a national
election
- first president under the Commonwealth
- created National Council of Education
- initiated women’s suffrage in the
4) SERGIO OSMENA SR.
Philippines during the Commonwealth
- approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national
language of the Philippines
- his body lies within the special monument
- a province, a city, a bridge and a university
in Manila are named after him.
- featured in the 20-peso bill, for the
Declaration of Filipino as the national
language
- first Filipino featured on the cover of TIME
Magazine
- fought for the passage of the Tydings-
McDuffie Act (1934)
- ranked 4th in the Philippine Bar Exam in
1903
- the third to sit at the office during Japanese
occupation of World War II
- “Puppet Republic”
- was the only Filipino president to have
been shot outside of combat
- criticized as a traitor by some, his
indictment for treason was superseded
later by an amnesty proclamation in 1948.
- only Philippine president who served the
three branches of government – he became
a senator, congressman, associate justice,
and president
- organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa
Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas) or
Association for Service to the New
Philippines), a provisional government
during Japanese occupation.
- was assassinated twice, but he survived
and recovered
- declared Martial Law and war between the
Philippines and the U.S./United Kingdom in
1944.
- founder of the Lyceum of the Philippines
- ranked 2nd in the Philippine Bar Exam in
1915
- 4th president of the Philippines and the
2nd president of the Commonwealth
 - during his presidency, the Philippines
joined the International Monetary Fund.
- became president at 65, making him the
second oldest president to hold office
- first Visayan to become president
- joined with US Gen. Douglas McArthur in
Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin
restoration of Philippine freedom after
Japanese occupation.
- Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated
and the country joined the International
Monetary Fund
- founder of the Nacionalista Party
- ranked 2nd in the Philippine Bar Exam in
1903
- Founder and Editor of a Spanish
newspaper, El Nuevo Dia, in Cebu City
- featured in the 50-peso bill, First Philippine
Assembly, Leyte Landing.
5) MANUEL A. ROXAS
- was the 5th president of the Philippines,
the 3rd (and last) president under the
Commonwealth, and the 1st president of
the Third Republic of the Philippines.
- held office for only one year, 10 months,
and 18 days.
- Inaugurated as the first president of the
new Republic after the World War II.
- In his time, the country has started
reconstruction from war damage and the
Philippines started breathing without
foreign rule.
- the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and
Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by
the congress
- featured in the 100-peso bill
- Ranked 1st in the Philippine Bar Exam in
1913
- Signed the Treaty of General Relations¬
based on this treaty, the United States
withdrew and surrendered all rights of
supervision, control or sovereignty over the
Philippines
- Philippine Trade Act, also known as the
Bell Trade Act, provided for the
continuation of free trade with the
Philippines and the United States from
1946-1954.
- Philippine Rehabilitation Act, also known
as the Tydings Rehabilitation Act,
resulted to the creation of the Philippine
War Damage Commission to take charge of
war damage payments.
- Parity Rights- grant US citizens and
corporations the same rights as Filipinos in
the utilization and exploitation of Philippine
natural resources.
- Military Base Agreement - gave US free use
of 23 base sites for 99 years (shortened to
25 years in 1959) renewable in the
expiration of the treaty.
6) ELPIDIO R. QUIRINO
- 6th president of the Philippines and the
2nd president of the Third Republic
- served as vice president under Manuel
Roxas – when Roxas died in 1948, Quirino
became president in the age of 57.
- First President from Ilocos
- created Social Security Commission
- created Integrity Board to monitor graft
and corruption
- In 1948, Quezon City was the capital of the
Philippines
- peso and dollar exchange rate at his time
was 1 US = P2
- Hukbalahap Guerrilla movement was active
during his presidency
- Two principal objectives:
-economic reconstruction
-restoration of people's trust and
confidence in the government
- Created the President's Action Committee
on Social Amelioration (PACSA) and the
Agricultural Credit Cooperatives Financing
Administration (ACCFA) to help farmers in
marketing their crops.
- Established rural banks to provide credit
facilities in the barrios
 - Total Economic Mobilization Program- to
employ natural resources, manpower, and
technical knowledge for economics
progress.
- Established (LASEDECO Law Settlement
and Development Corp.) for landless
farmers .
- Ranked 2nd in the Philippine Bar Exam in
1915
7) RAMON MAGSAYSAY SR.
- 7th president of the Philippines and the 3rd
president of the Third Republic
- Man of the Masses- promised to give
9) DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
common tao justice
- Opened the gates of Malacanang Palace to
the masss
- died in an aircraft disaster while boarding
the presidential plane.
- first president who sworn into the office
wearing Barong Tagalog during the
inauguration
- led to defeat the Hukbalahap movement
- Chairman of the Committee on Guerrilla
Affairs
- his presidency was referred to as the
Philippines’ “Golden Years” for it was the
cleanest and lack of corruption
- Philippines was ranked second in Asia’s
clean and well-governed countries during
his presidency
- established the National Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA)
among other agrarian reforms
- made the Philippines a member of the
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
8) CARLOS P. GARCIA
- lawyer, poet, and teacher
- the 8th president of the Philippines and 4th
president of the Third Republic
- served as a guerrilla leader during the
Pacific War Born in Bohol, served as the
