9 È

Áø
;
5 ¹Ê
³Á

 6

2006¸ 
9
4 8{
Z

9.1-9.4 È
Áø;
5 ¹Ê
³ Á
1. n/
×5
‘ ÷Ç
 a
߁.
∞
P
€
lim an 6= 0 s , Á
 ºôÇ/
 LÃ
å º rµ
an “
É 1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .
n→∞ n=1
∞
P
Á˜
Ì 
9
+!! lim an = 0 { âÄ
º, an _
ú§
, µ
4 1
Ïíß
–“r
É &
 ÉÃ
ñ½
+ º\
6
O §.
£
n→∞ n=1

>¢
o
9.1 ¥ ¹%
æ V
K ·l

 
2n
1. an = n(n+1)
=⇒
2 22 23 2n+1
a1 = 1·2
= 1, a2 = 2·3
= 23 , a3 = 3·4
= 23 , an+1 = (n+1)(n+2)
.
n
3. an = (−1)n−1 (2xn )! =⇒

x1 x 2−1 x
2
x2
a1 = (−1)1−1 = , a 2 = (−1) = − ,
(21 )! 2 (22 )! 4!
x3 x3 n x
n+1
a3 = (−1)3−1 = , a n+1 = (−1)
(23 )! 8! (2n+1 )!
7.
∞
3 5 7 9 X 2n + 1
− + − + ··· = (−1)n−1 .
1·2 3·4 5·6 7·8 n=1
(2n − 1) · (2n)

8. ∞
x x2 x3 X xn+1
1− + − + ··· = (−1)n−1
4! 7! 10! n=1
(3n − 2)!

1
 9. ∞
1 3 5 7 X 2n − 1
+ + + + ··· =
2 5 8 11 n=1
3n − 1
½
Óó
n-† Í&
ø ñZ
`
O ¦
 6 
x€

2n − 1 2
lim an = lim = = 6= 0
n→∞ n→∞ 3n − 1 3
P∞ 2n−1
ª
Õ QÙ
¼–Ð/
LÃ
å º n=1 3n−1 Hµ

 1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .
15.
∞ ∞
X 1 1X 1
=
k=1
2k(k + 2) 2 k=1 k(k + 2)
n
1 X 1
= lim
2 n→∞ k=1 k(k + 2)
n  
1 X 1 1 1
= lim + + ··· +
2 n→∞ k=1 1 · 3 2 · 4 n · (n + 2)
n  
1 X 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= lim − + − + − + ··· + −
2 n→∞ k=1 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 n n+2
3
=
8
17. ∞ ∞ ∞
X 3k + 4k X 3k X 4k 1 1 15
= + = 3 + 4 =
k=0
5k k=0
5k k=0
5k 1− 5
1− 5
2

19.

0.2424 · · · = 0.24 + 0.0024 + 0.000024 + · · ·

24 24 24
= + + + ···
100 1002 1003
24
100
= 1
1− 100
24
=
99

2
2. \
†&
 ÷
P Ç
5 a
߁. an ≥ 0 
s“ ÊÃ
¦, †
< º f (x)  ƒ
H f (n) = an “
  5
 qs
Å ¦y
“ ™™
Œ è
ÊÃ
†
< º{M
9 :,
∞
P R∞ Rb
º§
an  Ã  (µ
4 1
Ïíß
–) ⇐⇒ 1 f (x)dx = lim 1 f (x)dx à º4§(µ
 1
Ïíß
–).
n=1 b→∞

¹Ê
³
3. p-; Á
∞
X 1
LÃ
å
p-/ º p
€
rp>1s
É
“ Ã
 º§
, p ≤ 1 s
4 €µ
 1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .
n=1
n

4. j
¬ւ
5 a
߁. 0 ≤ an ≤ bn {
M
9 :,
∞
P ∞
P
LÃ
(A) /
å º bn s
ú4
§€ , /
 LÃ
å º an s
ú§
ô
4 Ç
 .
n=1 n=1
P∞ P∞
LÃ
(B) /
å º µ
an s 1
Ïíß , /
–€
 LÃ
å º µ
bn s 1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .
n=1 n=1
∞
P ∞
P
Á˜
Ì 
+!! (A) _ âÄ
º µ
bn s 1
Ïíß 
–€
 an _
ú§
, µ
4 1
Ïíß
–“r·
É ˜Ã
ú º\

O
n=1 n=1
∞
P ∞
P
 
. (B) _ âÄ
º an 
sú§
€
4 
 bn _
ú§
, µ
4 1
Ïíß
–“r·
É ˜Ã
ú º\

O .
n=1 n=1

³
5. ;
øj
5 ¨÷
‚
5 a
߁. 0 < an , 0 < bn {
M
9 :, ¿
º/LÃ
å º
∞
X ∞
X
an , bn
n=1 n=1

@
\ /#
Œ
an
lim = C 6= 0
n→∞ bn


s ½ É:
+ M
º ∞  ∞
P P
LÃ
(A) /
å n=1 bn 
sú§€
4  n=1 an ¸
•Ãº§ô
4 Ç
 .
P∞ P∞
LÃ
(B) /
å º n=1 bn s1µí
Ï ß  n=1 an •
–€
 ¸1µí
Ï ß
–ôÇ
 .

