Republic of the Philippines

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Urdaneta Campus
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Architecture

TITLE: REMOTE SITE ANALYSIS TOOLS

RSW NO.: CS - MT- 01

DATE GIVEN: JAN. 31,2024

DATE DUE: FEB. 09,2024
DATE SUBMITTED: FEB. 09,2024

SUBMITTED ON TIME LATE SUBMITTED

ALLEN GLENN C. LAGADO

BS ARCHI 3A
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AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

WHAT IS REMOTE SENSING?
Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by
measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance (typically from satellite or aircraft). Special cameras
collect remotely sensed images, which help researchers "sense" things about the Earth. Some examples are:

Cameras on satellites and airplanes take images of large areas on the Earth's surface, allowing us to
see much more than we can see when standing on the ground.
Sonar systems on ships can be used to create images of the ocean floor without needing to travel to the bottom
of the ocean.
Cameras on satellites can be used to make images of temperature changes in the oceans.
Some specific uses of remotely sensed images of the Earth include:

• Large forest fires can be mapped from space, allowing rangers to see a much larger area than from the
ground.
• Tracking clouds to help predict the weather or watching erupting volcanoes, and help watching for dust
storms.
• Tracking the growth of a city and changes in farmland or forests over several years or decades.
• Discovery and mapping of the rugged topography of the ocean floor (e.g., huge mountain ranges, deep
canyons, and the “magnetic striping” on the ocean floor).

TYPES OF REMOTE SENSING

➢ ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING AND PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING

WHAT IS ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING?

There exist two main types of remote sensing classified according to the source of signal they use to
explore the object, active vs. passive. Active remote sensing instruments operate with their own source of
emission or light, while passive ones rely on the reflected one. Radiation also differs by wavelengths that fall
into short (visible, NIR, MIR) and long (microwave).
Radars and lidars are the most epic examples of active remote sensing.

ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS

Each active sensor in remote sensing directs its signal to the object and then checks the response – the
received quantity. The majority of devices employ microwaves since they are relatively immune to weather
conditions. Active remote sensing techniques differ by what they transmit (light or waves) and what they
determine (e.g., distance, height, atmospheric conditions, etc.).

AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

 • Radar is a sensor assisting in ranging with radio signals. Its specific feature is the antenna emitting
impulses. When the energy flow in radar active remote sensing meets an obstacle, it scatters back to
the sensor to some degree. Based on its amount and traveling time, it is possible to estimate how far
the target is.
• Lidar determines distance with light. Lidar active remote sensing implies transmitting light impulses and
checking the quantity retrieved. The target location and distance are understood by multiplying the time
by the speed of light.
• Laser altimeter measures elevation with lidar.
• Ranging instruments estimate the range either with one or two identical devices on different platforms
sending signals to each other.
• Sounder studies weather conditions vertically by emitting impulses, in case it falls to the active
category.
• Scatterometer is a specific device to measure bounced (backscattered) radiation.

WHAT IS PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING?

Passive sensors in remote sensing do not streamline energy of their own to the researched object or
surface, unlike active ones. Passive remote sensing depends on natural energy (sunrays) bounced by the
target. For this reason, it can be applied only with proper sunlight, otherwise there will be nothing to reflect.
Passive remote sensing employs multispectral or hyperspectral sensors that measure the acquired
quantity with multiple band combinations. These combinations differ by the number of channels (two
wavelengths and more). The scope of bands includes spectra within and beyond human vision (visible, IR, NIR,
TIR, microwave).
PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING DEVICES
The most popular passive remote sensing examples of devices are various types of radiometers or
spectrometers.

Instrument names clearly identify what they measure:

• Spectrometer distinguishes and analyzes spectral bands.

• Radiometer determines the power of radiation emitted by the object in particular band ranges (visible,
IR, microwave).
• Spectroradiometer finds out the power of radiation in several band ranges.

AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

 • Hyperspectral radiometer operates with the most accurate type of passive sensor that is
used in remote sensing. Due to extremely high resolution, it differentiates hundreds of
ultimately narrow spectral bands within visible, NIR and MIR regions.
• Imaging radiometer scans the object or a surface to reproduce the image.
• Sounder senses the atmospheric conditions vertically.
• Accelerometer detects changes in speed per unit of time (e.g., linear or rotational).

What Is Microwave Remote Sensing?

The classification of microwave sensing includes active and passive types and bases on the
principle of either transmitting and receiving signals or receiving only. The differentiation lies in the
wavelength. In this particular case, it varies from 1cm to 1m. Unlike shorter wavelengths, they break
through almost any atmospheric conditions but heavy rains. Their insusceptibility to aerosols enables
monitoring almost in any weather and at any time.

Passive Microwave Remote Sensing

Passive microwave sensing checks microwave emissions from targets. A passive sensor like
a radiometer or scanner distinguishes natural energy and records it, with the difference that its
antenna detects microwaves in particular, not other, shorter waves. The method enables specialists
to understand the temperature and moisture of the target via certain correlations with the radiation
quantity. The energy detected by this type of sensor is emitted, transmitted, or reflected.

The method provides data for many branches like meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, ecology,
oceanography. In particular, it enables scientists to check soil moisture, atmospheric water and ozone
concentrations; to distinguish oil spills and address water pollution.

Active Microwave Remote Sensing

Active microwave sensors radiate their own signal to the target and check the bounced
amount. Different backscattering properties of different targets, as well as the traveling time, make it
possible to outline them and find out the distance, knowing how long it takes the signal to travel to
and back. The quantity also depends on the illumination angle and the surface evenness/roughness.

The most typical example of such devices is radar (operating with microwaves). The basic two
types of remote sensing in this category are:

• imaging (two-dimensional, e.g., radars);

• non-imaging (linear, e.g., altimeters or scatterometers).

APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING IN ARHITECTURE

In the field of architecture, remote sensing has emerged as a powerful tool that enhances the
understanding and analysis of various architectural processes and designs. By utilizing remote sensing
technologies, architects can gather valuable information about the environment, site conditions, and building
structures.
In architecture, remote sensing brings forth a multitude of possibilities, from designing and planning to
the maintenance of buildings. It enhances architects’ capabilities to analyze, monitor, and evaluate architectural
structures efficiently and effectively.
The emergent technology of remote sensing is ushering in a new era of architectural practices. By
enabling detailed spatial analysis, it provides architects with valuable insights for planning, designing, and
monitoring.
1. Urban Planning
Urban planners are increasingly embracing remote sensing for its precise, timely, and
comprehensive spatial data. Using high-resolution images, planners can monitor urban expansion,
study land-use patterns, and even analyze traffic behavior. This information is crucial for strategizing
city development while maintaining sustainability and resilience. It not only aids in decision-making but
also ensures efficient resource allocation.

AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

 2. Building Analysis
Remote sensing simplifies the complex task of building analysis. Architects utilize it to
obtain detailed information about a structure’s shape, size, and features without physically
accessing the site. They can assess the building’s structural integrity, detect changes, and
identify potential maintenance needs. Remote sensing also supports the analysis of large
buildings or structures situated in challenging environments, ensuring safety while enhancing
efficiency.

3. Landscape Design
Landscape architects leverage remote sensing to gather topographic and vegetation
data. This information facilitates designing gardens, parks, and other outdoor spaces to align
with natural features and enhance aesthetic appeal. Furthermore, remote sensing helps
monitor the health of vegetation and detect changes over time, informing maintenance
strategies.

4. Historic Preservation
Historic buildings and heritage sites often require delicate handling to prevent damage.
Here, remote sensing plays a vital role. By capturing high-resolution images and data, it
enables architects and conservationists to study these structures in detail without intrusive
physical contact. Moreover, the technology can be used to monitor the sites for changes over
time, helping to preemptively address potential issues.

5. Environmental Impact Assessment

Remote sensing is a valuable tool for assessing the environmental impact of
architectural projects. It provides detailed data on land use, vegetation, water bodies, and air
quality, helping architects to design environmentally friendly structures. The technology can
also monitor changes during and after construction, allowing architects to mitigate any
negative impacts.