10) FERDINAND E. MARCOS
vice president of Ramon Magsaysay and
secretary of Foreign Affairs for 4 years
- became president when Magsaysay died in
1957
- known for promoting “Filipino First Policy,”
which favored Filipino businesses over
foreign investors
- established the Austerity Program focusing
on Filipino trade and commerce
- Famous poet and known as the “Prince of
Visayan Poets” and the “Bard from Bohol.”
- the first president to have his remains
buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
- ranked 7th in the Philippine Bar Exam in
1923
- 9th president of the Philippines
- a lawyer and economist, born in Lubao,
Pampanga Father of Gloria Macapagal
Arroyo
- Poor boy of Lubao
- ranked 1st in the Philippine Bar Exam in
1936
- Established the first Land Reform Law,
allowing for the purchase of private
farmland to be distributed in inexpensive,
small lots to the landless
- placed the Philippine peso on the free
currency exchange market and encouraged
exports
- was Philippine representative to the United
Nations General Assembly three times
- made June 12 1898 as the Philippines’
Independence Day
- signed the Minimum Wage Law
- signed the law to create the Philippine
Veteran’s Bank
- established the Land Bank of the
Philippines
- featured in the 200-peso bill
 - 10th president of the Philippines and the
last president of the Third Republic
- “Make this country great again”
- one of the most controversial leaders of the
20th century
- a lawyer and Senate President for three
years
- ruled the Philippines for 21 years and was
removed from office after the People
Power Revolution.
- First president to win a second term.
- declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972 by
virtue of Proclamation No. 1081
- increased the size of Philippine military and
armed forces.
- by 1980 the Philippine GNP was four times
greater than 1972.
- by 1986 the Philippines was one of the
12) FIDEL V. RAMOS
most indebted countries in Asia.
- built more schools, roads, bridges,
hospitals, and other infrastructure than all
former presidents combined
- only president whose remains are interred
inside a refrigerated crypt
- the longest-ruling president of the
Philippines, he ruled for 21 years
- ranked 1st in the Philippine Bar Exam in
1939
11) CORAZON C. AQUINO
- the 1st woman president of the
Philippines
- the 1st woman to become president of an
Asian country
- a democracy icon
- 1 of the 100 Women Who Shaped World
History 20 Most Influential Asians of the
20th Century
- was a prominent figure in the People Power
Revolution that brought down Ferdinand
Marcos' dictatorship.
- Restored democracy.
- abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution
and ushered in the new Constitution of the
Philippines.
- reorganized the structure of the executive
branch of government.
- 1987 Constitution
- signed the Family Code of 1987, a major
civil law reform, and 1191 Local
Government Code, which reorganized the
structure of the executive branch of
government
- initiated charitable and social activities
helping the poor and the needy
- Generics Law of 1988
- CARL – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Law
- Named “Woman of the Year” in 1986 by
TIME magazine
- featured on the new 500-peso bill together
with her husband, Benigno Aquino Jr.
- Ramos is the 12th president of the
Philippines
- chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines before he became president
- was also a civil engineer
- Philippines 2000
- restored economic growth and stability in
the country, even during the Asian Financial
Crisis in 1997
- the first, and the only non- Catholic
president of the Philippines.
- was widely credited as the most effective
president because he led the Philippines to
economic growth.
- during his time, the Philippines was cited as
Asia’s Next Economic Tiger because he
brought back economic growth
- promoted family-planning practices to help
to solve the country’s growing population
- Hosted the 4th Asia Pacific Economic
Cooperation Leader’s Summit (APEC) in the
Philippines in 1996
- signed peace talks and agreement with the
rebels such as the Moro National Liberation
Front and New People’s Army
 - received British Knighthood from Her
Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand
Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St.
George)
- The Philippine Stock Exchange became an
international favorite during his presidency
- Ranked 8th in the Philippine Civil
Engineering Licensure
- death penalty was reinstated while he was
in office
- the only military officer who reached the
rank of five stars general/admiral de jure
who rose from second lieutenant up to
commander-in-chief of the armed forces
13) JOSEPH E. ESTRADA
- Estrada is the 13th president of the
Philippines and the 1st film actor to
become a president in the country
- Father of the Masses
- during his years in office, economic growth
was slow, and he faced impeachment
proceedings
- became the first president in Asia to be
impeached from an executive role
- 2nd one who was forced to leave the office
because of People Power III in Edsa
- was ousted from the presidency in 2001.
14) GLORIA MACAPAGALA ARROYO
- the 14th president of the Philippines
- the 2nd female president
- the first Filipino president whose parent
was a former president
- “Strong Republic”
- the Hello Garci disgrace
- the peso strengthened by nearly 20% in
making it the best performing currency of
the year in Asia in 2007.
- Philippine economy grew at its fastest in 3
decades in 2007, GDP exceeding 7% growth
- First president to take oath outside Luzon
- -eVAT Law was implemented under her
term
15) BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III
- 15th president of the Philippines
- the first bachelor president
- created the no “wang-wang” (street siren)
policy
- “Daang Matuwid”
- Initiated shifting to K-12 education in the
Philippines
- Won in the first ever automated election
- Peace agreement with the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front in October 2012 thru
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement.
- Oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine
economy in 2012 besting other South East
Asian Countries.
- Signed the Human Rights Victims
Reparation and Recognition Act of 2013
(RA10368),
- Changed the Philippines’ reputation as “the
sick man of Asia” to “brightest spot in
Asia”
- Signed a landmark law mandating the state
free contraceptives to poor couples and
teach sex education in schools.
- Filed a suit at a UN linked international
arbitration tribunal in The Hague to
invalidate China’s claim of Philippine
claimed territories in the West Philippine
Sea.
16) RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE
- the 16th president of the Philippines
- a lawyer, prosecutor and politician of
Visayan descent from the southern island
of Mindanao
- transformed one of the most dangerous
cities (Davao) into one of the world’s safest
when he was a mayor.
- He was 71 when he became president –
making him the oldest president to hold
office
- Duterte has made impressive progress in
asserting
- Philippine sovereignty and dignity in the
international arena, in aligning the country
 with Asian values instead of Hollywood
manufactured cultural norms
- April 3, 2017, Universal Access to Quality
Tertiary Education Act, was signed into law,
paving the way for free college education in
all state colleges and universities.
- September 21, 2018, Duterte signed
Administrative Order No. 13, removing
non-tariff barriers in the importation of
agricultural products, to address soaring
inflation rates.
- The permanent court of Arbitration
awarded a landmark victory to the
Philippines, winning all arguments against
China.
- He initiated decongesting the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport in Manila, the
country’s main gateway
- Duterte launched a 24-hour complaint
hotline, 8888
- Boracay Island, Manila Bay, Laguna Lake
was rehabilitated during his term
- Launched the Build! Build! Build!
Infrastructure Program
- signed the TRAIN Law – Tax Reform for
Acceleration and Inclusion – and
Comprehensive Tax Reform Program
- Anti-Drug Campaign
- “Change is Coming”
17) FERDINAND R. MARCOS JR.
- commonly referred to as Bongbong and by
the initials BBM
- campaign for the Presidency was anchored
on the theme of unity
- won by a landslide with more than 31
million votes, about 58.8 percent of the
total vote, the highest margin of victory in
the country since 1981
- early terms focused on economic recovery
from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
- which the members of the (Katipunan)
Philippine History Trivias
1. Who led the longest revolt in the Philippines
during the Spanish times?
Answer: Francisco Dagohoy
• It lasted for 85 years (1744-1829). Francisco
Dagohoy rose in rebellion because a Jesuit
priest refused to give his brother, Sagarino,
a Christian burial as he had died in a duel.
2. Who was the Spanish governor-general who
ordered the deportation of Jose Rizal to Dapitan?
Answer: Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol
• Jose Rizal was deported days after he
founded the La Liga Filipina on July 6, 1892.
La Liga Filipina, ostensibly a civic
association composed of Filipinos that had
as its motto 'Unus Instar Omnium' ('One
Like All'), was considered by the Spanish
authorities as "dangerous".
3. What was the name of the Filipino soldier who
led the Cavite Mutiny of 1872?
Answer: Sergeant Lamadrid
• Ferdinand La Madrid was a mestizo
sergeant who led the mutiny after Spanish
authorities subjected his co-soldiers at the
Engineering and Artillery Corps to personal
taxes from which they had previously been
exempted. The taxes obliged them to pay a
monetary sum and to do the "polo y
servicio" or forced labor!
4. Who wrote the "Kartilla", considered the 'bible'
of the Katipunan movement?
Answer: Emilio Jacinto
• Jacinto was the adviser on fiscal matters
and secretary to Andrés Bonifacio, the
leader of the Katipunan movement. The
primer he wrote consisted of 13 teachings
were expected to follow. "A life that is not
dedicated to a noble cause is like a tree
without a shade or a poisonous weed" was
one of the 13 teachings. Jacinto was also
 the editor of the Katipunan newspaper
called "Kalayaan", which translates to
"Freedom".
5. Who created the designs for the Philippine
national flag?
Answer: Emilio Aguinaldo
• General Emilio Aguinaldo, while in exile in
Hong Kong in 1897, conceived the design
for the flag, drawing inspiration from the
flags used by the Katipunan and the Cuban
revolutionaries. The flag had blue and red
horizontal bands with a white triangle at
the flag's left side. Inside the triangle was a
yellow sun with eight rays, representing the
first eight provinces which had revolted
against the Spaniards. At each corner of the
triangle were the three stars for the three
main islands of the Philippines (Luzon,
Visayas and Mindanao). The flag was sewn
by Agoncillo with her daughter Lorenza,
and Doña Delfina Herbosa de Natividad,
Jose Rizal's niece.
6. Who was the last general of the Filipino-
American revolution to surrender to the
Americans?
Answer: Simeon Ola
• He surrendered through Colonel Bandholtz
in Guinobatan, Albay Province on
September 25, 1903 and then took the
oath of allegiance to the United States.
7. Which of the following former presidents died in
a plane crash?
Answer: Ramon Magsaysay
• On March 16, 1957, he, together with some
friends and newspapermen went to Cebu
on a speaking engagement. At a little past
midnight, March 17, he boarded on the
plane 'Mt. Pinatubo' for Manila. The plane
unfortunately crashed into a mountain in
Cebu. He and his companions were killed,
except for Néstor Mata, a newspaperman.
8. Who named the country 'Islas de San Lazaro'?
Answer: Ferdinand Magellan
• It was Easter Sunday then, March 31, 1521,
the feast day of St. Lazarus.
9. What was the first name of Diego Silang's wife
who continued the revolt against the Spaniards in
the Ilocos region after Diego's death?
Answer: Gabriela
• She was the first Filipino woman to lead a
revolt against the Spaniards. She led the
group for four months after her husband's
death before she was captured and
executed in Vigan, Ilocos Sur on September
20, 1763.
10. Who was the hero of the Battle at Tirad Pass?
Answer: Gregorio del Pilar
• The Battle of Tirad Pass, sometimes
referred to as the "Philippine
Thermopylae", was a battle in the
Philippine-American War fought on
December 2, 1899 in Tirad Pass, a narrow
trail leading to Cervantes, a town in Ilocos
Sur. The 60-man Filipino contingent was
commanded by Brigadier General Gregorio
del Pilar but they were later defeated by
the American soldiers under Major Peyton
C. March. Del Pilar was "one of the
youngest generals in the Philippine
Revolutionary Forces during the Philippine
Revolution and the Philippine-American
War." Of the 60 Filipinos, 52, including Del
Pilar, were either killed or wounded.
11. The Hispanic Period had started in the
Philippines in 1500s. Who was the first Governor of
the Philippines?
Answer: Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
• In 1572, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi became
the first Governor of the Philippines and
established a government together with
Augustinian and Dominican friars.
12. For how many years did Spanish rule last in the
Philippines?
Answer: 333
• The Spaniards occupied the Philippines
from 1565 to 1898, exactly 333 years.
Spanish rule ended after the signing of the
Treaty of Paris in 1898, which withdrew
Spain from the Philippines, Guam, Cuba
and Puerto Rico.
13. Raja Lakandula and Raja Sulayman revolted
against Governor Guido de Lavezaris, because of
the abuses by the Spaniards. What is the revolt
called?
Answer: Manila Revolt
• The successor to Miguel Lopez de Legaspi,
Governor-General Guido Lavezaris, had
sequestered all the properties of the
Rajahs. The revolt failed because of the
loyalty of the Spanish and Filipino troops to
the Governor-General.
14. Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal is Philippines' national
hero because of his large contribution to
independence during the 19th century. What was
his main weapon against the Spaniards?
Answer: Pen
• The proverb "the pen is mightier than the
sword" was used with reference to
novelists like him. His many literary works
include the novels "Noli Me Tangere"
("Touch Me Not"), "El Filibusterismo" ("The
Reign of Greed"), and the poem "Mi Ultimo
Adios" ("Farewell, Beloved Country").
15. Jose Rizal and other Illustrados (Spanish for
Filipino intellectuals) had established this group of
propaganda writers. The name of this progressive
society newspaper against Spain was
_______________.
Answer: La Solidaridad
• La Solidaridad ("The Solidarity") was
created in Barcelona, Spain on 13 th
December, 1888. These Illustrados used the
pen to express their freedom of speech
against the corrupt Spanish rulers.
11. Andres Bonifacio decided to persuade and talk
to Rizal on the upcoming revolution during the
latter's exile in Dapitan. Who did Bonifacio sent?
Answer: Pio Valenzuela
• Ex-La Liga Filipina (Spanish for "The
Philippine League") member and Katipunan
("Freedom" in Filipino) founder, Andres
Bonifacio, and his chancellors had decided
to persuade Dr. Rizal to join the Katipunans.
The Katipunan group sent Pio Valenzuela,
Dr. Rizal's friend, for the group's appeal but
Rizal refused to engage in violence.
12. Filipinos remembered Dr. Jose Rizal as the
patriot of the masses. He was executed by the
Spanish authorities in Luneta (Bagumbayan by
then), Manila in December 30, 1896. Which of
these capital punishments was used to execute
him?
Answer: Shooting
• During the Spanish period, the garotte and
shooting were the most common methods
of execution in the Philippines. In Dr. Rizal's
case, he was shot by the firing squad on
the morning of 30th December, 1896 for
treason (against Spain).
13. The massive raid in the printing press of "Diario
de Manila" (Spanish for "The Newspaper of
Manila") had alarmed the Katipunan members due
to the arrest of their several comrades. After the
second general meeting, these men decided to tear
up this important document. Which of these was
it?
Your Answer: residence certificates (cedula)
• The cause of "Cry of Pugadlawin" (The
word "cry" here means a rallying call or
signal and "Pugadlawin" means hawk's nest
in Filipino): The Katipunan existence was
revealed by Teodoro Patiño to his sister
 and later told to a priest about the
organization. The Spanish authorities had
arrested and executed several Katipunan
members after the raid on the printing
press.
• As the sign of commitment to the
Katipunans, Bonifacio and the large group
of Katipuneros tore up a "cedula" (Spanish
for residence certificate) in Pugadlawin,
Balintawak. The Katipunans dominated the
first battle in Calookan with the small
victory but they retreated in Mandaluyong,
then in Balara after the Spanish
reinforcements had defeated the forces of
the revolutionaries.
14. The Tejeros Convention happened in which
Philippine province?
Answer: Cavite
• Bonifacio was in negotiations aimed at
uniting the Katipuan factions in Tejeros,
Cavite. He was invited by Magdalo to settle
the governorship of the country, but
Magdalo settled for revolutionary
government and Magdiwang ("Celebrate"
in Filipino) agreed to retain Katipunan.
15. The Spanish-American War brought an end to
Spanish rule. In May 1898, the Americans, under
Commodore George Dewey won "The Battle of
______ ______".
• First Filipino Priest- Martin Lakandula
was ordained as an Augustinian priest in
1590
• First president from Mindanao- Rodrigo
Duterte
• First Battle- Battle of Mactan
• First Spanish governor general- Miguel
Lopez de Legaspi
• First archbishop- Domingo Salazar
• First revolt- revolt of Esteban Taes
• First man who used Filipino as title of
citizenship- Luis Rodriguez Varela
• First republic- Malolos Republic
 First president of Katipunan- Deodato
Arellano
• First Army Chief- General Artemio Ricarte
 First American civil governor- Williaam
Howard Taft
• First Filipino Chief Justice- Cayetano
Arellano
• First Labor Union- Union Obrera
Democratica, founded by lsabelo delos
Reyes
• First Speaker of Philippine Assembly- Sergio
Osmena
• First woman senator- Geronima Pecson
• First national artist- Fernando Amorsolo

