(Decir esto como introducción a lo que vas a presentar)

As an introduction, I analysed musician Brian Eno giving a speech at Edinburgh College of

Art on May 2016.

I believe it led quite directly to the American Civil War, because it suddenly created a
widespread empathy for the fate of these people who, for the first time were generally
recognised as being other human beings and, so the idea of treating them that badly
became impossible to bear for at least half the population.

/ aɪ bɪliːv ɪt lɛd kw̥ aɪt dɪɹrɛktlɪ tə ðɪ əmɛɹɪkən sɪvɫ̩ wɔː / b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ɪt sʌdn̩lɪ kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd ə waɪdspɹ̥ɛd
ɛmpəθɪ fə ðə feɪt əv ðiːz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ huː / fə ðə fɜ:s ˈtʰaɪm wə dʒɛnr̩l̩ɪ ɹɛkəɡnaɪzd əz biːɪŋ ʌðə
ɦjuːmən biːɪŋz̥ / æn səʊ ðɪ aɪdɪə əv tɹ̥iːtɪŋ ðəm ðæp bæd͜lɪ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩ ˈtʰə beə fə /
ət liːst hɑːf ðə pɒpj̥ʊleɪʃn̩ /

What generally happens, this is what pop musicians have always been saying, is that things
bubble up and people package them as they come up.

/ w̥ ɒt dʒɛnr̩əlɪ ɦæpn̩z̥ / ð̥ɪs ɪz wɒʔt / ˈpʰɒp‿mjuːzɪʃn̩z əv ɔːɫweɪz biːn seɪɪŋ / ɪz ðæt̪ θɪŋz bʌbl̩
ʌp / æn ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ ˈpʰækɪdʒ ðəm əz ðeɪ ˈkʰʌm ʌp /

If you think of what happens in a carnival, for a little while the rules of normal life are
suspended and suddenly you can be whoever you like, you know, you can be as sexy as you
ever dreamed of being, even if you are eighty-two years old, you can be mad, you can be
crazy, you can change sex, you can do whatever you like in carnival. I always thought
carnivals were really a model of the kind of culture I would like to finally live in and when I
may start when I'm eighty.

/ ɪf ju θɪŋk əv wɒt hæpn̩z ɪn ə ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩ / fəɹ ə lɪt͜͜l̩̥ waɪɫ ðə ɹuːɫz əv nɔːmɫ̩ laɪf ə səspɛndɪd ən
sʌdn̩lɪ ju ˈkʰm̩ bɪ ɦuevə ju laɪk / j̥u nəʊ / j̥u ˈkʰm̩ bɪ əz sɛksɪ əz ju ɛvə driːmd əv biːɪŋ / ɪvn ɪf ju
əɹ eɪtɪ ˈtʰu: jɪəz əʊɫd̥ / j̥u ˈkʰm̩ bɪ mæd̥ / j̥u ˈkʰm̩ bɪ kɹ̥eɪzɪ / j̥u ˈkʰn̩ tʃeɪndʒ sɛks / j̥u ˈkʰn̩ du: wɒ
ˈtʰɛvə ju laɪk ɪŋ ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩ / aɪ ɔːɫweɪz θɔ:k ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩z wə ɹɪəlɪ ə mɒdl̩ əv ðə ˈkʰaɪnd əv ˈkʰʌɫtʃə
aɪ wʊd laɪk ˈtʰə faɪnəlɪ laɪv ɪn / æn wɛn aɪ meɪ stɑːt wɛn aɪm eɪtɪ /
I used to leave that place just so happy.

/ aɪ juːs tə li:v ðæp pl̥eɪs dʒəst səʊ ɦæpɪ /

So for example, if I showed you this, now, I could describe this in a lot of different ways.

/ səʊ fəɹ ɪɡzɑːmpɫ̩̥ / ɪf aɪ ʃəʊʒʊ ðɪs / naʊ / aɪ ˈkʰəd dɪskɹ̥aɪb ðɪs ɪn ə lɒˈtʰ əv dɪfɹənt weɪz̥ /

And I went to this show and saw about two hundred other people I’d never heard of
before.