3
6. j
ւ
5 a
߁ø F
9÷
D Ç
5 a
߁. an ≥ 0 9

{M:,
an+1 √
R = lim = lim n an
n→∞ an n→∞


s 
 €

∞
P
€
(A) R < 1 s , /
 LÃ
å º an s
ú§
“
4 ¦,
n=1
P∞
€
(B) R > 1 s , /
 LÃ
å º µ
an s 1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .
n=1
€
(C) R = 1 s , s
 óÍ&
ø ñZ
Ü
O ¼–
ЍHó
 Í&
ø ÉÃ
ñ½
+ º\

O .

>¢
o
9.2-9.4 ¥ ¹%
æ V
K ·l

 

·l
9.2 
 
1. 1 + 31 + 51 + 17 + · · · + 1
2n−1
+ ···
Gô
F Çq
 “Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
:
O bn = n1 s
¿º€ 
 A_
0 /
LÃ
å Hµ
º
 1
Ïíß
–.
1 1 1 1
2. 4
+ 16
+ 36
+ ··· + 4n2
+ ···
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 :bn =
O n2
º§
à 
4
3. 1 + √1 + √1 + √1 + ··· + √1 + ···
2 3 4 n

ì
h
& ró
 Í&
ø ñZ:
O
Z ∞ Z n
1 1  √ n
√ dx = lim √ dx = lim 2 x 1 = ∞ µ
1
Ïíß
–.
1 x n→∞ 1 x n→∞

1
4. 2
+ 15 + 1
10
+ ··· + 1
1+n2
+ ···
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
: bn =
O n2
º§
à .
4
1
5. 2
+ 16 + 1
12
+ ··· + 1
n(n+1)
+ ···
1 1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
: bn =
O n2

s “
¦ an = n(n+1)

s 
€

1
an n(n+1)
lim = lim 1 = 1 6= 0
n→∞ bn n→∞
n2

º ∞ 1
P
s“
 ¦/
PÃ
L
å n=1 n2 s
ú§
Ù
4 ¼– Gô
ÐF Çq
 §ó
“ Í&
ø ñZ
\
O _
#
ΑH]
 j_

∞ 1
LÃ
å
/ º n=1 n(n+1) 
HÃ
 º§
ô
4 Ç
 .

4
 1 2 3 n
6. e
+ e2
+ e3
+ ··· + en
+ ···
ó
q Í&
ø ñZ
:
O

n+1
an+1 en+1 1
R = lim = lim n = <1
n→∞ an n→∞ e
en

Ù
s ¼–
Ðq Í&
ø
ó ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÃº§
.
4
1 1 1 1
7. 3
+ 15
+ 35
+ ··· + 4n2 −1
+ ···
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
:
O bn = n12 Ã
º§ .
4
5 7 9 2n+3
8. 3
+ 15
+ 35
+ ··· + 4n2 −1
+ ···
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
:
O bn = n1 1
Ïí
µ ß
–.
1 1 1
9. 1 + √
2 2
+ √
3 3
+ ··· + √
n n
+ ···
ì
h
& ró
 Í&
ø ñZ
:
O

∞ n  n
−2
Z Z
1 1
√ dx = lim √ dx = lim √ º§
= 2. Ã 
4
1 x x n→∞ 1 x x n→∞ x 1
√ √ √
3 5 2n−1
10. 1 + 2
+ 3
+ ··· + n
+ ···
√
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
:
O an = 2n−1
n
, bn = √1
n

s 
.
√
2n−1 √
an n
lim = lim = 2 6= 0
n→∞ bn n→∞ √1
n

º ∞ √1  µ
P
“
s ¦/
LÃ
å n=1 n s 1
Ïíß
–Ù¼– Gô
ÐF Çq
 §ó
“ Í&
ø ñZ
\
O _
#
ΑH]
 j_

P∞ √
LÃ
å
/ º n=1 2n−1
n
Hµ

 1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .
ln 2 ln 3 ln 4 ln n
11. 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ ··· + n
+ ···
“
q Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
:
O
1 ln n
<
n n
P∞ 1
“
s ¦/ LÃ
å º n=1 n sµ1
Ïíß
–Ù
¼–Ðq “§ó Í&
ø ñZ
\
O _
#
ΑH]
 j_
/LÃ
å º
P ∞ ln n
n=1 n Hµ
 1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .

5
 1
12. 2
+ 29 + 3
28
+ ··· + n
n3 +1
+ ···
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
: bn =
O n2
º§
à .
4
1 n2
13. 2
+ 49 + 9
28
+ ··· + n3 +1
+ ···
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O n
1
Ïí
µ ß
–.
2 5 1 n+3
14. 3
+ 24
+ 10
+ ··· + n(n+1)(n+2)
+ ···
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O n2
º§
à .
4
2
15. 3
+ 2( 32 )2 + 3( 23 )3 + · · · + n( 32 )n + · · ·
ó
q Í&
ø ñZ
:
O

an+1 (n + 1)( 23 )n+1 2

R = lim = lim 2 = <1
n→∞ an n→∞ n( 3 )n 3
Ù
s ¼–
Ðq Í&
ø
ó ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÃº§
.
4
1 1 1 1
16. 2 ln 2
+ 3 ln 3
+ 4 ln 4
+ ··· + n ln n
+ ···
ì
h
& ró
 Í&
ø ñZ
:
O

Z ∞ Z n
1 1
dx = lim dx = lim [ln(ln x)]n1 = ∞. µ
1
Ïíß
–
1 x ln x n→∞ 1 x ln x ln x=t n→∞

17. sin π + 14 sin π2 + 19 sin π3 + · · · + 1

n2
sin πn + · · ·
“
q Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
:
O
1 π 1
2
sin < 2
n n n
P∞ 1
“
s ¦/ LÃ
å º n=1 n2 sú§Ù
4 ¼– Ðq “Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
\
O _
#
ΑH]
 j_
/LÃ
å º
P ∞ 1 π
HÃ
n=1 n2 sin n 
 º§
ô
4 Ç
 .
1 √1 1 1
18. 2
+ 2
+ √
3
2
+ ··· + √
n
2
+ ···
½
n†
ÓóÍ&
ø ñZ
:
O
1
lim √
n
= 1 6= 0
n→∞ 2
Ù
s ¼– ½
Ðn†
ÓóÍ&
ø ñZ
\
O _
#
ε1
Ïíß
–.

6
 ·l
9.3 
 
1 1 1 1
1. 1·2
+ 2·22
+ 3·23
+ ··· + n·2n
+ ···
“
q Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
:
O
1 1
n
< n
n·2 2
P∞ 1

s
P“¦/ LÃ
å º n=1 2n s
ú§Ù
4 ¼–Ðq §ó
“ Í&
ø ñZ
\
O _
#
ΑH]
 j_
/LÃ
å º
∞ 1
HÃ
n=1 n·2n 
 º§
ô
4 Ç
 .
2. 1 + 31 + 51 + · · · + 1
2n−1
+ ···
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O n
1
Ïí
µ ß
–.
1 1 1 1
3. 2
+ 42
+ 63
+ ··· + (2n)n
+ ···
Hó

 Í&
ø ñZ
:
O s
√ n
1
R = lim n
an = lim =0<1
n→∞ n→∞ (2n)n
Ù
s ¼–
ÐHó
 Í&
ø ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÃº§
ô
4 Ç
 .
1 1 1 1
4. 1·2
+ 3·4
+ 5·6
+ ··· + (2n−1)·2n
+ ···
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O n2
º§
à .
4
5. √1 + √1 + √
1
+ ··· + √1 + ···
2 4 6 2n

Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : an =
O √1 , bn = √1 
s 
€

2n n

√1
an 2n 1
lim = lim = √ 6= 0
n→∞ bn n→∞ √1 2
n
P∞
Ù
s ¼–
Ð/LÃ
å º √1 HÃ

 º§
ô
4 Ç
 .
n=1 2n

3 4 5 n+2
6. 1·2
+ 2·3
+ 3·4
+ ··· + n·(n+1)
+ ···
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O n
1
Ïí
µ ß
–.
1 1 1
7. 1 + ln 2
+ ln 3
+ ··· + ln n
+ ···
“
q Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
:
O
1 1
<
n ln n
P∞ 1
P∞ 1
“
s ¦/
LÃ
å º n=1 n µ
s 1
Ïíß
–Ù
¼–Ð n=1 ln n
¸µ
• 1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .

7
 1 1 1 1
8. 1·2·3
+ 2·3·4
+ 3·4·5
+ ··· + n(n+1)(n+2)
+ ···
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O n3
º§
à .
4
1 1 1 1√
9. 2
+ √
3 2
+ √
4 3
+ ··· + (n+1) n
+ ···
1 1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O √
n n
= n3/2
º§
à 
4
1 1
10. 2
sin π + 22
sin π2 + 1
23
sin π3 + · · · + 1
2n
sin πn + · · ·
“
q Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
:
O
1 π 1
sin ≤
2n n 2n
P∞ 1
P∞ 1
“
s ¦ n=1 2n sÃ
 º§
Ù
4 ¼–Ð n=1 2n sin πn ¸
•Ãº§
ô
4 Ç
 .
1 1 1
11. 1 + 1+ln 2
+ 1+ln 3
+ ··· + 1+ln n
+ ···
“
q Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
:
O
1 1
1 + ln n < 1 + n =⇒
<
1+n 1 + ln n
P∞ 1
P∞ 1
“
s ¦ n=1 n+1 µ
s 1
Ïíß
–Ù
¼Ð–/
Lº
å Ã n=1 1+ln n
¸µ
• 1
Ïí ß
–ôÇ
 .
1
12. 4
+ ( 72 )2 + ( 10
3 3 n
) + · · · + ( 3n+1 )n + · · ·
Hó

 Í&
ø ñZ
:
O
r
√ n 1
R = lim n
an = lim n
( )n = < 1
n→∞ n→∞ 3n + 1 3
Ù
s ¼–
ÐHó
 Í&
ø ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÃº§
ô
4 Ç
 .
√ √ √
1 2 3 n
13. 2
+ 5
+ 10
+ ··· + n2 +1
+ ···
1 1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O √
n n
= n3/2
º§
à 
4

14. √1 + √1 + √1 + ··· + √ 1 + ···

3 10 29 n3 +2
1 1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O √
n n
= n3/2 º§
à 
4
cos2 cos 3 cos n
15. cos 1 + 22
+ 32
+ ··· + n2
+ ···
“
q Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
:
O
cos n 1
2
< 2
n n
P∞ 1
P∞ cos n
“
s ¦ n=1 n2 Ã
s º§
Ù
4 ¼–Ð n=1 n2
¸Ã
• º§
ô
4 Ç
 .

8
 2+1 22 +2 23 +3 2n +n
16. 3
+ 32
+ 33
+ ··· + 3n
+ ···
“
q Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
:
O
2n + n 2n + 2n 2 · 2n 2n+1
< = =
3n 3n 3n 3n
¦ ∞ 2n+1
º ∞ 2n +n
P P
s“
 n=1 3n “rÁ
É Ç1
ºô
 xq
p /
LÃ
å ºs
Ù¼–
Ðú§
Ù
4 ¼–Ð/
LÃ
å n=1 3n
¸Ã
• º§
ô
4 Ç
 .
1+1 √ 2+1 √ 3+1 √ n+1 √
17. (5·1+2) 1
+ (5·2+2) 2
+ (5·3+2) 3
+ ··· + (5·n+2) n
+ ···
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O √1 = 1
1
Ïí
µ ß
–
n n1/2

7·1+2 7·2+2 7·3+2 7·n+2

18. 2·15 +7
+ 2·25 +7
+ 2·35 +7
+ ··· + 2·n5 +7
+ ···
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O n4
º§
à 
4
2·1+1 2·2+1 2·3+1 2·n+1
19. √
14 +1
+ √
24 +1
+ √
34 +1
+ ··· + √
n4 +1
+ ···
2·n+1 1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : an =
O √
n4 +1
, bn = n

s 
€

2·n+1
√
an n4 +1
lim = lim 1 = 2 6= 0
n→∞ bn n→∞
n
P∞ P∞ 1
P∞ 2·n+1
“
s ¦ n=1 bn = n=1 n µ
s 1
Ïíß
–Ù
¼–Ð n=1
√
n4 +1
¸µ
• 1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .
2·1+1 2·2+1 2·3+1 2·n+1
20. √
15 +1
+ √
25 +1
+ √
35 +1
+ ··· + √
n5 +1
+ ···
1 1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O √
n n
= n3/2
º§
à 
4
1 23/2
33/2 n3/2
21. 2
+ 25/2 +2·2−1
35/2 +2·3−1
+ + ··· + n5/2 +2n−1
+ ···
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“  : bn = n1
ñZ
O 1
Ïí
µ ß
–.
1 22 32 n2
22. 2
+ 2 23
+ 2 33
+ ··· + 2n3
+ ···

·l
9.4 
 
2 3 4 n+1
2. 3
+ 32
+ 33
+ ··· + 3n
+ ···
ó
q Í&
ø ñZ
:
O
n+2
an+1 3n+1 1
R = lim = lim n+1 = <1
n→∞ an n→∞ 3
3n
Ù
s ¼–
Ðq Í&
ø
ó ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÃº§
ô
4 Ç
 .