Answer: Manila Bay

• "The Battle of Manila Bay" had lasted only

few hours during 1st of May 1898. The USS
Olympia and the fleet of ships under U.S.
Navy's Asiatic Squadron Commander,
Commodore George Dewey had dominated
the Manila Bay. The battle lasted only a few
hours till the Spanish fleet under Admiral
Patricio Montojo was defeated.

FIRSTS:

• First Filipino Christians- Rajah Humabon

and Rajah Kolambu
 A. Know and act upon the “ought to be” and the
“ought to do”
B. Be integrated in speech, feelings, thinking and
action
C. Be able to follow the dictates of one‟s
experience
D. Be acceptable by society

6. Without limiting the rights of parents to rear

their children, the constitution provides
compulsory
elementary education for _____
PLEASE READ AND MEMORIZE THESE QUESTIONS A. All school children of pre-school age
B. All children of school age
1. Ano ang pangalan ng alagang aso ni Dr. Jose C. All physically able individuals
Rizal? D. Adult citizens and out-of-school youth
A. Pandak
B. Bantay 7. He established the tobacco monopoly during the
C. Usman Spanish Era.
D. Ondo A. Jose Basco
B. Rafael Izquierdo
2. Being a rationalist in life, what was the reported C. Basilio Agustin
request of Dr. Jose Rizal to his executioners in D. Francisco Rizzo
Bagumbayan?
A. Not to miss their target 8. A candidate was detained for working against
B. Not to shoot him at the back political party. Which right can be invoked?
C. Shoot to kill A. Right to his political beliefs
D. Not to shoot him on the head B. Right to his aspirations
C. Right to seek redress
3. Voting is a privilege in a democracy. Those who D. Right to vote according to one‟s conscience
are deprived their votes are normally _____.
A. Franchised 9. The fundamental right invoked by filing the “writ
B. Exiled of amparo” is _____.
C. Disenfranchised A. The right to self defense
D. Execute B. The right to due process
C. The right to life, liberty, and security
4. How do countries register dislike or D. The right to be defended by a public attorney
disagreement of another country‟s discussion
through 10. A child after birth has a right to a name. This is
diplomatic means? actually:
A. File a diplomatic protest A. A right for just treatment
B. Recall all its nations B. A right for survival
C. Declare war immediately C. A right to suffrage
D. Retaliate by arresting nationals of the country D. A right to his identity