6. Infrastructure Monitoring
Infrastructure monitoring is crucial for maintaining the safety and functionality of
buildings. With remote sensing, architects can perform routine checks and detect issues such
as structural damage, wear and tear, or even illegal construction activities. This technology
ensures efficient maintenance, thereby prolonging the lifespan of infrastructure.

7. Construction Site Monitoring

The dynamic nature of construction sites makes it challenging to monitor progress and
manage resources. Remote sensing offers a solution by providing real-time, high-resolution
images and data. It allows architects and project managers to track construction progress,
assess resource usage, and ensure adherence to safety protocols.

8. Risk Assessment
By providing detailed spatial data, remote sensing helps architects to conduct
comprehensive risk assessments. This includes evaluating the risk of natural disasters,
analyzing the structural stability of buildings, and assessing potential environmental impacts.
The information is invaluable in creating designs that mitigate these risks and promote safety.

9. Property Management
In property management, remote sensing aids in asset tracking, condition assessment,
and planning maintenance activities. For large estates or properties spread over wide areas, it
provides an efficient way to monitor assets and identify potential issues, ensuring timely
interventions. More about property management with remote sensing can be found here.

10. Energy Efficiency

Energy-efficient building design is increasingly important in today’s world. Remote
sensing aids in this by providing data on solar radiation, temperature patterns, and wind flow.
Architects can use this information to design buildings that optimize natural light and
ventilation, reducing energy consumption.
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 11. Shadow Analysis
Remote sensing helps architects perform shadow analysis, a critical aspect of architectural
design. It enables the study of a building’s shadow throughout the day and across seasons, affecting
the building’s lighting, heating, and cooling needs. This analysis can also influence the building’s impact
on its surrounding environment.

12. Building Material Analysis

Finally, remote sensing can be used for building material analysis. By capturing spectral
signatures, it can identify the materials used in a building’s construction, even from a distance. This
information can guide maintenance and renovation efforts, enhance building safety, and ensure
regulatory compliance.

EXAMPLES OF REMOTE SENSING

An environment use of remote sensing studying the mountains and glaciers in
Himalayan region.

Field photograph of a Himalayan glacier, September 2014 (Chhota Shigri, western Himalaya, India), showing
debris on the glacier, the surrounding avalanche prone steep cliffs and the Bergshrund line separating the
glacier body from the cliff.

Spectral reflectance curves for snow and ice in different formation stages and satellite image (LISS III,
September 11, 2000).

AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

NDSI of Gangotri glacier derived from IRS LISS III image, September 11, 2000, for ablation season.
The white part is the snow covered area and the grey is the non snow areas.

Temperature image of Chandra-Bhaga basin Himachal Himalaya, India, derived from the thermal
band of Landsat ETM+ data during ablation season.

AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

Sample of Remote Sensing in New York City

Overview of the study area showing true-color EOS-Terra ASTER satellite image of the New York City
Metropolitan area observed on 8 September 2002. True-color QuickBird satellite image of Manhattan and its
surrounding area was observed on 2 August 2002 (inset map).

The maps showing: (a) The topography of New York City (at 30 m spatial resolution), ridges can be seen in the
map, and (b) ASTER surface temperature (K) over New York City and surrounding locations on 8 September
2002.

AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

The figure shows: (a) The composition of urban materials obtained by classification of the QuickBird image
using Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network scheme, (b) total coverage of urban components in Manhattan and its
surrounding area, and (c) Violin chart with boxes represents the interquartile range (IQR) of surface
temperature in different urban components. Mean (filled circle) and median (full line inside the box) is also
shown.

Maps showing surface temperature (K) measured by ECOSTRESS [28] at 70 m spatial resolution on 27 August
2020. The building locations with cool roofs in 2012 and green roofs in 2016 in New York City.

AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

WHAT IS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM?
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system that analyzes and displays
geographically referenced information. It uses data that is attached to a unique location.
Most of the information we have about our world contains a location reference: Where are USGS
stream gages located? Where was a rock sample collected? Exactly where are all of a city's fire hydrants?
If, for example, a rare plant is observed in three different places, GIS analysis might show that the
plants are all on north-facing slopes that are above an elevation of 1,000 feet and that get more than ten inches
of rain per year. GIS maps can then display all locations in the area that have similar conditions, so researchers
know where to look for more of the rare plants.
By knowing the geographic location of farms using a specific fertilizer, GIS analysis of farm locations,
stream locations, elevations, and rainfall will show which streams are likely to carry that fertilizer downstream.
These are just a few examples of the many uses of GIS in earth sciences, biology, resource
management, and many other fields.

A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and
displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface. By relating seemingly unrelated data, GIS can help
individuals and organizations better understand spatial patterns and relationships.
GIS technology is a crucial part of spatial data infrastructure, which the White House defines as “the
technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process,
distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data.”
GIS can use any information that includes location. The location can be expressed in many different
ways, such as latitude and longitude, address, or ZIP code.
Many different types of information can be compared and contrasted using GIS. The system can
include data about people, such as population, income, or education level. It can include information about the
landscape, such as the location of streams, different kinds of vegetation, and different kinds of soil. It can
include information about the sites of factories, farms, and schools, or storm drains, roads, and electric power
lines.
With GIS technology, people can compare the locations of different things in order to discover how they
relate to each other. For example, using GIS, a single map could include sites that produce pollution, such as
factories, and sites that are sensitive to pollution, such as wetlands and rivers. Such a map would help people
determine where water supplies are most at risk.

USES OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

1. MAPPING DATA
The most basic function of any GIS is to simply map out where things are. An oft cited statistic
is that “80% of all data has a geographic component “. Whether or not that’s true, we do know that a lot
of the data we can compile can be mapped out.
GIS provides a way to store this data, georeferenced the data, and then map it out. Often mapping out
data can provide the first clues about any potential spatial relationships.

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 2. BASIC GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS
Once the data has geographic coordinates, some elementary spatial analysis can be performed
to tease out potential correlations and relationships between geographic features.
3. Proximity Analysis
A proximity analysis is an analytical technique that is used to define the relationship between a
specific location and other locations or points that are linked in some way.
This analysis can be used to make sure a new service, such as a bus line, has stops near
parks, schools, and other places that transit riders want access to. Proximity analysis can also be used
by businesses to make sure their new retail location isn’t too close to competitors.

4. Buffering
A GIS technique called buffering is commonly used with proximity analysis to indicate the
sphere of influence of a given point. Buffering involves creating a zone around a given point, line, or
polygon (area) of a specified distance. Buffering is useful for creating a zone around a given
geographic feature for further analysis using the overlay method. For example, a 1000′ buffer could be
generated around a school to then use overlay analysis to find out how many libraries are within 1000′
of that school.
5. Cluster Analysis
Using multiple algorithms it is possible to select a group of unrelated points on a theme that
match a set of criteria. A cluster could include members where distance between them is less than a
specific amount or areas where there is density of points greater than a specific level.
Typically a GIS will require multiple levels of iteration before the correct algorithms are identified.

Typical clustering models include:

• Connectivity models – the simplest that depend upon simple distance-based relationships.
• Centroid models – where inclusion in a cluster is determined by identifying the mean value of
the cluster that is most appropriate to the point being considered.
• Distribution models – where inclusion is determined by the application of a statistical
distribution theory such as the normal probability.
• Density models – using techniques specially identified for GIS work that link areas with
specific densities of an event or population such as racial profiles in a given area.
• Subspace models – this technique allows the element to be included into a cluster by
considering specific attributes of that element.
• Group models – those models where an algorithm cannot be established to demonstrate a
shared link where they are in effect linked manually.
6. Find Nearest
A technique that can be used to measure the distances between a point and the edge of a
specific element that has been defined as a polygon using vector points.

Nearest neighbor algorithms have been the subject of intense research since the 1980s and
new approaches were defined by academics such as Benezecri and Juan in 1982. The algorithm
defined focuses on identifying points that are either maximal, minimal or median members of the data
set.