/ æn aɪ wɛnt tə ðɪʃ ʃəʊ ənd sɔ: əbaʊt ˈtʰu: ɦʌndrəd ʌðə ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ aɪd nɛvə ɦɜːd əv bɪfɔː /

So you have this funny situation that we depend on each other more, but we understand
each other less in many respects.

/ səʊ ju ɦəv ðɪs fʌnɪ sɪtʃʊeɪʃn̩̪ ðæt wɪ dɪˈpʰɛnd ɒn iːtʃ ʌðə mɔː / b̥ət wɪ ʌndəstænd iːtʃ ʌðə lɛs
ɪn mɛnɪ ɹɪspɛkts /

As the Professor said I'm ex art student and I care about art school and I care about
education, not only art education, but education in the humanities in general.

/ əz ðə pɹ̥əfɛsə sɛd aɪm ɛks ɑ:t stj̥uːdnt ənd aɪ ˈkʰeəɹ əbaʊt ɑ:t sku:l ən aɪ ˈkʰeəɹ əbaʊt ɛdʒʊ
ˈkʰeɪʃn̩ / nɒt əʊnlɪ ɑ:t ɛdʒʊˈkʰeɪʃn̩ / b̥ət ɛdʒʊˈkʰeɪʃn̩ ɪn̪ ðə ɦjuːmænɪtɪz ɪn dʒɛnr̩ɫ̩ /

And I realised it is another fumbling disappointment and I’ll try again. But, yeah, the last
record I made, my current record which came out a couple of weeks ago. I'm very pleased
with it. I think it’s not like anything else I've heard and it’s in the charts!

/ æn aɪ ɹɪəlaɪzd ɪt s ənʌðə fʌmbl̩ɪŋ dɪsəˈpʰoɪnʔmənt ən aɪɫ tɹ̥aɪ əɡɛn / b̥ʌt / j̥eə / ð̥ə lɑːst
ɹɛkɔ:d aɪ meɪd̥ / maɪ ˈkʰʌɹənt ɹɛkɔ:d wɪtʃ ˈkʰeɪm aʊt ə ˈkʰʌpl̩ əv wiːks əɡəʊ / aɪm vɛɹɪ pl̥iːzd
wɪð ɪʔt / aɪ θɪŋk ɪts nɒt laɪk ɛnɪθɪŋ ɛls aɪv hɜːd ənd ɪts ɪn̪ ðə tʃɑːts /
ASPIRATIONS P, T, K

I believe it led quite directly to the American Civil War, because it suddenly created a
widespread empathy for the fate of these people who, for the first time were generally
recognised as being other human beings and, so the idea of treating them that badly became
impossible to bear for at least half the population.
/ aɪ bɪliːv ɪt lɛd kw̥ aɪt dɪɹrɛktlɪ tə ðɪ əmɛɹɪkən sɪvɫ̩ wɔː / b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ɪt sʌdn̩lɪ kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd ə waɪdspɹ̥ɛd
ɛmpəθɪ fə ðə feɪt əv ðiːz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ huː / fə ðə fɜ:s ˈtʰaɪm wə dʒɛnr̩l̩ɪ ɹɛkəɡnaɪzd əz biːɪŋ ʌðə
ɦjuːmən biːɪŋz̥ / æn səʊ ðɪ aɪdɪəɹ əv tɹ̥iːtɪŋ ðəm ðæp bæd͜lɪ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩ ˈtʰə beə fə /
ət liːst hɑːf ðə pɒpj̥ʊleɪʃn̩ /

b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩

In these four words have cases of ASPIRATION: When the English voiceless plosives (bilabial, alveolar and
velar) [p, t, k] are followed by vowels in an ACCENTED syllable, those plosives are aspirated.