5. To be a moral person is to _____.

11. During the June 12, 1898 Declaration of
Independence, a band played the „Marcha 17. What does “capital” in economics refer to?
Nacional A. Investment and loss computed
Filipino.‟ What band was this? B. Outcome of a business transaction
A. Pangkatkawayan ng Pateros C. Money/machines invested to transact business
B. Kawit Cavite Band D. Profit and labor spent for the business
C. Malabon Band
D. San Francisco de Malabon 18. When a combination of independent business
organizations form to regulate production, pricing
12. Where would you commit a drug dependent for and marketing of goods by the members, which
him to achieve a natural, tensionless ad anxiety- term applies?
free state? A. Cartel
A. NFPI B. Monopoly
B. DARN (Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Network) C. Depression
C. DARE D. Inflation
D. Bukang Liwayway Center
19. Why is the Price Tag Law important?
13. Which human right violation is a deliberate and A. To show that the product is of high quality
systematic extermination of an ethnic or national B. To show the price and ask for more discount
group? C. To show the price and to attract buyers
A. Genocide D. To discourage and minimize price haggling
B. Politicide
C. Homicide 20. What goods are increasingly demanded when
D. Parricide income increases?
A. Substitute goods
14. To what classification of rights does the right to B. Normal goods
live and to love belong? C. Prestige goods
A. Political D. Inferior good
B. Natural
C. Statutory 21. Free trade means:
D. Constitutional A. Levels of taxing is mutual between countries
B. Goods are all imported
15. What does a professional code of ethics C. Goods come in untaxed
prescribe for all? D. Government restrict entry of identified goods
A. Moral standards and ethical behavior
B. Rules and regulations in practicing the profession 22. What does a “nuclear family” consist of:
C. Strict implementation of laws of the land A. Grandfathers and grandmothers
D. Civic-mindedness and social consciousness B. Father, mother, sons and daughters
C. Sons, daughters and cousins
16. “Man is to be hailed as a social being.” What D. Sons, daughters and in-laws
does this line mean?
A. He necessarily attends social events 23. Which peace efforts are most government
B. He must introduce himself in social gatherings engaged in when they have representatives in
C. He does not live only for himself other countries to promote
D. He does not need other people international cooperation and harmony?
A. Diplomacy 29. The Prime Meridian passes through:
B. Disarmament A. Rome
C. International organization B. Warsaw
D. Collective security C. London
D. New York
24.Which principle states that no man in the
country is above the law and the laws must be 30. The surface of the Earth between the Tropic of
obeyed by all and applied to Cancer and Arctic Circle is a:
everyone rich or poor, lowly or powerful, without A. Circle
fear or favor? B. Cone
A. Social justice C. Plane
B. Rule of Law D. Zone
C. Separation of church and state
D. Rule of the Majority 31. Which city suffered from the first atomic bomb
on August 6, 1945?
25.In which form of government does power or A. Hiroshima
authority resides in a few persons who govern for B. Chernobyl
their own interest? C. Moscow
A. Oligarchy D. Nagasaki
B. Monarchy
C. Democracy 32. Pre-colonial trade in the Philippines was
D. Parliamentary prosperous. What system did they use for their
business transactions?
26.Which department has the authority to make A. Money
laws and to alter them when needed? B. Barter
A. Executive C. Credit
B. Legislative D. Banking
C. Judicial
D. Administrative 33. Typical of Greek civilization (800-600 BCE)
without which a single political unit was able to
27. Where are the world’s major religions such as stay strong:
Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism being practiced? A. Towns and cities
A. Asia B. Strong army
B. Africa C. Strong Navy
C. South America D. City States
D. Europe
34. Who among the leaders of the Katipunan used
28. Name the least developed and poorest country the penname Agapito Bagumbayan?
in Central America, also known as “Banana A. Julian Felipe
Republic.” B. Andres Bonifacio
A. El Salvador C. Pio Valenzuela
B. Nicaragua D. Emilio Jacinto
C. Guatemala
D. Honduras 35. Who was the Spanish Governor-General who
established the “tobacco monopoly” in 1781?
A. Francisco Rizzo
B. Jose Basco 41. The military provinces that were unpacified
C. Basilio Agustin during the Spanish period were called:
D. Rafael Izquierdo A. Alcaldia
B. Alcalde mayor
36. Various expeditions by Spanish adventures C. Indulto de comercio
were completed by the 17th century resulting in D. Corregimientos
the Hispanic conquest of Latin America. Who was 42. After the revolution, Macario Sakay went
the Spanish commander who led an expedition underground and established a republic based on
against the Inca Empire setting up settlements as the ideology of the Bonifacio-Jacinto Katipunan.
far as Buenos Aires in 1536? What do you call the Republic established by
A. Hemon Cortez Macario?
B. Basco Dagama A. Republika ng Katipunan
C. Inez dela Cruz J.R. Pole B. Republika ng mga Filipino
D. Pizzarro C. Republika sa Gitnang Katagalugan
D. Republika ng San Cristobal
37. The author of “Flora de Filipinas” circa 1837,
the botanical illustrations of plant specimens that 43. He was the American President who said, “Ask
grew into the Philippine not what America will do for you, but what
herbarium: together we can do for thefreedom of man.”
A. Gov. Narciso Claveria A. Gerald Ford
B. Gov. Polavieja B. Franklin Roosevelt
C. Padre Emmanuel Gonzales C. Harry Truman
D. Fr. Manuel Blanco D. John F. Kennedy

38. Who is the first man to replace myth with 44. The Benevolent Assimilation proclamation on
natural laws and uses observing that all living December 21, 1879 was the first official indication
things are elements of nature? of American policy regarding the Philippines, it
A. Aristotle expressly indicated the intention of the United
B. Pythagoras States to stay in the Philippine by exercising the
C. Cladius Ptolemy right of sovereignty over the Filipinos. Who was the
D. Thales of Melitus American president who issued this “Benevolent
Assimilation” policy?
39. Birth place of Jose Rizal: A. Wilson
A. Intramuros, Manila B. Eisenhower
B. Calamba, Laguna C. Roosevelt
C. Malolos, Bulacan D. McKinley
D. Kawit, Cavite
45. Which best describes the division of the
40. What was the first book published in the legislature into the Senate and the House of
Philippines? Representatives?
A. Pasiong mahal A. Bicameralism
B. Doctrina Christiana B. Bipartisanship
C. Del superior Govierno C. Unicameralism
D. Co-legislative powers
D. Barlaame Josaphat
46. Who was the last Spanish Governal-General of 52. What is the possible consequence of
the Philippines? meritocracy in a social system?
A. Ramon Blanco A. Rule by the wealthy and powerful.
B. Diego de los Rios B. Leadership by people of talent.
C. Basilio Agustin C. Culture of elitism.
D. Fermin Jaudenes D. Rule by those with noble birth.
47. Which demonstrates interconnectedness
between social and environmental injustice? 53. Which constitutional safeguard prevents one
A. Industrialized countries’ toxic disposed to poorer branch of government from becoming powerful or
countries. abusive?
B. Temperature warming and rise of sea level. A. Impeachment
C. Desertification of verdant regions. B. Ombudsman
D. Extinction of rare animal species. C. Check and Balance
D. Laissez Faire
48. Participation in governance, including the right
to vote and seek public office is secured within the 54. What is the predominant characteristic of
citizenry’s ________________. eastern religion?
A. Political rights A. Optimism
B. Right of suffrage B. Secularism
C. Socio- civic rights C. Mysticism
D. Right to due process D. Pessimism

