@FTre FALCULAN TWINS’ REVIEW CENTER x Shaping Teachery. ravkerving loves. Special Education Definition - is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students’ individualdifferences and needs. - Italso refers to the arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings, and other interventions designed to address the needs of students with learning differences, mental health issues, physical and developmental disabilities, and giftedness. Goal of Special Education: - to provide children with special needs appropriateeducational services within the mainstream of basiceducation. ‘Some Influences = a & -2 al taco Important Laws in Special Educatior - The first legal basis of the care and protection of children with disabilities was enacted in 1935. Articles 356 and 259 of Commonwealth Act No.3203. 1. Republic Act No. 3562 - An Act to Promote the EDUCATION of the blind in the Philippines which established teacher training course and Philippine National School for the Blind. - Philippine Normal College offered courses in Spedfor teaching the blind in 1964 wherein 14 elementary teachers were selected for training. 2. Republic Act No. 5250 - An Act Establishing a ten- year Teaching training programs for teachers of special and exceptional children. 3. Presidential Decree No. 603 - In 1975 known as the Child and Youth Welfare Code was enacted. 4. Batas Pambansa Bilang 232 - Also known as Education Act of 1982. The State shall promote theright of every individual to relevant quality education regardless of sex, age, breed, socio- economics status, physical and mental condition, social and ethnic origin, political and other affliations MARCH 2023 LET 1@FTrRC FALCULAN TWINS’ REVIEW CENTER x Shaping Teachery. ravkerving loves. 5. Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 - In 1983, The Accessibility Law. An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons. 6. Republic Act No. 6759 - In 1989, The Law declaredAugust 1 of each year as “White Cane Safety Day’ in the Philippines. 7. Republic Act No. 7610 - In 1992, The Law is anact providing for Strong Deterrence and Special Protection against Child Abuse, Exploitation and discrimination. 8. Republic Act No. 9288 - In 2004, known as TheNewborn Screening Act of 2004.” 9. Republic Act No. 7277 - Magna Carta forDisabled Persons Classifications of Disabilities by WHO 4. Impairment - refers to physical or mental defect or the loss or reduced function of a body part or organ. 2. Disability - refers to a person-level limitations in physical and psycho-cognitive activities, ‘or an impairment which limits the ability to perform certain tasks. 3. Handicap - A problem encountered duringinteraction with the environment is termed as the Handicap. Types of Disabilities The IDEA provides definitions of the 13-disability categorized as follows: 1. Autism - a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal ‘communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely affects educational outcomes. Characteristics... Y repetitive activities ¥ stereotyped movements ¥ resistance to changes in daily routines. Y unusual responses to sensory experiences The term autism does not apply if the child's educational performance is adversely affected primarily because the child has emotionaldisturbance. 2, Deaf-Blindness - simultaneous hearing and visual impairments, the combination of which causes such severe communication and other developmental and educational needs 3. Deafness - hearing impairment so severe thata child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects a child's ‘educational performance. MARCH 2023 LET 2SG FTRC FALCULAN TWINS’ REVIEW CENTER x i Shaping Teachery. ravkerving loves: 4, Emotional Disturbance - a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and toa marked degree that adversely affects a child’seducational performance: a) b) °) d) e) An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors, An inability to build or maintain satisfactoryinterpersonal relationships with peers and teachers. Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances. ‘A general pervasive mood of unhappiness ordepression. A tendency to develop physical symptoms orfears associated with personal or school problems. As defined by IDEA, emotional disturbance includes schizophrenia but does not apply to children who are socially maladjusted, unless itis determined that they have an emotional disturbance. 5. Hearing Impairment - an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child's educational performance but is not included under the definition of “deafness.” Types of Hearing Impairment v Conductive Hearing Loss - Hearing loss caused by something that stops sounds fromgetting through the outer or middle ear. Otten be treated with medicine or surgery. Sensorineural Hearing Loss - occurs when there is a problem in the way the inner ear orhearing nerve works. Mixed Hearing Loss - includes both a conductive and a sensorineural hearing loss. 6. Intellectual Disability -significantly subaveragegeneral intellectual functioning, existing concurrently [at the same time] with deficits inadaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely atfects a child's educational performance. 7. Multiple Disabilities - concomitant [simultaneous] impairments (such as mental retardation- blindness, mental retardation- orthopedic impairment, etc.), the combination of which causes such severe educational needsthat they cannot be accommodated in a specialeducation program solely for one of the impairments. The term does not include deaf- blindness. 8 Orthopedic Impairment a. a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance. b. includes impairments caused by a congenital anomaly (2.9., clubfoot, absence of some member, etc.), impairments caused by disease (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis, etc.), and impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures). 