DEVOICING Absence of aspirations pl, pr, kw, kj, beginning or end

I believe it led quite directly to the American Civil War, because it suddenly created a
widespread empathy for the fate of these people who, for the first time were generally
recognised as being other human beings and, so the idea of treating them that badly became
impossible to bear for at least half the population.
/ aɪ bɪliːv ɪt lɛd kw̥ aɪt dɪɹrɛktlɪ tə ðɪ əmɛɹɪkən sɪvɫ̩ wɔː / b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ɪt sʌdn̩lɪ kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd ə waɪdspɹ̥ɛd
ɛmpəθɪ fə ðə feɪt əv ðiːz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ huː / fə ðə fɜ:s ˈtʰaɪm wə dʒɛnr̩l̩ɪ ɹɛkəɡnaɪzd əz biːɪŋ ʌðə
ɦjuːmən biːɪŋz̥ / æn səʊ ðɪ aɪdɪəɹ əv tɹ̥iːtɪŋ ðəm ðæp bæd͜lɪ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩ ˈtʰə beə fə /
ət liːst hɑːf ðə pɒpj̥ʊleɪʃn̩ /
DEVOICING: The voiced consonant sounds, alveolar lateral, postalveolar proximant, bilabial semi vowel
and palatal semi vowel /l, r, w, j/, lose some of its voicing when they are preceded by the voiceless plosives
sounds /p, t, k/. The aspiration of the plosive sounds makes the sonorants devoiced. In this text, examples
are: kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd waɪdspɹ̥ɛd tɹ̥iːtɪŋ, among others.

Voicing of glottal sound: ɦ

I believe it led quite directly to the American Civil War, because it suddenly created a
widespread empathy for the fate of these people who, for the first time were generally
recognised as being other human beings and, so the idea of treating them that badly became
impossible to bear for at least half the population.
/ aɪ bɪliːv ɪt lɛd kw̥ aɪt dɪɹrɛktlɪ tə ðɪ əmɛɹɪkən sɪvɫ̩ wɔː / b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ɪt sʌdn̩lɪ kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd ə waɪdspɹ̥ɛd
ɛmpəθɪ fə ðə feɪt əv ðiːz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ huː / fə ðə fɜ:s ˈtʰaɪm wə dʒɛnr̩l̩ɪ ɹɛkəɡnaɪzd əz biːɪŋ ʌðə
ɦjuːmən biːɪŋz̥ / æn səʊ ðɪ aɪdɪəɹ əv tɹ̥iːtɪŋ ðəm ðæp bæd͜lɪ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩ ˈtʰə beə fə /
ət liːst hɑːf ðə pɒpj̥ʊleɪʃn̩ /
VOICING: Contrary to devoicing, the voiceless glottal fricative sound /h/ may become a bit voiced /ɦ/ when
surrounded by vowel sounds.

I believe it led quite directly to the American Civil War, because it suddenly created a
widespread empathy for the fate of these people who, for the first time were generally
recognised as being other human beings and, so the idea of treating them that badly became
impossible to bear for at least half the population.
/ aɪ bɪliːv ɪt lɛd kw̥ aɪt dɪɹrɛktlɪ tə ðɪ əmɛɹɪkən sɪvɫ̩ wɔː / b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ɪt sʌdn̩lɪ kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd ə waɪdspɹ̥ɛd
ɛmpəθɪ fə ðə feɪt əv ðiːz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ huː / fə ðə fɜ:s ˈtʰaɪm wə dʒɛnr̩l̩ɪ ɹɛkəɡnaɪzd əz biːɪŋ ʌðə
ɦjuːmən biːɪŋz̥ / æn səʊ ðɪ aɪdɪəɹ əv tɹ̥iːtɪŋ ðəm ðæp bæd͜lɪ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩ ˈtʰə beə fə /
ət liːst hɑːf ðə pɒpj̥ʊleɪʃn̩ /
DARK L: can be found when the voiced alveolar lateral sound is followed by another consonant sound (any
consonant sound), when the lateral sound is syllabic or when it appears before a pause.
TYPES OF RELEASE

Non-audible release:

I believe it led quite directly to the American Civil War, because it suddenly created a
widespread empathy for the fate of these people who, for the first time were generally
recognised as being other human beings and, so the idea of treating them that badly became
impossible to bear for at least half the population.
/ aɪ bɪliːv ɪt lɛd kw̥ aɪt dɪɹrɛktlɪ tə ðɪ əmɛɹɪkən sɪvɫ̩ wɔː / b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ɪt sʌdn̩lɪ kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd ə waɪdspɹ̥ɛd
ɛmpəθɪ fə ðə feɪt əv ðiːz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ huː / fə ðə fɜ:s ˈtʰaɪm wə dʒɛnr̩l̩ɪ ɹɛkəɡnaɪzd əz biːɪŋ ʌðə
ɦjuːmən biːɪŋz̥ / æn səʊ ðɪ aɪdɪəɹ əv tɹ̥iːtɪŋ ðəm ðæp bæd͜lɪ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩ ˈtʰə beə fə /
ət liːst hɑːf ðə pɒpj̥ʊleɪʃn̩ /
NON-AUDIBLE RELEASE: in clusters formed by two consecutive plosives, in this case, a voiceless alveolar
/t/ preceding a voiced bilabial /b/, the first one normally has non-audible release.

