Jamia Millia Islamia

Faculty of law
PROJECT- SOCIOLOGY

TOPIC: TYPES OF SOCIETIES

SUBMITTED TO

Mr. RASHEED CA SIR

SUBMITED BY

Faisal
BA.LLB (SF) 1st semester
BATCH:2021-2026
INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….1
2. MEANING OF SOCIETY…………………………………
3. DEFINATION

References
There are no sources in the current document.

4. OF SOCIETY
5. TYPES OF SOCIETIES
5.1. PREINDUSTRIAL
(1) hunter and gathering societies
(2) Pastoral
(3) Horticulture

4.2. AGRICULTURAL

4.3. FEUDAL

4.4. INDUSTRIAL

4.5 POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

5 .CONCLUSION

6. REFERENCE

MEANING OF SOCIETY
· The term society is derived from the Latin word” socius” which means companionship or
friendship.

· Two primary components of a society are its culture and its social structure
 · Society is one of the basic sociological term. In simple sense, society is a large grouping
that share the same geographical territory, shares a common culture and social structure, and
expected to abide by some laws.

· More advanced societies do share a political authority.

· According to sociologists Gerhard Lenski (1924) defined societies in terms of their

technological sophistication. As a society advance, so dies its use of technology.

Ø DEFINATION OF SOCIETY

· Maclver and Page: “ society is a system of usage and procedures, authority and mental
aid, of many grouping and diversion of controls of human behaviour and of liberties.

· Lipiere: “The term society refers not to a group of people, but to the complex pattern of
norms of interaction that arise among and between them”

· Adam smith: “ society is an artificial device of natural economy”

· Gidding: “ society is the union itself, the organization, the sum of social relations in
which associating individuals are bound together”

· G.D.H. cole: “society is the complex of organised association and institutions within
the community”

TYPES OF SOCIETIES
Sociologists generally classify societies along a spectrum of their level of
internationalization from preindustrial to industrial to post industrial.

· Preindustrial
· Before the industrial revolution and the widespread use of machines, society
were small rural and dependent largely on local resources.

Economic production was limited to the amount of labour a human being

would provide and there were.

A. Hunter and gatherer societies

According to Gerhard Lenski (“human societies” (1970)) “ the oldest and the simple
lift type of society is the “ hunting and gathering society” such a society is
characterised by a small and spares population, a nomadic way of life and very
primitive technology. they have the most primitive tools such as stone, axes, Spears
and knives.

· The very first occupation was that of hunter gatherer.

· Demonstrate the strongest dependence on the environment.

· As the basic structure of human society until about, 10,000-12,000 year ago,
this groups were based on kinship or tribes.

· Relied on their surroundings for survival and haunted wild animals and foraged for
uncultivated plant for food.

· They were nomadic- when resources become scarce and limited they move to a new
area for survival.

· These were common until several hundred years ago, but today only a few hundred
remain in existence such as indigenous Australian tribes.

· Hunter gatherer groups are quickly dis appearing as the world`s population exploded.

B. PASTORAL
 · Changing conditions and adaptations led some societies to rely on the
domestication of animals where circumstances permitted changing.

· Roughly 7,500 years ago, human societies begin recognise their ability to
tame and breed animals and to grow and cultivate their own plants such as
Maasai villager, rely on the domestication of animals as a resource for
survival

C. HORTICULTURE

· Framed in areas where rainfall and other conditions allowed them to grow
stable crops.

· Largely dependent on the environment for survival but they did not have
to abandon their location to follow resources, they were able to start
permanent settlements which create more stability and more natural goods
and become the basis for the first revolution in human survival.

· AGRICULTURAL

· Relied on permanent tools for survival.

· Around 3000 BCE, explosive of new technology known as the agriculture revolution
made farming possible and profitable.

· New more effective and long lasting tool of metal were made.

· Towns and cities developed become central of trade and commerce.

· Dawn of civilization -engage in more contemplative and thoughtful activities such as

music, poetry and philosophy.
 3.FEUDAL
· 9th century gave rise to feudal societies

· Contained hierarchical system of power based around land ownership and protection

· The social and economic system of feudalism failed and was replaced by capitalism and
the technological advance of the industrial era

4.INDUSTRIAL

· In the 18th century, Europe experienced dramatic rise in technological invention.

· This was made remarkable by a number of new inventions that influenced people`s daily
lives.

· The new generation become more Sociology was born during 18th and 19th century of the
industrialization revolution on acquiring wealth and achieving upward mobility for themselves
and their families.

· Sociology was born during 18th and 19 century of industrial revolution.

5. POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

· Information societies, sometime known as post industrial or digital societies, or a recent

development

· Since the economy is driven by knowledge and not material goods, power lies with those
in charge of storing and distributing information

· Social classes are divided by access to education, since without technical skill, people in
an Information Society lake the means of success.
Ø CONCLUSION

· We understand from this assignment work, societies are classified according to

their development and use of the technology for most of human history, people
lived in preindustrial societies characterised by limited technology and low
production of goods. after the industrial revolution, many societies based their
economics around mechanized labour, leading to greater profits and a trend
toward great social mobility. At the turn of the new Millennium, a new type of
society emerged. this post industrial, or Information, Society is built on digital
technology and nonmaterial goods