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Bone meal

IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This datasheet is pending revision and updating; its contents are currently derived from FAO's Animal Feed Resources
Information System (1991-2002) and from Bo Göhl's Tropical Feeds (1976-1982).

Common names
Bone meal, bone ash, bone flour, bone charcoal, bone black

Related feed(s)
Feed categories
Animal by-products Feeds from animal origin

Species
Description
Bone meal is a by-product of the slaughtering of livestock and rendering of dead animals. Often the sketetal system (bones) is separated
from meat during the processing of meat. These bones can then be converted into bone meal using several different methods.

Nutritional attributes
Bone meal can be used to provide a source of calcium, phosphorus and other minerals in livestock feeding programs. It can be used to
replace dicalcium phosphate, which can be made from bones by treating them with a caustic and then with HCl and then precipitating
with lime and drying, or other routinely used calcium and phosphorus sources. There are no limitations on using bone meal to replace
other dietary calcium and phosphorus sources. Care needs to be taken when formulating rations to assure that the calcium and
phosphorus ratio do not get out of the acceptable range.

Potential constraints
Bones like other animal by-products should be adequately heated in order to assure that disease agents are not spread.

Ruminants
Researchers found it to be an excellent source of P in feeding dairy cattle (El-Hag et al., 1999).

Pigs
It was demonstrated that it could replace dicalcium phosphate in swine rations (Hynek, 1991).

Poultry
Fresh dried bones were shown to be an acceptable source of Ca and P for layers (Rajic et al., 1993), but care should be taken that it is
heated adequately to ensure that disease organisms are not being spread.

Tables of chemical composition and nutritional value

Bone meal, calcinated Bone meal, raw Bone meal, steamed

Avg: average or predicted value; SD: standard deviation; Min: minimum value; Max: maximum value; Nb: number of values (samples) used

IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This datasheet is pending revision and updating; its contents are currently derived from FAO's Animal Feed Resources
Information System (1991-2002) and from Bo Göhl's Tropical Feeds (1976-1982).

Bone meal, calcinated

Main analysis Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Dry matter % as fed 95.4 1.2 93.3 97.2 24
Crude protein % DM 0.0 1
Crude fibre % DM 0.0 1
Ether extract % DM 0.0 1
Ash % DM 84.5 2.6 76.9 88.4 23
Gross energy MJ/kg DM 1.6 *

Minerals Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Calcium g/kg DM 303.2 18.9 263.0 340.0 24
Phosphorus g/kg DM 140.2 6.5 121.6 148.0 24
Potassium g/kg DM 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.5 19
Sodium g/kg DM 10.0 2.5 6.3 12.9 18
Magnesium g/kg DM 4.2 0.4 3.5 5.1 18

Pig nutritive values Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Energy digestibility, growing pig % 90.1 *

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DE growing pig MJ/kg DM 1.4 *

The asterisk * indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation.
References

Göhl, 1970; Pozy et al., 1996

Last updated on 24/10/2012 00:43:49
Bone meal, raw

Main analysis Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Dry matter % as fed 75.0 1
Crude protein % DM 36.0 1
Crude fibre % DM 3.0 1
Ether extract % DM 4.0 1
Ash % DM 49.0 1
Gross energy MJ/kg DM 11.4 *

Minerals Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Calcium g/kg DM 220.0 1
Phosphorus g/kg DM 100.0 1

Amino acids Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Arginine % protein 8.1 1
Histidine % protein 1.0 1
Isoleucine % protein 2.6 1
Leucine % protein 3.5 1
Lysine % protein 4.7 1
Methionine % protein 0.7 1
Phenylalanine % protein 2.2 1
Threonine % protein 2.5 1
Valine % protein 3.0 1

Pig nutritive values Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Energy digestibility, growing pig % 85.4 *
DE growing pig MJ/kg DM 9.7 *

The asterisk * indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation.
References

Göhl, 1970; Williams, 1955

Last updated on 24/10/2012 00:43:49
Bone meal, steamed

Main analysis Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Dry matter % as fed 92.5 92.0 93.0 2
Crude protein % DM 8.0 6.0 10.0 2
Crude fibre % DM 1.0 0.0 2.0 2
Ether extract % DM 2.0 1.0 3.0 2
Ash % DM 85.0 78.0 92.0 2
Gross energy MJ/kg DM 2.4 *

Minerals Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Calcium g/kg DM 325.0 320.0 330.0 2
Phosphorus g/kg DM 150.0 150.0 150.0 2

Amino acids Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Arginine % protein 7.7 1
Histidine % protein 2.9 1
Isoleucine % protein 7.1 1
Leucine % protein 14.9 1
Lysine % protein 13.5 1
Methionine % protein 2.8 1
Phenylalanine % protein 8.6 1
Threonine % protein 8.9 1
Tryptophan % protein 0.8 1
Tyrosine % protein 11.1 1

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Pig nutritive values Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb

Energy digestibility, growing pig % 88.5 *
DE growing pig MJ/kg DM 2.2 *

The asterisk * indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation.
References

American Meat Institute Foundation, 1960; DLG, 1961; Göhl, 1970

Last updated on 24/10/2012 00:43:49

References
American Meat Institute Foundation, 1960. The science of meat and meat products. New York, Reinhold
Butterworth, M. H. ; Chintsanya, N. C. C. ; Phiri, K. M. J. ; Mitengo Gama, P. W. S, 1984. Stall feeding beef cattle with agricultural by products in Malawi. Trop.
Agric. (Trinidad), 61 (1): 25-28
DLG, 1961. Futterwerttabellen. Frankfurt am Main, DLG Verlags GmbH
El-Hag, F. M. ; El-Wakeel, A. S. ; Fadlalla, B. ; Elamin, E. M., 1997. The response of lactating cows to bone meal supplementation in South Kordufan. J. Nation.
Resources Environ. Studies, 1 (1): 15-18
Göhl, B., 1970. Animal feed from local products and by-products in the British Caribbean. Rome, FAO. AGA/Misc/70/25
Hynek, J., 1991. Glueless bone meal in the nutrition of nursing sows. Zivocisna Vyroba - UVTIZ (CSFR), 36 (1): 27-36

Rajic, I. ; Mihajlovic, B. ; Jovic, M. ; Pavic, P. ; Rackov, V., 1993. Nutritional value of Pikos (raw bone meal) in laying hens feeding. Tehnologija mesa, 34 (2-3):
105-108
Williams, H. H., 1955. Essential amino acid content of animal feeds. Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station. Memoir No. 337

8 references found

Datasheet citation

DATASHEET UNDER CONSTRUCTION. DO NOT QUOTE. http://www.feedipedia.org/node/219 Last updated on June 17, 2010, 0:27

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