Example: / dɪɹrɛktlɪ/ (a voiceless alveolar plosive /t/ preceding a voiceless velar plosive /k/)

ðæp bæd͜lɪ in clusters formed by two consecutive plosives, in this case, a voiceless alveolar /t/ preceding
a voiced bilabial /b/, the first one normally has non-audible release.

Nasal release:

What generally happens, this is what pop musicians have always been saying, is that things
bubble up and people package them as they come up.

/ w̥ ɒt dʒɛnr̩əlɪ ɦæpn̩z̥ / ð̥ɪs ɪz wɒʔt / ˈpʰɒp‿mjuːzɪʃn̩z əv ɔːɫweɪz biːn seɪɪŋ / ɪz ðæt̪ θɪŋz bʌbl̩
ʌp / æn ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ ˈpʰækɪdʒ ðəm əz ðeɪ ˈkʰʌm ʌp /
NASAL RELEASE: because the voiceless bilabial plosive is followed by a homorganic nasal, its release stage
is not performed orally, but nasally.
Lateral release:

I believe it led quite directly to the American Civil War, because it suddenly created a
widespread empathy for the fate of these people who, for the first time were generally
recognised as being other human beings and, so the idea of treating them that badly became
impossible to bear for at least half the population.
/ aɪ bɪliːv ɪt lɛd kw̥ aɪt dɪɹrɛktlɪ tə ðɪ əmɛɹɪkən sɪvɫ̩ wɔː / b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ɪt sʌdn̩lɪ kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd ə waɪdspɹ̥ɛd
ɛmpəθɪ fə ðə feɪt əv ðiːz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ huː / fə ðə fɜ:s ˈtʰaɪm wə dʒɛnr̩l̩ɪ ɹɛkəɡnaɪzd əz biːɪŋ ʌðə
ɦjuːmən biːɪŋz̥ / æn səʊ ðɪ aɪdɪəɹ əv tɹ̥iːtɪŋ ðəm ðæp bæd͜lɪ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩ ˈtʰə beə fə /
ət liːst hɑːf ðə pɒpj̥ʊleɪʃn̩ /
LATERAL RELEASE: when the alveolar plosives /t, d/ are followed by a voiced alveolar lateral /l/, both
plosives are normally released laterally. Lateral release can happen within word or at word boundary.

ELISION

At word boundary:
I believe it led directly to the American Civil War, because it suddenly created a widespread
empathy for the fate of these people who, for the first time were generally recognised as
being other human beings and, so the idea of treating them that badly became impossible to
bear for at least half the population.
/ aɪ bɪliːv ɪt lɛd kw̥ aɪt dɪɹrɛktlɪ tə ðɪ əmɛɹɪkən sɪvɫ̩ wɔː / b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ɪt sʌdn̩lɪ kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd ə waɪdspɹ̥ɛd
ɛmpəθɪ fə ðə feɪt əv ðiːz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ huː / fə ðə fɜ:s ˈtʰaɪm wə dʒɛnr̩l̩ɪ ɹɛkəɡnaɪzd əz biːɪŋ ʌðə
ɦjuːmən biːɪŋz̥ / æn səʊ ðɪ aɪdɪəɹ əv tɹ̥iːtɪŋ ðəm ðæp bæd͜lɪ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩ ˈtʰə beə fə /
ət liːst hɑːf ðə pɒpj̥ʊleɪʃn̩ /

Word internal elision:

I believe it led directly to the American Civil War, because it suddenly created a widespread
empathy for the fate of these people who, for the first time were generally recognised as
being other human beings and, so the idea of treating them that badly became impossible to
bear for at least half the population.
/ aɪ bɪliːv ɪt lɛd kw̥ aɪt dɪɹrɛktlɪ tə ðɪ əmɛɹɪkən sɪvɫ̩ wɔː / b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ɪt sʌdn̩lɪ kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd ə waɪdspɹ̥ɛd
ɛmpəθɪ fə ðə feɪt əv ðiːz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ huː / fə ðə fɜ:s ˈtʰaɪm wə dʒɛnr̩l̩ɪ ɹɛkəɡnaɪzd əz biːɪŋ ʌðə
ɦjuːmən biːɪŋz̥ / æn səʊ ðɪ aɪdɪəɹ əv tɹ̥iːtɪŋ ðəm ðæp bæd͜lɪ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩ ˈtʰə beə fə /
ət liːst hɑːf ðə pɒpj̥ʊleɪʃn̩ /

I believe it led quite directly to the American Civil War, because it suddenly created a
widespread empathy for the fate of these people who, for the first time were generally
recognised as being other human beings and, so the idea of treating them that badly became
impossible to bear for at least half the population.
/ aɪ bɪliːv ɪt lɛd kw̥ aɪt dɪɹrɛktlɪ tə ðɪ əmɛɹɪkən sɪvɫ̩ wɔː / b̥ɪˈkʰɒz ɪt sʌdn̩lɪ kɹ̥iːeɪtɪd ə waɪdspɹ̥ɛd
ɛmpəθɪ fə ðə feɪt əv ðiːz ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ huː / fə ðə fɜ:s ˈtʰaɪm wə dʒɛnr̩l̩ɪ ɹɛkəɡnaɪzd əz biːɪŋ ʌðə
ɦjuːmən biːɪŋz̥ / æn səʊ ðɪ aɪdɪəɹ əv tɹ̥iːtɪŋ ðəm ðæp bæd͜lɪ bɪˈkʰeɪm ɪmˈpʰɒsəbɫ̩ ˈtʰə beə fə /
ət liːst hɑːf ðə pɒpj̥ʊleɪʃn̩ /
Asimilation

If you think of what happens in a carnival, for a little while the rules of normal life are
suspended and suddenly you can be whoever you like, you know, you can be as sexy as you
ever dreamed of being, even if you are eighty-two years old, you can be mad, you can be
crazy, you can change sex, you can do whatever you like in carnival. I always thought
carnivals were a model of the kind of culture I would like to finally live in and one I may
start when I'm eighty.

/ ɪf ju θɪŋk əv wɒt hæpn̩z ɪn ə ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩ / fəɹ ə lɪt͜͜l̩̥ waɪɫ ðə ɹuːɫz əv nɔːmɫ̩ laɪf ə səspɛndɪd ən
sʌdn̩lɪ ju ˈkʰm̩ bɪ ɦuevə ju laɪk / j̥u nəʊ / j̥u ˈkʰm̩ bɪ əz sɛksɪ əz ju ɛvə driːmd əv biːɪŋ / ɪvn ɪf ju
əɹ eɪtɪ ˈtʰu: jɪəz əʊɫd̥ / j̥u ˈkʰm̩ bɪ mæd̥ / j̥u ˈkʰm̩ bɪ kɹ̥eɪzɪ / j̥u ˈkʰn̩ tʃeɪndʒ sɛks / j̥u ˈkʰn̩ du: wɒ
ˈtʰɛvə ju laɪk ɪŋ ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩ / aɪ ɔːɫweɪz θɔ:k ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩z wə ɹɪəlɪ ə mɒdɫ̩ əv ðə ˈkʰaɪnd əv ˈkʰʌɫtʃə
aɪ wʊd laɪk ˈtʰə faɪnəlɪ laɪv ɪn / æn wɛn aɪ meɪ stɑːt wɛn aɪm eɪtɪ /
ASSIMILATION: Here, the voiced alveolar nasal /n/ was assimilated into the voiced bilabial nasal /m/ under
the influence of the voiced bilabial plosive /b/.

32:56 I used to leave that place just so happy.

/ aɪ juːst tə li:v ðæp pl̥eɪs dʒəst səʊ ɦæpɪ /

52:01 so for example, if I showed you this, now, I could describe this in a lot of different
ways
/ səʊ fəɹ ɪɡzɑːmpɫ̩ / ɪf aɪ ʃəʊʒʊ ðɪs / naʊ / aɪ ˈkʰəd dɪskɹ̥aɪb ðɪs ɪn ə lɒˈtʰ əv dɪfɹənt weɪz /
58:19 And I went to this show and saw about two hundred other people I’d never heard of
before
/ æn aɪ wɛnt ˈtʰə ðɪʃ ʃəʊ ənd sɔ: əbaʊt ˈtʰu: ɦʌndrəd ʌðə ˈpʰiːpɫ̩ aɪd nɛvə ɦɜːd əv bɪfɔː /

If you think of what happens in a carnival, for a little while the rules of normal life are
suspended and suddenly you can be whoever you like, you know, you can be as sexy as you
ever dreamed of being, even if you are eighty-two years old, you can be mad, you can be
crazy, you can change sex, you can do whatever you like in carnival. I always thought
carnivals were a model of the kind of culture I would like to finally live in and one I may
start when I'm eighty.

/ ɪf ju θɪŋk əv wɒt hæpn̩z ɪn ə ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩ / fəɹ ə lɪt͜͜l̩̥ waɪɫ ðə ɹuːɫz əv nɔːmɫ̩ laɪf ə səspɛndɪd ən
sʌdn̩lɪ ju ˈkʰm̩ bɪ ɦuevə ju laɪk / j̥u nəʊ / j̥u ˈkʰm̩ bɪ əz sɛksɪ əz ju ɛvə driːmd əv biːɪŋ / ɪvən ɪf
ju əɹ eɪtɪ ˈtʰu: jɪəz əʊɫd̥ / j̥u ˈkʰm̩ bɪ mæd̥ / j̥u ˈkʰm̩ bɪ kɹ̥eɪzɪ / j̥u ˈkʰn̩ tʃeɪndʒ sɛks / j̥u ˈkʰn̩ du:
wɒˈtʰɛvə ju laɪk ɪŋ ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩ / aɪ ɔːɫweɪz θɔ:k ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩z wə ɹɪəlɪ ə mɒdɫ̩ əv ðə ˈkʰaɪnd əv
ˈkʰʌɫtʃə aɪ wʊd laɪk ˈtʰə faɪnəlɪ laɪv ɪn / æn wɛn aɪ meɪ stɑːt wɛn aɪm eɪtɪ /

ɪŋ ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩ ASSIMILATION: Here, the voiced alveolar nasal /n/ was assimilated into a voiced velar
nasal /ŋ/ under the influence of the voiceless velar plosive /k/.

θɔ:k ˈkʰɑːnɪvɫ̩z ASSIMILATION: The voiceless alveolar plosive /t/ was be assimilated into the voiceless
velar plosive /k/ under the influence of another voiceless velar plosive /k/.
17:09 So you have this funny situation that we depend on each other more, but we
understand each other less in many respects.
/ səʊ ju ɦəv ðɪs fʌnɪ sɪtʃʊeɪʃn̩ ðæt wɪ dɪˈpʰɛnd ɒn iːtʃ ʌðə mɔː / b̥ət wɪ ʌndəstænd iːtʃ ʌðə lɛs
ɪn mɛnɪ ɹɪspɛkts /

09:46 As the Professor said I'm ex art student and I care about art school and I care about
education, not only art education, but education in the humanities in general.
/ əz ðə pɹ̥əfɛsə sɛd aɪm ɛks ɑ:t stj̥uːdnt ənd aɪ ˈkʰeəɹ əbaʊt ɑ:t sku:l ən aɪ ˈkʰeəɹ əbaʊt ɛdʒʊ
ˈkʰeɪʃn̩ / nɒt əʊnlɪ ɑ:t ɛdʒʊˈkʰeɪʃn̩ / b̥ət ɛdʒʊˈkʰeɪʃn̩ ɪn̪ ðə ɦjuːmænɪtɪz ɪn dʒɛnr̩ɫ̩ /