9
 2 4 6 2n
4. π
+ 3π 2
+ 5π 3
+ ··· + (2n−1)π n
+ ···
ó
q Í&
ø ñZ
:
O
2n+2
an+1 (2n+3)π n+1 1
R = lim = lim 2n = <1
n→∞ an n→∞ π
(2n−1)π n

Ù
s ¼–
Ðq Í&
ø
ó ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÃº§
ô
4 Ç
 .

5. √1
1·2
+ √1
2·3
+ √1
3·4
+ ··· + √ 1
+ ···
n(n+1)
1
Gô
F Çq
 Í&
ø
§ó
“ ñZ
 : bn =
O n
1
Ïí
µ ß
–.
2! 4! 6! (2n)!
7. (1!)2
+ (2!)2
+ (3!)2
+ ··· + (n!)2
+ ···
ó
q Í&
ø ñZ
:
O
(2(n+1))!
an+1 ((n+1)!)2
R = lim = lim (2n)!
n→∞ an n→∞
(n!)2
2
(n!) (2n + 2)!
= lim
n→∞ (2n)!((n + 1)!)2

(2n + 2)(2n + 1)
= lim =4>1
n→∞ (n + 1)2

Ù
s ¼–
Ðq Í&
ø
ó ñZ
\
O _
#
ε1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .
1 1·2 1·2·3 n!
10. 1
+ 1·3
+ 1·3·5
+ ··· + 1·3·5···(2n−1)
+ ···
ó
q Í&
ø ñZ
:
O
an+1
R = lim
n→∞ an
(n+1)!
1·3·5···(2n−1)(2n+1)
= lim n!
n→∞
1·3·5···(2n−1)
n+1 1
= lim = <1
n→∞ 2n + 1 2
Ù
s ¼–
Ðq Í&
ø
ó ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÃº§
ô
4 Ç
 .

10
 22 23 2n
12. 2 + 22
+ 32
+ ··· + n2
+ ···
ó
q Í&
ø ñZ
:
O
2n+1
an+1 (n+1)2
lim = lim 2n =2>1
n→∞ an n→∞
n2

Ù
s ¼–
Ðq Í&
ø
ó ñZ
\
O _
#
ε1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .

16. (ln 1)2 + ( ln22 )2 + ( ln

3)2
3
+ · · · + ( lnnn )2 + · · ·
ì
h
& ró
 Í&
ø ñZ
:
O

Z ∞ Z ∞ 2
ln x 2 t
( ) dx = dt
1 x ln x=t 0 et

Œl
# "
f
t2
Z Z
2 −t
dt 0 = 1 −t e +2 te−t dt
et u = t2
v 0
= e−t

u0 = 2t v = −e−t
@ A

Z
2 −t −t
= 1 −t e − 2te +2 e−t dt
0 −t
0
u = t v = e
u0 = 1 v = −e−t
@ A

= −e−t (t2 + 2t + 2) + C

Ù
s ¼–
Ð
Z ∞ 2 Z n 2
t t
t
dt = lim dt
0 e n→∞ et
 0 −t 2 n
= lim −e (t + 2t + 2) 0
n→∞
 2 
−n + 2n + 2
= lim +2 =2
n→∞ en
P∞ ln n 2
Ù
s ¼–
Ð/LÃ
å º n=1 ( n ) rÃ
É
“ º§
ô
4 Ç
 .

Qt
 ëH]
 jH .....

•

19 õ
¸ 16
 ð ø
Ít Ð&
– ì
h ró
 Í&
ø ñZ
`
O ¦æ
 ¼“
¦Â r&
Òì
 ì
h r`
 ¦
 6 Η
x# ø
Í
&
ñ.!!

11
 ‰7
9.5 â Ê
Á]ø œ
¿ž Á
>Ê ]
1. ¬
¨7 ¹Ê
³
; Á÷
Ç
5 a
߁ . an > 0 {
M
9 :,

a1 ≥ a2 ≥ a3 ≥ · · ·

“
s ¦
lim an = 0
n→∞

€
s , “
 §@//
LÃ
å º
∞
X
(−1)n+1 an = a1 − a2 + a3 − a4 + · · · − a2k + a2k+1 − · · ·
n=1

HÃ

 º§
ô
4 Ç
 .
∞
P
‰7
2. â , F
j 9÷
D Ç
5 a
߁. å
/Ã
L º an \
@/#
Œ
n=1

an+1 p
L = lim = lim n |an |
n→∞ an n→∞


s 
 €

∞
P
€
(A) L < 1 s , /
 LÃ
å º ]
an s @
X º§
/à “
4 ¦,
n=1
P∞
€
(B) L > 1 s , /
 LÃ
å º µ
an s 1
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 .
n=1

€
(C) L = 1 s , s
 óÍ&
ø ñZ
Ü
O ¼–
ЍHó
 Í&
ø ÉÃ
ñ½
+ º\

O .

>¢
o
9.5 ¥ ¹%
æ V
K ·l

 
1 3 5 7
1. 2
− 22
+ 23
− 24
+ ···
ì
9
{ ø
Í†Ó an = (−1)n−1 2n−1
½ 2n
Ù
s Ð]
¼– @
X ó
/q Í&
ø ñZ
`
O ¦
 6 
x€

2n+1
|an+1 | 2n+1 1
L = lim = lim 2n−1 = <1
n→∞ |an | n→∞ 2
2n

Ù
s ¼–
ÐÅÒ#
Q”/
 LÃ
å H]
º
 @
X º§
/Ã ô
4 Ç
 .

12
 1 1 1 1 1
2. 2·3
− 4·5
+ 6·7
− 8·9
+ · · · + (−1)n−1 2n(2n−1) + ···
1
|an | = 2n(2n−1)
Ù
s ¼–
ÐF Çq
Gô
 §ó
“ Í&
ø ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÁ Ç/
ºô
 LÃ
å º
∞ ∞
X X 1
|an | =
n=1 n=1
2n(2n − 1)

HÃ

 º§
ô
4 Ç
 . 
"
fÒÅ#
Q”/
 LÃ
å H]
º
 @
X º§
/Ã .
4
2
3. 3
− 35 + 74 − 59 + · · ·
n+1
an = (−1)n−1 2n+1 ¼
s ٖ ½
Ðn†
ÓóÍ&
ø ñZ
`
O ¦
 6 
x€


n+1 1
lim |an | = lim = 6= 0
n→∞ n→∞ 2n + 1 2
#
s Q"
fÅÒ#
Q”/
 LÃ
å Hµ
º
 1
Ïíß
–.
1
4. 6
− 18 + 1
10
1
− 12 + ···
n−1 1
an = ¼
s ٖ
Г§@
(−1) 2n+4//LÃ
å Í&
ø
ºó ñZ
\
O _
#
Œ›¸|
ú§
s
4 ë
t ß
–
@
]
X /ú§
“
4 r
É m
.

5. 1 − √1 + √1 − √1 + ···
3 5 7

an = √1 
s 
€

n
a1 > a 2 > · · ·
“
s ¦
1
lim √ = 0
n→∞ n
sÙ
 ¼–
Г§@//
LÃ
å Í&
ø
ºó ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÃº§
, ]
4 @
X º§
/à “
4 LÃ
r (p-/
É å Í&
ø
ºó _
ñ\ 
#
Œ) 
m
.
3 33 33 4
6. 2!
− 4!
+
6!
− 38! + · · ·
3n
an = (−1)n−1 (2n)! @
]
X /q Í&
ø
ó ñZ

O

3 n+1
an+1 (−1)n (2(n+1))!
L = lim = lim n =0<1
n→∞ an n→∞ (−1)n−1 3
(2n)!

Ù
s ¼–
ÐÅÒ#
Q”/
 LÃ
å H]
º
 @
X º§
/Ã .
4

13
 7. 2( 23 ) − 4( 32 )2 − 6( 23 )3 + 8( 32 )4 + · · ·
|an | = (2n)( 23 )n s
Ù Ð]
¼– @
X ó
/q Í&
ø ñZ
\
O _
#
Œ

an+1 (2(n + 1))( 32 )n+1 2

L = lim = lim 2 n = <1
n→∞ an n→∞ (2n)( 3 ) 3

Ù
s ¼–
ÐÅÒ#
Q”/
 LÃ
å H]
º
 @
X º§
/Ã .
4
π 2π 3π
10 sin 10 sin 10 sin 10 sin nπ
8. 12
6
+ 22
6
+ 32
6
+ ··· n2
6
+ ···

10 sin nπ
6 10
|an | = 2
≤ 2
n n
Ù
s ¼–
Ðq §ó
“ Í&
ø ñZ
\
O  Œ]
_# @
X º§
/Ã .
4
1 1 1 1
9. 2
− 23
+ 25
− 27
+ ···
1
|an | = 22n−1
ºô
. Á Ç1
 xq
p /
LÃ
å ºs
Ù Ð]
¼– @
X º§
/Ã .
4
1
10. 3
− 27 + 3
11
4
− 15 + ···
n
|an | = 4n−1
. n† ½
ÓóÍ&
ø ñZ\
O  #
_ ε1
Ïíß
–.
1 2!
11. 9
+
92
+ 93!3 + 94!4 + · · ·
an = 9n!n q
ó Í&
ø ñZ \
O _ #
Π1
Ïí
µ ß
–.
1 1 1 1
12. log 2
− log 3
+ log 4
− log 5
+ ···

1 1 1
> > > ···
log 2 log 2 log 3
“
s ¦
1
lim =0
n→∞ log n

Ù
s ¼–
Г§@
//LÃ
å Í&
ø
ºó ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÃº§
 t
4 ë–]
ß @
X º§
/à “
4 r
É m
.
1 22 33 44
13. 10
− 30
+ 50
− 70
+ ···

nn 1
|an | = >
10(2n − 1) 10(2n − 1)
“
q Í&
ø
§ó ñZ
\
O _
#
ε1
Ïíß
–.

14
 102 103 104
14. 10 − 3!
+ 5!
− 7!
+ ···
10n
|an | = (2n−1)!
@
]
X Í&
ø
ó
/q ñZ
\
O _ Œ]
# @
X º§
/Ã .
4
3 4 5 6
15. 1·2
− 2·3
+ 3·4
− 4·5
+ ···

3 4 5 6
> > >
1·2 2·3 3·4 4·5
“
s ¦
n+2
lim =0
n→∞ n(n + 1)

Ù
s ¼–
Г§@
//LÃ
å Í&
ø
ºó ñZ
\
O _
#
ŒÃº§
 t
4 ë–]
ß @
X º§
/à “
4 r
É m
.
cos π3 cos π3 cos π3
16. cos π3 − 2!
+ 3!
− 4!
+ ···

| cos nπ
3
| 1
≤ |an | =
n! n!
Ù
s ¼Ð
–q §ó
“ Í&
ø ñZ

O \ Œ]
_# @
X /à º§ .
4
1 1 1
17. e − e 2 + e 3 − e 4 + · · ·
½
n†
ÓóÍ&
ø ñZ
:
O
lim e1/n = 1 6= 0
n→∞

Ù
s е
¼– 1
Ïíß
–.
18. sin 1 + 2 sin 21 + 3 sin 31 + · · · + n sin n1 + · · ·
½
n†
ÓóÍ&
ø ñZ
:
O
1 sin 1
lim n sin = lim 1 n = 1 6= 0
n→∞ n n→∞ n
Ù
s е
¼– 1
Ïíß
–.
2 3 4
19. 1 − 22 +1
+ 32 +1
− 42 +1
+ ···

2 3 4 n
1> > 2 > 2 > ··· > 2 < ···
22 +1 3 +1 4 +1 n +1
“
s ¦
n
=0 lim
n→∞ n2 + 1

Ù
s ¼Ð
–“§/
@Ã Í&
ø
ºó ñZ

O \_
#ŒÃ º§ t
4 ëß
–X]@
 º§
/à “
4 r
É m
.

15
 20. sin−1 − 2!1 sin−1 12 + 1
3!
sin−1 13 − 1
4!
sin−1 41 + · · ·
1
| sin−1 |
|an | = n!
n
,]
@
X ó
/q Í&
ø ñZ
\
O _ Œ]
# @
X º§
/Ã .
4

9.6 ‚
;
” ¹Ê
³ Á
r
a0 , a1 , a2 , · · · “
É ©
œÃºs
“¦x
Ã
 M
9
º{ :,
∞
X
an x n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + · · · + an x n · · ·
n=0

\
 "
¦x_ /
4 LÃ
å º
“ 4
¦, s 
"/LÃ
å º_
ú§
ì
4 Í
ø â“
r
É
an
r = lim
n→∞ an+1
º§
9, Ã
s ½
4 ß
¨ç
–“r
É
|x| < r
 x = r, x = −r `
õ ¦@
 ô
9
/{ Çê
 º§
ÊÃ ,µ
4 1
Ïíß
–`¦›
 ¸
#ŒÃ º§
½
4 ß
¨ç
–\Ÿ Êr
í†
< †

. \
 V\¦[
 t#
þ Qëß
–{x=r“
9 
 âÄ
ºÃº§“
4 M
9
¦ x = −r { 1
:µ
Ïíß
–ôÇ
 €
, Ã
 º§
4
¨ç
½ ß
–“r
É
−r < x ≤ r

s )
a.
>¢
o
¥ ¹%
æ V
K ·l

 

1. 1 + x + x2 + · · · + xn−1 + · · · Ã
º§½
4 ß
¨ç
–.

an = 1

1
r = lim =1
n→∞ 1
“
s ¦
x = 1 : 1 + 1 + ··· 1
Ïí
µ ß
–
x = −1 : 1 − 1 + 1 − · · · 1
Ïí
µ ß
–

 " º§
f, Ã ½
4 ß
¨ç
–“r
É
|x| < 1.

16
 3. x + 2!x2 + 3!x3 + · · · + n!xn + · · · .
an = n! s
Ù¼–
Ð

n!
r = lim =0
n→∞ (n + 1)!

 " M
9
fx=0{ ß
:ë
м̤
ô
4 Ç
 .
√x x2 n−1
x√
9. 1 + 2
+ √
3
+ ··· + n
+ ···
an = √1 Ù
s ¼–
Ð
n

√1
an n
r = lim = lim 1 =1
n→∞ an+1 n→∞ √
n+1

“
s ¦
1 1
x = 1 =⇒ 1 + √ + √ + · · · µ
1
Ïíß
–
2 3
1 1 1
x = −1 =⇒ 1 − √ + √ − √ + · · · à º§

4
2 3 4

 "
fú§
½
4 ß
¨ç
–“r
É
−1 ≤ x < 1.
x x2 x3 xn
11. 1·2
+ 22 ·22
+ 32 ·23
+ ··· + n2 ·2n
+ ···
1
an = n2 ·2n
“
s ¦

1
an n2 ·2n
r = lim = lim 1 =2
n→∞ an+1 n→∞
(n+1)2 ·2n+1

1 1
x = 2 =⇒ 1 + 2
+ 2 + ··· ºÃ§

4
2 3
1 1
º4
x = −2 =⇒ 1 − 2 + 2 − · · · Ã §

2 3

 "
fú§
½
4 ß
¨ç
–“r
É
−2 ≤ x ≤ 2.

17
17. (x − 1) + 12 (x − 1)2 + 13 (x − 1)3 + · · ·
1
an = n
Ù
s ¼–
Ð

1
an n
r = lim = lim 1 =1
n→∞ an+1 n→∞
n+1

1 1
+ + ··· 1µí
Ï
x − 1 = 1 =⇒ 1 + ß
–
2 3
1 1
º4
x − 1 = −1 =⇒ 1 − + − · · · Ã §

2 3

 f
"ú§
½
4 ß
¨ç
–“r
É

−1 ≤ x − 1 < 1 =⇒ 0 ≤ x < 2.

21. ( x−1
x
) + 12 ( x−1
x
)2 + 13 ( x−1
x
)3 + · · ·
1
an = n
Ù
s ¼–
Ð

1
an n
r = lim = lim 1 =1
n→∞ an+1 n→∞
n+1

x−1 1 1
= 1 =⇒ 1 + + + · · · 1
µí
Ï ß
–
x 2 3
x−1 1 1
º4
= −1 =⇒ 1 − + − · · · Ã §

x 2 3

 f
"ú§
½
4 ß
¨ç
–“r
É
x−1 1 1 1
−1 ≤ < 1 =⇒ −1 ≤ 1 − < 1 =⇒ 0 < ≤ 2 =⇒ x ≥ .
x x x 2

23. ex + e2x + e3x + · · ·

A_
0 "
/
4 LÃ
å º
H/
 Nq
B  ex “
Á
 Ç1
ºô
 xq
p /
LÃ
å ºs
. 
"
fú§

4 9€


ex < 1 =⇒ x < 0.

18
 m(m−1) 2 m(m−1)(m−2) 3
25. 1 + mx + 2!
x + 3!
x + ···

m(m − 1)(m − 2) · · · (m − n + 1)
an =
n!
Ù
s ¼–
Ð

an
r = lim
n→∞ an+1
m(m−1)(m−2)···(m−n+1)
n!
= lim m(m−1)(m−2)···(m−n+1)(m−n)
n→∞
(n+1)!
n+1
= lim
n→∞ m−n
=1

1 x3 1 3 x5 1 3 5 x7
27. x + 2 3
+ 24 5
+ 246 7
+ ···

13 2n − 1 1
an = ··· ·
24 2n 2n + 1

an
r = lim
n→∞ an+1
13
24
· · · 2n−1
2n
· 1
2n+1
= lim 13
n→∞
24
· · · 2n−1
2n
· 2n+1
· 1
2n+2 2n+3
(2n + 2)(2n + 3)
= lim
n→∞ (2n + 1)2
=1

19