49. Participation in governance, including the right 55. What economic policy in 16 th century in
to vote and seek public office is secured within the Europe influenced Spain’s expansionist policy to
citizenry’s ___________________. discover new lands?
A. Right to due process A. Spice-trading
B. Socio-civic rights B. Capitalism
C. political rights C. Mercantilism
D. right of suffrage D. Colonialism

50. Tax imposed on all employed and practicing 56. The right invoked in the “writ of habeas data” is
professionals ________________________.
A. Income tax A. The right to information privacy.
B. Real estate tax B. Right to gather information data.
C. Community tax C. The right to search for information.
D. Inheritance tax D. Right to transmit data.

51. Which policy of the state provides preferential 57. Whose philosophy advocates the use of reason
attention to the welfare of the less fortunate in understanding the existence of God?
members of the Philippines society? A. St. Benedict
A. Social justice B. St. Peter
B. Criminal justice C. St. John
C. Distributive justice D. St. Thomas Aquinas
D. Bill of rights
58. Which is a check on the executive department 63. Agency tasked to nurture Philippine Arts
by the judiciary in the principle check and balance A. NBI
among branches of the government? B. CCP
A. Impeachment of the Chief of Justice of the C. NCAA
Supreme Court. D. NCCA
B. Determining the salary of the President and Vice-
President. 64. The ultimate objective of the comprehensive
C. Declaring a legislative measure unconstitutional. Agrarian Reform is:
D. Declaring an act of the President A. Abolish share tenancy in favor of lease tenancy.
unconstitutional. B. Distribute all arable lands to the landless.
C. Establish once cultivated land.
59. Which is the fundamental law of the land? D. Ensure the cultivation of idle lands.
A. Bill of Rights
B. Constitution 65. Which was the first labor union in the country
C. Civil Criminal Code founded by Isabelo de los Reyes on July1901?
D. Ten Commandments A. Association of the Philippine Labor
B. Union Obrera Democratica
60. Gregoria de Jesus saw her husband ________ C. Union Trabajadores de Filipinos
charge for treason by fellow Filipinos who have D. Association de Compania Tabacalera
formed the Philippine Revolutionary force to fight
Spain. 66. Through the Galleon Trade (1565-1815), the
A. Marcelo H. Del Pilar Philippines had extended contacts with
B. Emilio Aguinaldo ________.
C. Andres Bonifacio A. Spain
D. Jose Rizal B. Spice Island
C. China
61. What did Nelson Mandela mean to South D. Mexico
African
and the rest of the world? He gave up armed 67. How many days are needed after which an
struggle and chose the peaceful way to freedom. enrolled bill becomes a law?
Nelson Mandela is a world leader who is a model of A. 75 days
_________________. B. 90 days
A. Black supremacy C. 60 days
B. Armed struggle D. 30 days
C. Non-violence
D. Imprisonment 68. What law passed on August 1909 by the U.S.
Congress established a partial free trade in the
62. Which band played the Marcha Nacional Philippines?
Filipino of the national anthem on June 12, 1898 A. Bell Trade
during the declaration of Philippine Independence? B. Payne-Aldrich Act
A. Pangkat Kawayan ng Pateros C. Treaty on General Relations
B. Kawit Cavite Band D. Underwood-Simmons Act
C. Malabon Band
D. San Francisco Monte Band 69. In a matriarchal family which family member
plays the leading role?
A. Grandmother 75. The Philippines is the only ___________
B. Mother country in the world.
C. Oldest sister A. Communist
D. Aunt B. Buddhist
C. Christian
70. Who was the Spanish mestizo priest who first D. Muslim
led the native secular clergy in the Secularization 76. In social trends, how do you call those who are
Movement in 1861? for the revival of the classics?
A. Father Jacinto Zamora A. Existentialists
B. Father Gregorio Aglipay B. Rationalists
C. Father Pedro Pelaez C. Jose Rizal
D. Father Jose Burgos D. Reformists

