Introduction to Pollution

Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products

into the environment, causing adverse changes. This can include
air pollution, water pollution, and other forms of contamination.
Definition of Air Pollution
1 Toxic Gases
Air pollution consists of harmful
gases like sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, and carbon
monoxide, often released by
vehicles and industrial activities.
2 Particulate Matter
It also includes particles like
dust, pollen, smoke, and liquid
droplets that are suspended in
the air, which can be hazardous
to human health.
Causes of Air Pollution
Vehicle Emissions Industrial Activities

The burning of fossil fuels in vehicles releases Factories and manufacturing units release a
a significant amount of air pollutants, variety of air pollutants into the atmosphere,
contributing to air pollution. causing environmental harm.
Effects of Air Pollution
1 Respiratory Diseases
Air pollution is linked to
respiratory diseases such as
asthma, bronchitis, and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD).
2 Environmental Damage
It can also result in damage to
plants, animals, and buildings,
impacting ecosystems and
biodiversity.
Definition of Water Pollution
1 Chemical Contamination
Water pollution includes the
introduction of harmful
substances such as pesticides,
heavy metals, and toxins into
water bodies, making them
unsafe for consumption.
2 Microbial Pathogens
It can also involve the presence
of disease-causing
microorganisms like bacteria,
viruses, and parasites in water,
posing health risks.
Causes of Water Pollution
Agricultural Runoff Improper Waste Disposal

Chemicals and fertilizers used in agriculture Improper disposal of waste, including plastic,
can get washed into water bodies, leading to chemicals, and sewage, can pollute rivers,
contamination and eutrophication. lakes, and oceans.
Effects of Water Pollution
1 Health Impacts
Water pollution can lead to
waterborne diseases such as
cholera, typhoid, and dysentery,
affecting human health.
2 Aquatic Ecosystems
It can cause the decline of
aquatic biodiversity, disrupt
food chains, and harm marine
life due to the presence of toxins
and pollutants.
Solutions to Reduce Air and Water
Pollution
Green Technologies
Adopting eco-friendly
technologies in industries and
promoting energy-efficient
solutions can help reduce air and
water pollution.
Regulations and Policies
Implementing stringent laws and
policies to limit emissions and
enhance waste management is
crucial for combating pollution.