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AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

 7. Overlay Analysis
A basic analysis that allows a given area from one later to be overlaid onto data from other
themes. A good example would be – what type of soil do we find in the school grounds or what type of
industrial uses has this area been put to in the past 50 years.
There are two methods of performing this type of analysis:

• Feature overlay – a simple technique to drop single or multiple points into an area
• Raster overlay – best used when characteristics of multiple themes are required to be
examined because each area is referenced and combined on a grid basis.
8. Location Analysis
Location analysis is a way to select the best location for a site given a set of geographic
parameters.

For example, this analysis is often used in business settings, where it can help companies determine
the most advantageous locations for their stores, factories, or distribution centers, considering factors such as
customer location, access to transportation, and competitor location.
In a site suitability analysis, multiple factors like proximity to transportation routes, availability of
resources, regulatory constraints, environmental impact, and demographics might be taken into account to
identify the best location for a new facility. By integrating these data into a GIS, a visual and spatial dimension
can be added to the decision-making process, making it easier to understand and interpret the data.

EXAMPLE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

Geographic Information System done in Tokyo, Japan.

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AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

Land Reclamation in Tokyo Bay by decade in 1900s.

Rivers and New Channels at Head of Tokyo Bay in 1900s

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AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

Development of Town Areas in Tokyo and Kanagawa by Decade in 1900s

An example of Geographic Information System done in Philippines

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AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

WHAT IS CITY INFORMATION SYSTEM?
Urban information systems are powerful means for governments in meeting long-term strategic
planning and management challenges. For example, the information from a geographic information database
helps in planning, zoning, transportation, utilities, flood management, urbanization and its impact on the
environment and the use of demographics in making public policy. It provides a heightened awareness of the
interdependency among environmental, social, and economic health and the impact of decisions made by
neighboring jurisdictions, state and federal agencies and private business.
Urban information system provides various information on urban (facilities, urban planning,
environment, disaster prevention, water supply, transportation, etc.) for municipalities to perform effective
administration and decision-making. To establish security system for municipalities, effective management of
infrastructure should be preceded and the maintenance of the facilities by urban information system is very
effective. Maps, statistics, and all the data that can be components of urban information system are produced
and managed by each department (transportation, urban planning, water supply and drainage, environmental
protection, etc.) Introduction of urban information system can integrate all the information related to each other
and make the use of information easier and more efficient.

City Information System and Urban Planning

Urbanization is a global multidimensional process that manifests itself through rapidly changing human
population densities and changing land cover. The growth of cities is due to a combination of four forces:
natural growth, rural to urban migration, massive migration due to extreme events, and redefinitions of
administrative boundaries. Half of the world’s population today lives in urban areas, a proportion expected to
increase by 2/3 within 50 years. Today, over 300 cities have a population of more than 106 and 19 megacities
exceed. As urbanization is accelerating, the growth of cities forms large urban landscapes, particularly in
developing countries.
The social economy is experiencing steady expansion in this century, producing a demand for urban
planning. Urban planning involves land use and land cover planning, environmental planning, transportation
planning, zoning, and economic development planning. Although distinct to each urban center, challenges
connected to urbanization range from land-use conflict and destruction of natural ecosystems and the
environment to traffic and vehicular congestion that are more likely to cause harmful conditions on our roads.
Urban planning is one of the most important tasks of the local authorities at any given level to ensure
the proper use of available land, thereby supporting sustainable development. Like many other rapidly growing
cities, urban planners are having a difficult time limiting the types of developments that are coming up each day,
owing to an inability to access all of the necessary information about the area. This inadequacy contributes to a
myriad of challenges. Poor land policies are a result of poor government preparedness for the ever-increasing
population and societal demands. At the same time, land tenure conflicts are apparent owing to people
occupying land that they do not lawfully own.