80:27 I realise it is another fumbling disappointment and I’ll try again. But, yeah, the last
record I made, my current record which came out a couple of weeks ago. I'm very pleased
with it. I think it’s not like anything else I've heard and it’s in the charts!
/ æn aɪ ɹɪəlaɪzd ɪt s ənʌðə fʌmbl̩ɪŋ dɪsəˈpʰoɪnʔmənt ən aɪɫ tɹ̥aɪ əɡɛn / b̥ʌt / j̥eə / ð̥ə lɑːst
ɹɛkɔ:d aɪ meɪd̥ / maɪ ˈkʰʌɹənt ɹɛkɔ:d wɪtʃ ˈkʰeɪm aʊt ə ˈkʰʌpl̩ əv wiːks əɡəʊ / aɪm vɛɹɪ pl̥iːzd
wɪð ɪʔt / aɪ θɪŋk ɪts nɒt laɪk ɛnɪθɪŋ ɛls aɪv hɜːd ənd ɪts ɪn̪ ðə tʃɑːts /
Here we have a case of GLOTTAL REINFORCEMENT: that is to say, a pre-glottalization of the voiceless
alveolar plosive /t/ before another consonant (in this case, a voiced bilabial plosive), or before a pause:
pre-consonantal.
I realise it is another fumbling disappointment and I’ll try again. But, yeah, the last record I
made, my current record which came out a couple of weeks ago. I'm very pleased with it. I
think it’s not like anything else I've heard and it’s in the charts!
/ æn aɪ ɹɪəlaɪzd ɪt s ənʌðə fʌmbl̩ɪŋ dɪsəˈpʰoɪnʔmənt ən aɪɫ tɹ̥aɪ əɡɛn / b̥ʌt / j̥eə / ð̥ə lɑːst
ɹɛkɔ:d aɪ meɪd̥ / maɪ ˈkʰʌɹənt ɹɛkɔ:d wɪtʃ ˈkʰeɪm aʊt ə ˈkʰʌpl̩ əv wiːks əɡəʊ / aɪm vɛɹɪ pl̥iːzd
wɪð ɪʔt / aɪ θɪŋk ɪts nɒt laɪk ɛnɪθɪŋ ɛls aɪv hɜːd ənd ɪts ɪn̪ ðə tʃɑːts /
Here we are in front of a GLOTTAL REPLACEMENT: the theory reads that the voiceless alveolar plosive /t/
is replaced by a glottal stop before another consonant. Contrary to the rule, this word is at the end of a
sentence.

DENTALIZATION

I realise it is another fumbling disappointment and I’ll try again. But, yeah, the last record I
made, my current record which came out a couple of weeks ago. I'm very pleased with it. I
think it’s not like anything else I've heard and it’s in the charts!
/ æn aɪ ɹɪəlaɪzd ɪt s ənʌðə fʌmbl̩ɪŋ dɪsəˈpʰoɪnʔmənt ən aɪɫ tɹ̥aɪ əɡɛn / b̥ʌt / j̥eə / ð̥ə lɑːst
ɹɛkɔ:d aɪ meɪd̥ / maɪ ˈkʰʌɹənt ɹɛkɔ:d wɪtʃ ˈkʰeɪm aʊt ə ˈkʰʌpl̩ əv wiːks əɡəʊ / aɪm vɛɹɪ pl̥iːzd
wɪð ɪʔt / aɪ θɪŋk ɪts nɒt laɪk ɛnɪθɪŋ ɛls aɪv hɜːd ənd ɪts ɪn̪ ðə tʃɑːts /
DENTALIZATION: where the voiced alveolar lateral or nasal, or the alveolar plosives [l, n, d, t] they are
dentalized when they are followed by the dental fricatives /ð, θ/, within words or in connected speech.

SYLLABICITY: occurs when a consonant replaces a vowel in a syllable. There are four consonants that can
do this: l, r, m, n. The voiced alveolar lateral, the voiced postalveolar proximant and the nasal sounds.

/ səʊ ju ɦəv ðɪs fʌnɪ sɪtʃʊeɪʃn̩ ðæt wɪ dɪˈpʰɛnd ɒn iːtʃ ʌðə mɔː / b̥ət wɪ ʌndəstænd iːtʃ ʌðə lɛs
ɪn mɛnɪ ɹɪspɛkts /