9. Other Health Impairment - means havinglimited strength, vitality, or alertness, including MARCH 2023 LET 3@FTrRC FALCULAN TWINS’ REVIEW CENTER x Shaping Teachery. Rravkerving loves. a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment. (a) isdue to chronic or acute healthproblems such as asthma, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition, hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, and sickle cell anemia; and (b) adversely affects a child's educational performance. 10. Speech or Language Impairment - a communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance. 11. Traumatic Brain Injury - an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child's educational performance. The term applies to open or closed head injuriesresulting in impairments in one or more areas, such as ... cognition; language; memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem-solving; sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; psychosocial behavior; physical functions; information processing; and speech. 12. Visual Impairment Including Blindness - animpairment in vision that, even with correction,adversely affects a child's educational performance. The term includes both partialsight and blindness. 13. Learning Disabilities - significant reduced ability to understand new or complex information, to learn new skills (impaired intelligence), with a reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social functioning), which started before adulthood". ¥ Dyscalculia - A specific learning disability that affects a person's ability to understand numbers and learn math facts. ¥ Dysgraphia- a specific learning disability that affects a person's handwriting ability andfine motor skills. Y Dyslexia - A specitic learning disability that affects reading and related language-based processing skills. MARCH 2023 LET 4@FTRC FALCULAN TWINS’ REVIEW CENTER x ; Shaping Teachery. Rravkerving loves: Difference between Special Education and Regular Classroom —s _ Kind of Learners Children with special needs who necessitate [Rapadar Coniaesn! individualized program Number of Learners Foronconone:1For group 3-4 Private school :35°50 For resource group 15-10 Public school: 50-60 or Attention skills (ADHD) Memory Skills (MR), Braille (VD, Sign Language (HID, Auditory and Visual Perception skills English, Reading, Math, (LD), anger Management (emotional/ Behavior Disturbance), ™ aaa Creative and Critieal Thinking Skills (Giftedness), functional ‘Academies (Autism) Who dictatesthe Individual nceds ofthe child ‘School System (DECS) Curriculum? Received instruction SPED teachers, occupational therapist, Physical Regular Teachers pe ‘Therapist, Speech Pathologist. (Subject Teachers) Primary Funetion OF SPED TEACHER: aaa “Tomect the goals and objectives established in "TEACHER: the EP ‘Toteach the curriculum ‘Typeof Classroom SPEDClaseroom, Self-contained room; Resource ama Mainstream classroom Seating Arrangements in SPED Classrooms Action zone - Students in these seats are more likely to interact with the teacher, ask questions and initiate discussion. Classic rows - Also known as traditional rows. In the room, students in either horizontal or vertical rows facing the teacherand the whiteboard. This set-up places students in an audience position collectively focused on traditional teacher-centric lessons. Cooperative chairs - Forming the groups based on student personality and work style. Students can work together cooperatively throughout the day without having to take time to rearrange desk or form new groups. Horseshoe or u-shape - Facilitates whole group discussion while still forcing students to face forward for teacher-directed instruction. Also known as semicircle. Full circle - Some activities might requirestudents to move their desk into a closed circle on a temporary basis in order to hold aclass meeting or hold a writer's workshop where students will be sharing their work and offering each other feedback. SPED Classroom Setting 1 Location - can contribute to room temperature. If classroom is located in the east side, room can be hot in the morning. Ifits in the west side, it can be hot in the afternoon. Heat can make studentsuncomfortable specially for those children with autism. 2. Lighting - Dark room invites drowsiness while very bright room stimulates too much activity. - Lighting must observe proper standard such as adequate illumination (preferably fluorescent light) and light should come fromthe left side of the pupils. - Lights must be found overhead, hung 5meters or more above the heads MARCH 2023 LET 5@FTrC FALCULAN TWINS’ REVIEW CENTER w Shaping Teachery. Rravkerving loves. of the pupils so as not to cast shadow when they read. -For visually impaired, an increase illumination can help. 3. Noise - Children with special needs are sensitive to noise ex. road noise, air conditioning, chatter, repairs etc. Make sure to maintain a quiet hallway whenclasses start. Noisy repairs in the classroom must be donebefore or after the class or even before the semester starts. To reduce general noise level, teachers should separate quiet and noisy spaces as much as possible. 4, Floor Space - Considered as the biggest factor in the classroom physical environment. Classroom size may vary according to the number of students and their characteristicsand activities to be conducted. Mat area must be located near the entranceand tables and chairs should be located nearthe center away from the windows and doors. Limit materials and furniture in the classroom. Classrooms must be free from other sensorystimulations such as odors and visual displays. 5. Teacher's Table - Must be located in an areawith a barrier-free view of all students. Space around it should be free of barriers sothat you can move quickly to a student warranting teacher intervention. Can be placed at the back as a workplace or in front of the classroom allowir you to seemost of the area of the room. MARCH 2023 LET 6