71. What was the term given by Marcelo H. De Pilar 77. What happens to a good action when it is
to hidden control and domination by Spanish perform on account of an evil motive?
religious priests over the colonial government? A. It becomes good
A. Pase region B. It becomes evil
B. Las suerte partidas C. It becomes morally good
C. Complace D. It becomes an amoral act
D. Frailocracia
78. The tax required to be paid annually by all adult
72. While authority should be respected, its citizens of the Philippines is the ______________.
opinion may be an error. Which of the following A. Community tax
represents a better/more certain avenue to the B. Income tax
truth? C. real estate tax
A. Replication (repeat and check) D. Inheritance tax
B. Selective observation
C. Overgeneralization 79. The fundamental right invoked by filling the
D. Fallacious reasoning “writ of amparo” is ________________.
A. The right to due process
73. Who is known as the “Father of the Local B. The right to self-defense
Government Code”? C. The right to be defended by a public attorney
A. Joey Lina D. The right to life, liberty and security
B. Joseph Estrada
C. Jovito Salonga 80. What is one of the man-made wonders of the
D. Aquilino Pimental Philippines?
A. Rice terraces
74. Who was the first editor of La Solidaridad, and B. Mount Makiling
an orator of the Reform Movement? C. Manila Bay
A. Juan Luna D. Taal Volcano
B. Graciano Lopez Jaena
C. Jose Rizal 81. As a Social Science teacher which should
D. Marcelo H. Del Pilar Teacher Nora avoid?
A. Abreast with all the other issues
B. Appreciative of change
C. Facilitator of learning D. Thailand
D. As a sage on the stage 88. What was the power to set aside certain by the
82. Governor General Narciso Claveria was Kingdom of Spain to the Governor-General of the
responsible for the ________________. Philippines?
A. Abolition of the Galleon Trade A. Veto power
B. Establishment of the Tobacco Monopoly B. Condign Power
C. Use of Spanish surname by Filipinos C. Conditioned Power
D. Establishment of the Galleon Trade D. Compensatory power

83. Whose philosophy gives prominence to faith in 89. What best describes the form of government of
understanding the existence of God? England with its parliament, a prime minister, and a
A. St. Benedict queen (or king)?
B. St. Peter A. Constitutional monarchy
C. St. Augustine B. Anarchism
D. St. John C. Ethnocracy
D. Demarchy
84. Who among the following Filipino statesmen
was the most vocal to speak against the country’s 90. Who was the revolutionary leader who refused
foreign policy of close association with Americans? to surrender to the Americans even after General
A. Claro M. Recto Malvar’s surrender, and declared himself President
B. Manuel Luis Quezon and Commander-in-Chief of the Supreme
C. Cayetano Arellano Government of the Tagalog Archipelago?
D. Jose P. Laurel A. Julian Montalan
B. Macario Sakay
85. Of the seven continents comprising continues C. Licerio Geronimo
land mass surrounded by big bodies of water, the D. Artemio Ricarte
biggest (30.1 percent of the earth) is
______________? 91. Which religious missionaries first arrived in the
A. Asia Philippines?
B. Australia A. Dominicans
C. Europe B. Franciscan
D. Northern America C. Jesults
D. Augustinians
86. Civilization is where large ideas and tools, as
well as human settlements flourished. Where do 92. Who were the aboriginal settlers in the islands,
historians say civilization had first been born? prior to succeeding migrants who crossed the seas
A. China from the Southern Philippines?
B. Middle East A. Sumatians
C. Egypt B. Malayans
D. Jordan C. Borneans
D. Negritos
87. Which is the largest country in Asia?
A. China 93. What religious institution is the only living
B. Philippines remnant of the Philippine Revolution of 1896
C. Japan today?
A. Philippines Independent Church B. Carlos P. Garcia
B. Roman Catholic Church C. Manuel Roxas
C. Unitarian Church of the Philippines D. Ramon Magsaysay
D. United Church of the Philippines
100. During their discussion of the Noli Me
94. A young girl left her baby at the household of a Tangere, the students debated on the identity of
monastery. The child grew up without knowing her the Filipino. During much of the Spanish
mother and father. What right is deprived of the occupation, how were the natives of the Philippines
child? called?
A. Self defense A. Principalia
B. Survival trait B. Indios
C. Self-assertion C. Insulares
D. Denial trait D. Peninsulares

95. Which type of justice implies the duty of one

individual to give another what he is due?
A. Social justice
B. International justice
C. Commutative justice
D. Distributive justice

96. The Philippine currency and its stability is

protected and supervised by:
A. NEDA
B. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
C. Bureau of Treasury
D. Boy Scout of the Philippines (BSP)

97. Which is the greatest value according to the

teachings of Karl Marx?
A. Health
B. Pleasure
C. Elimination of selfish desires
D. Absolute equality

98. Voting is a privilege in a democracy. Those who

are deprived their votes are normally:
A. Franchised
B. Exiled
C. Disenfranchised
D. Execute

99. Who is the president who is known for his

“Filipino-First” Policy and Austerity Program?
A. Diosdado Macapagal
Answer Key:

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. A

5. C

6. B

7. A

8. A

9. C

10. D

11. D

12. B

13. A

14. B

15. A

16. C

17. C

18. A

19. D

20. B

21. C

22. B

23. A

24. B

25. A

26. B

27. A
28. D

29. C

30. D

31. A

32. B

33. D

34. B

35. B

36. D

37. D

38. D

39. B

40. B

41. D

42. C

43. D

44. D

45. A

46. B

47. A

48. A

49. C

50. A

51. A

52. B

53. C

54. A

55. C
56. A

57. D

58. D

59. B

60. C

61. C

62. C

63. D

64. B

65. B

66. D

67. D

68. B

69. B

70. C

71. D

72. A

73. D

74. B

75. C

76. C

77. B

78. A

79. D

80. A

81. D

82. C

83. C
84. A

85. A

86. B

87. A

88. A

89. A

90. B

91. D

92. D

93. A

94. C

95. C

96. B

97. D

98. C

99. B

100. B