BY: S.

DEVA HARSHINI
LET US SEE HOW A SINGLE PHASE
TRANSFORMER LOOKS LIKE
1.Power transformer
TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS
2.Distribution transformer
3.Control transformer
4.Converter Transformer
5.Lighting transformer
6.Isolation transformer
7.Welding transformer
8.Current transformer
9.Earthing Transformer
10.Step-up transformer
11.Step down transformer
12.Voltage transformer
13.Capacitive voltage transformer
14.Loading Transformer
15.Unit Auxiliary Transformer
16.Summation current transformer
17.Single-phase transformer and Three-phase transformer
18.Interposing current transformer
19.Indoor transformer & Outdoor transformer
20.Air-Core Transformer
21.Iron Core Transformer
22.Ferrite Core Transformer
23.Auto Transformer
24.Rotary transformer
25.Audio transformer
26.RF Transformer
27.Dry transformer
28.Core Type Transformer
29.Shell Type Transformer
30.Berry Type Transformer
CORE TYPE SHELL TYPE BERRY TYPE
 Let us see what’s making difference
between those types
And how they are constructed internally
Core
Limb
Yoke
Windings
Main tank
Conservator
Breather
Explosion Vent
Buchholz relay
 CORE
CORE SHELL
TYPE TYPE

function of core
Made up of Carries the flux from
high grade primary to secondary
silicon winding
 CORE

LIMB YOKE
 The vertical portion of the core  The horizontal portion of core
 Carries the windings  Carries the flux from one winding to another

limb limb
limb limb limb

Core type Shell type

yokes has 2 limbs has 3 limbs yokes
 Types of windings
 The coils that wound on the limbs Rectangular
 They are insulated from each other Square
 Function is to carry current Helical
Disc
Cylindrical
Sandwich
Cruciform
3 stepped cruciform

Windings
Difference
Core type Shell type
Primary
Primary and Primary and
winding
secondary secondary
Primary Secondary windings are on windings are
winding winding different limbs on same limb
 Construction of core
1. Laminations are used
Lamination is the technique/process of
manufacturing a material in multiple layers
WHY?
Core is thin & laminated in
transformer to avoid the loss of
eddy current. Eddy current is
induced in core and circulates
normal to the width of the core
causing heat.
 Types of laminations used for construction of core
1) Core type
L shaped laminations U shaped laminations T shaped laminations
 2) Shell type
E-I lamination E-E lamination
 Construction of core
2.Made of low reluctance material
Magnetic reluctance is defined as the opposition offered by a magnetic
circuit to the production of magnetic flux.

IRON HIGH GRADE

SILICON
 Construction of core
3. Cross section of limb Must constructed as per type of winding

For cruciform
For square For cylindrical, winding
For helical and
winding
rectangular disc windings
winding Cross
shaped
Circular cross
Square cross section
Rectangular cross section
cross section
section
 Construction of core
4. Staggering process
 To avoid high reluctance at joints
 To avoid air gaps
 To increase mechanical strength

Alternate layers are

stacked differently

Shell type
 MAIN TANK
Protects the core and the windings fromthe
external environment.
Serves as a container for oil and support for all
other transformer accessories.
 CONSTRUCTION OF MAIN TANK

 made by fabricating rolled steel plates

 aluminiumsheets are also used instead of steel in order to reduce weight
 with lifting hooks and cooling tubes

Transformer at full load

conditions consumes more heat
 Insulation melts
 More losses
 Efficiency decreases
TRANSFORMER OIL
It observes the heat of the
transformer
 hydro carbon oil
 It is composed of aromatics, paraffin, naphthenes,
and olefins.
 flashpoint of 310 degrees Celsius,
 relative permeability of 2.7
 density of 0.96 kg/cm3.
 TYPES OF
CONSERVATORS
Atmoseal Type Conservator
Diaphragm Sealed Conservator

FUNCTION
It holds oil upto some level

Why it is constructed?
The transformer oil expands and
contracts with an increase and
decrease in temperature. The
conservator provides adequate space
for oil expansion without allowing it to
come into contact with ambient air.
CONSTRUCTIONFEATURES
 Semi filled with oil
 located above the tank and bushings
 rubber bladder is present in some oil
conservators
 connected to the main tank through a pipe
 A level indicator is fitted to the conservator to
indicate the oil level inside.
 Air
air expands

Transformer oil
Transformer oil

Conservator tank

air contracts
air
Transformer oil
Transformer oil

Function
Breather sends out the air during expansion Keeps the transformer oil
and pulls in the air during contraction of oil free from moisture
Connecting connect the breather to conservator tank
flange

Top lid Acts as the lid for the breather

Transparent To see the colour of silica gel filled inside

cylinder

Absorbs moisture while pulling air ( initially

Silica gel
blue in colour later changes to pink)

Bottom lid Acts as the lid for the cylinder

Air inlet Intakes air from atmosphere

oil Acts as barrier between silica gel and air during no expansion/contraction
oil cup To hold the oil
EXPLOSION VENT

FUNCTION
 Acts as relief valve
and ensures safety
 Exploses when
pressure increases
CONSTRUCTION OF EXPLOSION VENT

Bent pipe fitted to main tank

Non metallic diaphragm
 BUCHHOLZ RELAY

It lies between
main tank and
conservator
tank

 Safety operated relay

 Trips the circuit breaker and indicates
fault of the transformer
 CONSTRUTION AND OPERATION OF BUCCHOLZ RELAY
5 7 To send the gases out
ON
6

2
4
ON
1

to find the type of fault, the gas is

collected from here and gets tested
TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION