ECN-352 Lab Report

OBJECT: Implementation and analysis of BPSK and ASK modulation and demodulation.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: AD633 IC, Breadboard, Capacitors of 0.1 μF, Function

generator, Oscilloscope, Power Supply, Jumper wires.

THEORY: One modulation technique called ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) is used to send
digital signals. The message signal is represented by a square wave as the data is a
stream of binary digits (0 and 1). A sine wave is transmitted in ASK when the square
wave is high (bit 1), and no signal is transmitted when the square wave is low (bit 0).

Thus, by first determining the unipolar non-return to zero representation of a square

wave and then multiplying it by carrier wave, we may create an ASK modulated signal.
We can set the square wave offset to equal the peak amplitude in order to obtain the
unipolar non-return to zero form.

Binary Phase Shift Keying, or BPSK In BPSK, we transmit a sine wave for the time that the
square wave is high (bit 1), and a 180 0 phase-shifted sine wave (which is the opposite
of a sine wave) for the duration that the square wave is low (bit 0).

Therefore, by first determining the bipolar non-return to zero representation of the

square wave and then multiplying it by the carrier wave, we may create a BPSK
modulated signal. We can adjust the square wave's offset to zero in order to cause the
bipolar non-return to zero form.

As a result, we observed that both modulation strategies require a multiplier. For our
experiment, the multiplier will be AD633 IC.

PROCEDURE: AD633 is a low-cost multiplier composed of a trans linear core, high

impedance differential inputs ( X and Y), a hidden Zener reference, a unity gain linked
output amplifier with an accessible high impedance summing node (Z). Pins 1 and 2
represent the first signal, Pins 3 and 4 represent the second signal, Pin 5 is -Vs, Pin 6 is
for summing input, Pin 7 is for taking output, and Pin 8 is +Vs. This makes a total of 8
pins.

The AD633 IC is well suited for applications such as modulation, demodulation, ADC,
voltage-controlled amplifier, frequency doubler, power measurement, etc. AD633 uses
0.1 as the multiplication factor.

The frequency of the square wave is set to be 250 Hz with a peak-peak amplitude of 4.5
V and the carrier signal used is a sine wave with a peak-peak amplitude of 1.9 V and a
frequency of 2.3 kHz. The message signal that is the square wave is given as the
differential input X (pin 1 and 2) and the carrier signal is given as the differential input Y
(pin 3 and 4). A 10 V DC supply is given at pin 6, pin 5 is connected to the ground via a
0.1 μF capacitor, pin 8 is connected to a 15 V power supply and also grounded via a 0.1
μF capacitor, the final output is measured from pin 7.

RESULT and conclusion: - BPSK modulator and demodulator circuits were set up and
the waveforms were plotted. Conclusion So we can see that in ASK, whenever the
square wave is high (bit 1) then the transmitted pulse is a sine wave and when bit is 0
the transmitted signal is a DC value. In BPSK, when bit is 1 then sine wave is
transmitted. and when bit is 0, a 180 degree phase shifted sine wave is transmitted,
thus we see discontinuities in output wave at the edges of square wave.

BPSK:

ASK: