SUMMARY

Lupus erythematosus in dogs is a chronic autoimmune disease that

primarily affects small and medium-sized dog breeds. It has also been
observed in mixed breed dogs.

It is characterized by the appearance of skin lesions, such as ulcers,

erosions and scabs on the dog's face and ears. Additionally, there may be
inflammation and redness of the skin, especially in areas exposed to the
sun.

In addition to skin lesions, canine lupus erythematosus can also affect other
internal organs, such as the kidneys, liver, and joints. This can lead to
symptoms such as fever, joint pain, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

The exact cause of lupus erythematosus in dogs is unclear, but it is

believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute
to the development of the disease. Sun exposure, stress, and certain
medications can also trigger symptoms in some dogs.

The diagnosis of lupus erythematosus in dogs is based on the animal's

medical history, observed symptoms, and laboratory tests, such as blood
tests and skin biopsies. There is no cure for this disease, but there are
treatments available to control the symptoms and improve the dog's quality
of life.

Treatment may include immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory

medications, as well as skin care and measures to protect the dog from the
sun. It is also important to provide a balanced diet and keep the dog in a
stress-free environment.

In summary, lupus erythematosus in dogs is a chronic autoimmune disease

that affects the skin, joints and internal organs. If your dog shows
symptoms such as skin lesions or systemic symptoms, it is important to see
a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.
What is it?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that

can affect any part of the body. It is characterized by episodes of
inflammation in different organs and tissues, such as the skin, joints,
kidneys, heart, brain, lungs and blood vessels.

The body's immune system normally produces antibodies to fight infections

and diseases, but in the case of SLE, the immune system becomes
overactive and attacks healthy tissues by mistake. This causes
inflammation and damage to organs and tissues, which can cause a variety
of symptoms.

The symptoms of SLE can vary widely and can include fatigue, fever, joint
pain, skin rashes, hair loss, mouth ulcers, kidney and heart problems,
breathing problems, sensitivity to the sun, among others. The severity of
SLE can also vary, from mild cases to more severe cases that require
ongoing medical care.

The exact cause of SLE is not yet known, but it is believed that a
combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the
development of the disease. There is no cure for SLE, but treatment
focuses on controlling symptoms, reducing inflammation, and preventing
organ damage. Management of the disease usually involves medications,
lifestyle changes, and regular medical follow-up.

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in dogs can be

complicated due to the variety of symptoms and the lack of specific tests
for this particular disease. However, some of the methods used for its
diagnosis include:

1. History and physical examination: A veterinarian will gather information

about symptoms and perform a complete physical examination to look for
signs of SLE, such as skin lesions, joint swelling, or swollen lymph nodes.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests may be done to look for signs of inflammation,
such as elevated levels of C-reactive protein or increased erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR). Tests may also be done to look for
autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibody (ANA) or rheumatoid factor.

3. Urinalysis: Urinalysis may be done to look for signs of kidney

inflammation or damage, such as elevated levels of protein or blood cells.
4. Skin biopsy: If there are skin lesions suspicious for SLE, a skin biopsy
may be performed to examine it under a microscope and look for signs of
inflammation.

5. X-rays and ultrasounds: These imaging tests can help identify

complications related to SLE, such as joint inflammation or damage to
internal organs.

It is important to note that the definitive diagnosis of SLE in dogs can be

difficult to confirm, as there may be overlap of symptoms with other
autoimmune diseases or even infectious diseases. Therefore, a
combination of tests and biopsies of different organs may be required to
reach an accurate diagnosis. A veterinarian with experience in autoimmune
diseases in dogs will be of great help in the diagnosis and management of
SLE.

TREATMENT

Treatment for lupus erythematosus in dogs includes a combination of

medications and symptom control. These may include:

1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs, such as

ibuprofen or meloxicam, can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

2. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are often

prescribed to control the abnormal immune response associated with
lupus. However, their long-term use can have side effects, so they are
generally used in low doses and tapered off gradually.
3. Immune response modifiers: Medications such as azathioprine or
cyclophosphamide may be necessary in more severe cases of lupus to
suppress the immune response.

4. Nutritional supplements: Certain supplements, such as omega-3 fatty

acids, may have anti-inflammatory benefits and be useful in the treatment
of lupus.

5. Sun protection: It is recommended that dogs with lupus erythematosus

avoid excessive sun exposure, as this can trigger flare-ups. Special
sunscreens for pets can be used.

It is important to note that treatment for lupus erythematosus in dogs must

be individualized and supervised by a veterinarian. Treatment can be
adjusted based on the severity of symptoms and the dog's response to
medications.