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AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

 Existing infrastructure becomes strained for both amenities and utilities due to limited resources and an
ever-increasing population. As a result of new immigration to metropolitan areas, poor housing facilities and
amenities are inevitable for those who cannot afford quality housing. This also leads to a high crime rate and
social problems in addition to the indiscriminate land encroachment on road reserves and riparian reserves .
An urban planning information system is a fantastic asset to any county government or urban
planning department. With the urgency it warrants, county spatial plans should prioritise the easy
access and dissemination of data for urban planning. The ability to offer this information on the
internet and do spatial analysis is a big advantage in assuring a trustworthy, efficient, time-saving,
and cost-saving urban planning process. A one-stop shop for all information and data on urban
planning is vital for promoting green cities and sustainable development. Further developments can
also be concentrated on monitoring and mapping urban development and anticipating its impacts on
the environment and social-economic aspects of society.
While the local governments are slowly adopting the use of GIS in spatial planning, as seen in
the accessible green areas currently available in towns, among other initiatives, there is still a long
way to go in ensuring sustainable and environmentally friendly communities.

USES OF CITY INFORMATION SYSTEM

Comprehensive Base Map Creation
The advanced GIS mapping capabilities help the users to produce high accuracy base-maps. A comprehensive
base map is created using various data source like satellite images, drone/UAV, ETS/GPS surveys, paper
maps, CAD drawings, tabular data, terrain data, and building plans. A centralise GIS database is created having
data model based on urban standards like AMRUT, NUIS etc. for seamless integration with web GIS
application.

Urban Information System (UIS) Applications

IGiS-Urban offers ready to use application modules for different ULB requirements. Some of the key modules
include property tax, Town planning, estate management, building permission & Building use certification, fire
and disaster management, asset management, road network management, slum, water supply, sewerage
services, storm water management, grievance redressal, parks and garden, health services, education and
solid waste management etc. IGiS-UIS can be central back bone for decision support in urban planning,
capacity and amenities augmentation and day to day administration. Functionality is further enhanced by
integration existing MIS/e-Gov application with GIS to provide spatial interpretation to MIS information.

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Citizen Services that Enhance Transparency
To increase the transparency between the government and the citizens, IGiS-UIS has a specially designed
Citizen Service portal. The citizens can access civic services like property details, part-plan, grievance
redressal, emergency services, nearby facility search, details and direction for landmarks, heritage sites,
amenities & facilities from mobile app or portal.

Integrating IGiS with Building Plan Approval

Urban authorities will be able to use native CAD file formats like DWG, DXF, DGN using the IGiS Urban
Information System. Comprehensive CAD support is extremely useful to build and work with Building plan
approval system. Architects and engineers can upload building plans on the department portal in DWG formats
for quicker and smart approval.

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AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

EXAMPLES OF CITY INFORMATION SYSTEM

An example of City Information System in Seoul, South Korea.

Interface of CIS in South Korea.

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AP121-SITEPLANNING&LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: AR. JUMAR T. BALICAO, UAP 21

City Information System used in Madrid, Spain

The SIT Viewer of the Community of Madrid offers the definitively approved current urban planning
for the 179 municipalities of the Community of Madrid. It includes the general planning as well as its
subsequent modifications and developments.

SIOSE is the Information System on Land Occupation in Spain, integrated into the National Territory
Observation Plan (PNOT), whose objective is to generate a Land Occupation database for all of
Spain at a reference scale of 1:25.000, integrating the information available from the autonomous
communities and the General State Administration.
Includes queries to the maps and databases of land occupation, for the territorial scope of the
Community of Madrid, for the years 2005, 2009 and 2011.

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REFERENCES

https://www.comunidad.madrid/en/servicios/urbanismo-medio-ambiente/cartografia-topografica-tematica
https://www.esri.com/~/media/files/pdfs/library/brochures/pdfs/gis-sols-for-urban-planning.pdf
https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/MIS04/MIS04002FU.pdf
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing/special_issues/Building_Detection
https://natural-resources.canada.ca/maps-tools-publications/satellite-imagery-air-photos/remote-sensing-
tutorials/introduction/passive-vs-active-sensing/14639
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1171611
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1171611
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43618992
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci/special_issues/4XI470637V
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/part-1-why-urban-platforms-fail-scale-alex-gluhak?trk=pulse-article

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